%I M4816 #94 Nov 05 2024 12:12:55

%S 11,1111111111111111111,11111111111111111111111

%N Primes of the form (10^k - 1)/9. Also called repunit primes or repdigit primes.

%C The next term corresponds to k = 317 and is too large to include: see A004023.

%C Also called repunit primes or prime repunits.

%C Also, primes with digital product = 1.

%C The number of 1's in these repunits must also be prime. Since the number of 1's in (10^k-1)/9 is k, if k = p*m then (10^(p*m)-1) = (10^p)^m-1 => (10^p-1)/9 = q and q divides (10^k-1). This follows from the identity a^k - b^k = (a-b)*(a^(k-1) + a^(k-2)*b + ... + b^(k-1)). - _Cino Hilliard_, Dec 23 2008

%C A subset of A020449, ..., A020457, A036953, ..., cf. link to OEIS index. - _M. F. Hasler_, Jul 27 2015

%C The terms in this sequence, except 11 which is not Brazilian, are prime repunits in base ten, so they are Brazilian primes belonging to A085104 and A285017. - _Bernard Schott_, Apr 08 2017

%D T. M. Apostol, Introduction to Analytic Number Theory, Springer-Verlag, 1976, p. 11. Graham, Knuth and Patashnik, Concrete mathematics, Addison-Wesley, 1994; see p. 146, problem 22.

%D M. Barsanti, R. Dvornicich, M. Forti, T. Franzoni, M. Gobbino, S. Mortola, L. Pernazza and R. Romito, Il Fibonacci N. 8 (included in Il Fibonacci, Unione Matematica Italiana, 2011), 2004, Problem 8.10.

%D Clifford A. Pickover, A Passion for Mathematics, Wiley, 2005; see p. 60.

%D N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).

%H T. D. Noe, <a href="/A004022/b004022.txt">Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..5</a>

%H J. Brillhart et al., <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1090/conm/022">Factorizations of b^n +- 1</a>, Contemporary Mathematics, Vol. 22, Amer. Math. Soc., Providence, RI, 3rd edition, 2002.

%H Ernest G. Hibbs, <a href="https://www.proquest.com/openview/4012f0286b785cd732c78eb0fc6fce80">Component Interactions of the Prime Numbers</a>, Ph. D. Thesis, Capitol Technology Univ. (2022), see p. 33.

%H Dmytro S. Inosov and Emil Vlasák, <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.21427">Cryptarithmically unique terms in integer sequences</a>, arXiv:2410.21427 [math.NT], 2024. See p. 18.

%H Makoto Kamada, <a href="https://stdkmd.net/nrr/repunit">Factorizations of 11...11 (Repunit)</a>.

%H D. H. Lehmer, <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1090/S0002-9904-1929-04748-7">On the number (10^23-1)/9</a>, Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. 35 (1929), 349-350.

%H James Maynard and Brady Haran, <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eeoBCS7IEqs">Primes without a 7</a>, Numberphile video (2019)

%H Andy Steward, <a href="http://www.users.globalnet.co.uk/~aads/primes.html">Prime Generalized Repunits</a>

%H S. S. Wagstaff, Jr., <a href="http://www.cerias.purdue.edu/homes/ssw/cun/index.html">The Cunningham Project</a>

%H <a href="/index/Pri#PrimesWithDigits">Index to entries for primes with digits in a given set</a>.

%F a(n) = A002275(A004023(n)).

%t lst={}; Do[If[PrimeQ[p = (10^n - 1)/9], AppendTo[lst, p]], {n, 10^2}]; lst (* _Vladimir Joseph Stephan Orlovsky_, Aug 22 2008 *)

%t Select[Table[(10^n - 1) / 9, {n, 500}], PrimeQ] (* _Vincenzo Librandi_, Nov 08 2014 *)

%t Select[Table[FromDigits[PadRight[{},n,1]],{n,30}],PrimeQ] (* _Harvey P. Dale_, Apr 07 2018 *)

%o (PARI) forprime(x=2,20000,if(ispseudoprime((10^x-1)/9),print1((10^x-1)/9","))) \\ _Cino Hilliard_, Dec 23 2008

%o (Magma) [a: n in [0..300] | IsPrime(a) where a is (10^n - 1) div 9 ]; // _Vincenzo Librandi_, Nov 08 2014

%o (Python)

%o from sympy import isprime

%o from itertools import count, islice

%o def agen(): # generator of terms

%o yield from (t for t in (int("1"*k) for k in count(1)) if isprime(t))

%o print(list(islice(agen(), 4))) # _Michael S. Branicky_, Jun 09 2022

%Y A116692 is another version of repunit primes or repdigit primes. - _N. J. A. Sloane_, Jan 22 2023

%Y See A004023 for the number of 1's.

%Y Cf. A046413.

%K nonn,nice,bref,changed

%O 1,1

%A _N. J. A. Sloane_

%E Edited by _Max Alekseyev_, Nov 15 2010

%E Name expanded by _N. J. A. Sloane_, Jan 22 2023