The Maximum Entropy Principle has been used to model complex chemical reaction processes. The max... more The Maximum Entropy Principle has been used to model complex chemical reaction processes. The maximum entropy principle has been employed by the Rate-Controlled Constrained-Equilibrium (RCCE) method to determine concentration of different species during non-equilibrium combustion process. In this model, it is assumed that the system evolves through constrained equilibrium states where entropy of the mixture is maximized subject to constraints. Mixture composition is determined by integrating set of differential equations of constraints rather than integration of differential equations for species as is done with detailed kinetics techniques. Since the number of constraints is much smaller than the number of species present, the number of rate equations required to describe the time evolution of the system is considerably reduced. This method has been used to model the stoichiometric mixture of the formaldehyde-oxygen combustion process. In this study 29 species and 139 reactions has...
How to cite Complete issue More information about this article Journal's homepage in redalyc... more How to cite Complete issue More information about this article Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Scientific Information System
Communication, dissemination and publication activities play a vital role within STAR-ProBio. The... more Communication, dissemination and publication activities play a vital role within STAR-ProBio. The first year report on these activities lists activities carried out in all Work Packages during the period May 2017 – April 2018. These activities include framework activities for the whole project such as the establishment of a brand identity and ICT channels, and the elaboration of a Data Management Plan, and specific communication and dissemination activities such as interviews, surveys, workshops, webinars, meetings, scientific and general publications, etc. The report describes for all these activities the target groups reached and messages delivered. Finally, the report also includes an indicative list of expected communication, dissemination and publication activities for the second year of the project (May 2018 – April 2019).
This study analyses the impacts that energy efficiency has on low-income households; to what degr... more This study analyses the impacts that energy efficiency has on low-income households; to what degree energy efficiency policies should specifically target low-income households; and in which circumstances they should be combined with social policies addressing energy consumption in low-income households. The study aims to support a balanced debate on policy options to fight energy poverty, in particular in the context of the revision of the Energy Efficiency Directive (EED) and the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD). This study was prepared by Policy Department A at the request of the Committee on Industry, Research and Energy Committee (ITRE).
The transition to a bioeconomy (BE) offers great chances with respect to a more sustainable econo... more The transition to a bioeconomy (BE) offers great chances with respect to a more sustainable economy, in which products are produced mostly from renewable resources in a socially,economically and environmentally acceptable way, overcoming typical problems caused by the economic development. Nevertheless, there are also high risks for people and the planet in line with the advancement of this development. These risks must be minimized today by policies in order to avoid an erroneous trend.<br> This deliverable seeks to show potential policy gaps with regard to the establishment of a sustainable BE and to develop recommendations to bridge these gaps based on STAR ProBio results. Therefore policies, strategies and legislative documents from EU member states and the European Union, potentially affecting or promoting sustainability assessment and certification were investigated. Furthermore, results of ongoing and finalized projects within the research area were incorporated in this...
To reach the target of an almost carbon neutral building stock in the European Union by 2050, as ... more To reach the target of an almost carbon neutral building stock in the European Union by 2050, as proposed by the low-carbon roadmap, it is crucial to include all residential buildings into these efforts. However, at the moment, only few energy efficiency (EE) policies in Europe focus on or actively include low-income households (LIH), which represent about 17 % of households in the EU (as defined by earning less than 60 % of their respective national median equivalised disposable income). Social policies to alleviate the precarity of fuel poverty exist in nearly all Member States. Though these policies may be successful in alleviating fuel poverty, they can actually counteract the incentive for investing in EE. This paper stems from research performed by the authors for the ITRE Committee on EE policies for LIH (EP, 2016). In this paper, we analyse the current EE policy landscape in the EU and its Member States with regard to how they address LIH. After presenting barriers to effici...
The rate-controlled constrained-equilibrium (RCCE) method for simplifying the kinetics of complex... more The rate-controlled constrained-equilibrium (RCCE) method for simplifying the kinetics of complex reacting systems is reviewed. This method is based on the maximum entropy principle of thermodynamics and involves the assumption that the evolution of a system can be described using a relatively small set of slowly changing constraints imposed by the external and internal dynamics of the system. As a result, the number of differential and algebraic equations required to determine the constrained-equilibrium state of a system can be very much smaller than the number of species in the system. It follows that only reactions which change constraints are required to determine the dynamic evolution of the system and all other reactions are in equilibrium. The accuracy of the method depends on both the character and number of constraints employed and issues involved in the selection and transformation of the constraints are discussed. A method for determining the initial conditions for highly non-equilibrium systems is also presented.The method is illustrated by applying it to the oxidation of methane (CH4), methanol (CH3OH), and formaldehyde (CH2O) in a constant volume adiabatic chamber over a wide range of initial temperatures, pressures, and equivalence ratios. The RCCE calculations were carried out using 8–12 constraints and 133 reactions. Good agreement with “Detailed Kinetic Model” (DMK) calculations using 29 species and 133 reactions was obtained. The number of reactions in the RCCE calculations could be reduced to 20 for CH4, 16 for CH3OH, and 12 for CH2O without changing the results significantly affecting the agreement. It may be noted that a DKM with 29 species requires a minimum of 29 reactions.
The Maximum Entropy Principle has been used to model complex chemical reaction processes. The max... more The Maximum Entropy Principle has been used to model complex chemical reaction processes. The maximum entropy principle has been employed by the Rate-Controlled Constrained-Equilibrium (RCCE) method to determine concentration of different species during non-equilibrium combustion process. In this model, it is assumed that the system evolves through constrained equilibrium states where entropy of the mixture is maximized subject to constraints. Mixture composition is determined by integrating set of differential equations of constraints rather than integration of differential equations for species as is done with detailed kinetics techniques. Since the number of constraints is much smaller than the number of species present, the number of rate equations required to describe the time evolution of the system is considerably reduced. This method has been used to model the stoichiometric mixture of the formaldehyde-oxygen combustion process. In this study 29 species and 139 reactions has...
How to cite Complete issue More information about this article Journal's homepage in redalyc... more How to cite Complete issue More information about this article Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Scientific Information System
Communication, dissemination and publication activities play a vital role within STAR-ProBio. The... more Communication, dissemination and publication activities play a vital role within STAR-ProBio. The first year report on these activities lists activities carried out in all Work Packages during the period May 2017 – April 2018. These activities include framework activities for the whole project such as the establishment of a brand identity and ICT channels, and the elaboration of a Data Management Plan, and specific communication and dissemination activities such as interviews, surveys, workshops, webinars, meetings, scientific and general publications, etc. The report describes for all these activities the target groups reached and messages delivered. Finally, the report also includes an indicative list of expected communication, dissemination and publication activities for the second year of the project (May 2018 – April 2019).
This study analyses the impacts that energy efficiency has on low-income households; to what degr... more This study analyses the impacts that energy efficiency has on low-income households; to what degree energy efficiency policies should specifically target low-income households; and in which circumstances they should be combined with social policies addressing energy consumption in low-income households. The study aims to support a balanced debate on policy options to fight energy poverty, in particular in the context of the revision of the Energy Efficiency Directive (EED) and the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD). This study was prepared by Policy Department A at the request of the Committee on Industry, Research and Energy Committee (ITRE).
The transition to a bioeconomy (BE) offers great chances with respect to a more sustainable econo... more The transition to a bioeconomy (BE) offers great chances with respect to a more sustainable economy, in which products are produced mostly from renewable resources in a socially,economically and environmentally acceptable way, overcoming typical problems caused by the economic development. Nevertheless, there are also high risks for people and the planet in line with the advancement of this development. These risks must be minimized today by policies in order to avoid an erroneous trend.<br> This deliverable seeks to show potential policy gaps with regard to the establishment of a sustainable BE and to develop recommendations to bridge these gaps based on STAR ProBio results. Therefore policies, strategies and legislative documents from EU member states and the European Union, potentially affecting or promoting sustainability assessment and certification were investigated. Furthermore, results of ongoing and finalized projects within the research area were incorporated in this...
To reach the target of an almost carbon neutral building stock in the European Union by 2050, as ... more To reach the target of an almost carbon neutral building stock in the European Union by 2050, as proposed by the low-carbon roadmap, it is crucial to include all residential buildings into these efforts. However, at the moment, only few energy efficiency (EE) policies in Europe focus on or actively include low-income households (LIH), which represent about 17 % of households in the EU (as defined by earning less than 60 % of their respective national median equivalised disposable income). Social policies to alleviate the precarity of fuel poverty exist in nearly all Member States. Though these policies may be successful in alleviating fuel poverty, they can actually counteract the incentive for investing in EE. This paper stems from research performed by the authors for the ITRE Committee on EE policies for LIH (EP, 2016). In this paper, we analyse the current EE policy landscape in the EU and its Member States with regard to how they address LIH. After presenting barriers to effici...
The rate-controlled constrained-equilibrium (RCCE) method for simplifying the kinetics of complex... more The rate-controlled constrained-equilibrium (RCCE) method for simplifying the kinetics of complex reacting systems is reviewed. This method is based on the maximum entropy principle of thermodynamics and involves the assumption that the evolution of a system can be described using a relatively small set of slowly changing constraints imposed by the external and internal dynamics of the system. As a result, the number of differential and algebraic equations required to determine the constrained-equilibrium state of a system can be very much smaller than the number of species in the system. It follows that only reactions which change constraints are required to determine the dynamic evolution of the system and all other reactions are in equilibrium. The accuracy of the method depends on both the character and number of constraints employed and issues involved in the selection and transformation of the constraints are discussed. A method for determining the initial conditions for highly non-equilibrium systems is also presented.The method is illustrated by applying it to the oxidation of methane (CH4), methanol (CH3OH), and formaldehyde (CH2O) in a constant volume adiabatic chamber over a wide range of initial temperatures, pressures, and equivalence ratios. The RCCE calculations were carried out using 8–12 constraints and 133 reactions. Good agreement with “Detailed Kinetic Model” (DMK) calculations using 29 species and 133 reactions was obtained. The number of reactions in the RCCE calculations could be reduced to 20 for CH4, 16 for CH3OH, and 12 for CH2O without changing the results significantly affecting the agreement. It may be noted that a DKM with 29 species requires a minimum of 29 reactions.
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