Gestating sows become more sensitive to high temperatures at the end of gestation. Cooling pads h... more Gestating sows become more sensitive to high temperatures at the end of gestation. Cooling pads have been developed that reduce the impact of high environmental temperatures on sows. Some of the added heat stress response may be due to oxidative stress which might be reduced with dietary antioxidants. The objective of this study was to evaluate the daily patterns of common measures of heat stress on late gestation sows with or electronic cooling pads (ECP) with or without the addition of Moringa, a plant with antioxidant activity. Sows (n = 24), 2 days before farrowing, were assigned a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments: farrowing crates with or without cooling pads and corn-soybean based diets containing either 0 or 4% Moringa leaf powder. Sows were fed 1.36 kg of feed twice a day and had ad-libitum access to water. The farrowing room was targeted to have a 32°C daytime from 1100 to 1700 h and 26°C nighttime). The ECP flushed 2.0 L of cool water when one of the three tempera...
Spray-dried plasma (SDP) contain a variety of functional proteins that play an immunomodulatory r... more Spray-dried plasma (SDP) contain a variety of functional proteins that play an immunomodulatory role. To evaluate the potential of SDP to stimulate the immune system, day-old Ross 708 male broiler chicks (200) were allocated randomly to five dietary treatments. Treatment 1 (CX) comprised chicks fed basal unmedicated corn–soybean meal (SBM) without the addition of SDP. Treatment 2 (MX) includes chicks fed unmedicated corn–SBM basal containing Bacitracin methylene disalicylate (BMD) at 0.055 g/kg diet. Treatments 3 (SDP1), 4 (SDP2), and 5 (SDP3) contained chicks given unmedicated corn–SBM basal, into which SDP was included at 10, 20, and 30 g/kg diet, respectively. On d 7, 14, and 21, chicks’ body weight and FCR were calculated. Additionally, leucocyte counts, oxidative status, and IgY concentrations were determined in blood. On d 23, fecal populations of selected indicator bacteria species were determined. Results showed that FCR for SP3 was superior (p < 0.05) to other treatments...
Milk proteins serve as nutrition and affect neonate development and immunity through their bioact... more Milk proteins serve as nutrition and affect neonate development and immunity through their bioactivity. Post-translational modifications of proteins affect their bioactivity. Glycosylation is the attachment of sugar moieties to proteins, with attachment of glycans to asparagine indicated as N-linked glycosylation. Our objective was to characterize N-linked glycosylated proteins in homogenate swine milk samples collected from sows (n = 5/6) during farrowing to represent colostrum and on days 3 and 14 post-farrowing to represent transitional and mature milk, respectively. Glycopeptides were isolated with lectin-based extraction and treated with Peptide N-glycosidase F (PNGase F) to identify N-linked glycosylation sites. Purified glycopeptides were analyzed by label-free liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). MaxQuant software was used to align spectra to Sus scrofa Uniport database to identify proteins and measure their relative abundances. Analysis of variance and...
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
Background: Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is a ubiquitous obligatory intracellular parasite which... more Background: Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is a ubiquitous obligatory intracellular parasite which infects over 40 million Americans and causes toxoplasmosis. Inside the human body, T. gondii can damage tissues and invade vital organs. Methods: This study evaluated the association of T. gondii infection and liver disease using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2009–2010, with a sample size of 3371 participants (age 20–80 years). Toxoplasma infection was determined by the level of T. gondii IgG antibody in serum samples. Liver disease was assessed by liver injury biomarkers and the Fatty Liver Index (US-FLI). The evaluation of the association between T. gondii infection and liver disease included the calculation of the Mantel–Haenszel risk ratio (RRMH), Rho-Scott chi-square bivariate analyses, design-based t-tests, and linear and logistic regression models which were adjusted for demographic and anthropometric covariates. Results: Mean levels of a...
The hazardous consequences of heavy metal ions (HMIs) on human health necessitate the immediate n... more The hazardous consequences of heavy metal ions (HMIs) on human health necessitate the immediate need to probe fundamentally the interactions and cytotoxic effects of HMIs on humans. This study investigated the influence of five toxic HMIs (arsenic (As (III)), cadmium (Cd (II)), chromium (Cr (VI)), mercury (Hg (II)), and lead (Pb (II))) on human TNBC (HCC 1806) cell viability using optical microscopy, trypan blue dye-exclusion assays, and flow cytometry. The TNBC cells were exposed to varying concentrations of HMIs for 24 and 48 hours. We evaluated the influence of the concentrations and duration of HMIs exposure on TNBC cell viability. Light microscopy, cell viability assays, revealed that after 48-hour treatment of TNBC cells with 1 x 10-5 M of As (III), Cd (II), Hg (II), Cr (IV), and Pb (II) resulted in cell viabilities of 23%, 34%, 35%, 56%, 91% respectively, suggesting that As (III) has the greatest cytotoxicity (77% cell death) while Pb (II) showed the least (9% cell death). Fu...
Gestating sows become more sensitive to high temperatures at the end of gestation. Cooling pads h... more Gestating sows become more sensitive to high temperatures at the end of gestation. Cooling pads have been developed that reduce the impact of high environmental temperatures on sows. Some of the added heat stress response may be due to oxidative stress which might be reduced with dietary antioxidants. The objective of this study was to evaluate the daily patterns of common measures of heat stress on late gestation sows with or electronic cooling pads (ECP) with or without the addition of Moringa, a plant with antioxidant activity. Sows (n = 24), 2 days before farrowing, were assigned a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments: farrowing crates with or without cooling pads and corn-soybean based diets containing either 0 or 4% Moringa leaf powder. Sows were fed 1.36 kg of feed twice a day and had ad-libitum access to water. The farrowing room was targeted to have a 32°C daytime from 1100 to 1700 h and 26°C nighttime). The ECP flushed 2.0 L of cool water when one of the three tempera...
Spray-dried plasma (SDP) contain a variety of functional proteins that play an immunomodulatory r... more Spray-dried plasma (SDP) contain a variety of functional proteins that play an immunomodulatory role. To evaluate the potential of SDP to stimulate the immune system, day-old Ross 708 male broiler chicks (200) were allocated randomly to five dietary treatments. Treatment 1 (CX) comprised chicks fed basal unmedicated corn–soybean meal (SBM) without the addition of SDP. Treatment 2 (MX) includes chicks fed unmedicated corn–SBM basal containing Bacitracin methylene disalicylate (BMD) at 0.055 g/kg diet. Treatments 3 (SDP1), 4 (SDP2), and 5 (SDP3) contained chicks given unmedicated corn–SBM basal, into which SDP was included at 10, 20, and 30 g/kg diet, respectively. On d 7, 14, and 21, chicks’ body weight and FCR were calculated. Additionally, leucocyte counts, oxidative status, and IgY concentrations were determined in blood. On d 23, fecal populations of selected indicator bacteria species were determined. Results showed that FCR for SP3 was superior (p < 0.05) to other treatments...
Milk proteins serve as nutrition and affect neonate development and immunity through their bioact... more Milk proteins serve as nutrition and affect neonate development and immunity through their bioactivity. Post-translational modifications of proteins affect their bioactivity. Glycosylation is the attachment of sugar moieties to proteins, with attachment of glycans to asparagine indicated as N-linked glycosylation. Our objective was to characterize N-linked glycosylated proteins in homogenate swine milk samples collected from sows (n = 5/6) during farrowing to represent colostrum and on days 3 and 14 post-farrowing to represent transitional and mature milk, respectively. Glycopeptides were isolated with lectin-based extraction and treated with Peptide N-glycosidase F (PNGase F) to identify N-linked glycosylation sites. Purified glycopeptides were analyzed by label-free liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). MaxQuant software was used to align spectra to Sus scrofa Uniport database to identify proteins and measure their relative abundances. Analysis of variance and...
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
Background: Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is a ubiquitous obligatory intracellular parasite which... more Background: Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is a ubiquitous obligatory intracellular parasite which infects over 40 million Americans and causes toxoplasmosis. Inside the human body, T. gondii can damage tissues and invade vital organs. Methods: This study evaluated the association of T. gondii infection and liver disease using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2009–2010, with a sample size of 3371 participants (age 20–80 years). Toxoplasma infection was determined by the level of T. gondii IgG antibody in serum samples. Liver disease was assessed by liver injury biomarkers and the Fatty Liver Index (US-FLI). The evaluation of the association between T. gondii infection and liver disease included the calculation of the Mantel–Haenszel risk ratio (RRMH), Rho-Scott chi-square bivariate analyses, design-based t-tests, and linear and logistic regression models which were adjusted for demographic and anthropometric covariates. Results: Mean levels of a...
The hazardous consequences of heavy metal ions (HMIs) on human health necessitate the immediate n... more The hazardous consequences of heavy metal ions (HMIs) on human health necessitate the immediate need to probe fundamentally the interactions and cytotoxic effects of HMIs on humans. This study investigated the influence of five toxic HMIs (arsenic (As (III)), cadmium (Cd (II)), chromium (Cr (VI)), mercury (Hg (II)), and lead (Pb (II))) on human TNBC (HCC 1806) cell viability using optical microscopy, trypan blue dye-exclusion assays, and flow cytometry. The TNBC cells were exposed to varying concentrations of HMIs for 24 and 48 hours. We evaluated the influence of the concentrations and duration of HMIs exposure on TNBC cell viability. Light microscopy, cell viability assays, revealed that after 48-hour treatment of TNBC cells with 1 x 10-5 M of As (III), Cd (II), Hg (II), Cr (IV), and Pb (II) resulted in cell viabilities of 23%, 34%, 35%, 56%, 91% respectively, suggesting that As (III) has the greatest cytotoxicity (77% cell death) while Pb (II) showed the least (9% cell death). Fu...
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Papers by Radiah C Minor