Papers by Arabat Kasangaki
African Health Sciences, Jan 18, 2016
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Objective: To assess ECC in children aged 4-5 years in Mbale , Eastern Uganda and investigate how... more Objective: To assess ECC in children aged 4-5 years in Mbale , Eastern Uganda and investigate how promotion of exclusive breastfeeding to pregnant mothers through peer counselling impacts on their children’s ECC in subsequent years. Method: Participants were recruited from the PROMISE- EBF cluster randomised trial (PROMISE EBF INCO-CT 2004-003660). A total of 765 pregnant women from 24 clusters were included in a randomised trial in the ratio 1:1 to receive peer counselling to promote exclusive breast feeding (EBF) as the intervention or receive standard care. ECC experience was assessed in a follow-up at 4-5 years from 473 children under field conditions using the World Health Organization criteria. Results: 205(55.7%) mothers in the intervention arm and 41(12.4%) in the control arm exclusively breastfed their children up to 24 weeks. The mean dmft was 1.5 (SD 2.9) and 1.7 (SD2.9) in the intervention and control groups, respectively. Corresponding prevalence rates of ECC were 43% a...
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Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, 2014
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African Journal of Oral Health Sciences, 2004
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Journal of Investigative Medicine, 2007
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Archives of dentistry and oral health, 2018
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Archives of dentistry and oral health, 2018
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European Journal of Dentistry, 2011
ABSTRACTObjectives: To assess factors influencing the distribution of oral manifestations in HIV/... more ABSTRACTObjectives: To assess factors influencing the distribution of oral manifestations in HIV/AIDS-infected children attending the Paediatric Infectious Disease Clinic in Mulago Hospital, Kampala. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study comprising 237 children (males/females: 113/124) aged 1 to 12 years. The parents/guardians were interviewed to obtain demographic information, oral hygiene practices, dietary habits and health seeking behaviours as well as any medications taken. The children were clinically examined for oral lesions based on World Health Organization criteria with modifications. Results: About 71.7% of the children cleaned their teeth. About 16.9% of the children had visited a dentist since birth, mainly for emergency care. One or more oral lesions were recorded in 73% of the children of whom 19.0% experienced discomfort during oral functions. Cervical lymphadenopathy, oral candidiasis and gingivitis were the most common soft tissue oral lesions: 60.8%, 28.3% an...
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The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice, 2004
Objective This study was aimed at establishing the prevalence, sex, age, and site distribution of... more Objective This study was aimed at establishing the prevalence, sex, age, and site distribution of salivary gland neoplasms as seen in the Department of Oral Surgery Mulago Hospital Uganda. Design Descriptive retrospective study. Materials and Methods Histopathological results from the Department of Oral Surgery were retrieved and analyzed for histological diagnosis, age, sex, and site. Records retrieved included those from January 1988 to December 2000. Student's t-test and z-test were used for data analysis. Results Of all neoplasms seen in the Department between 1988 and 2000, salivary gland tumors comprised 7.8% of which 77 (54.23%) were benign and 65 (45.77%) were malignant. Pleomorphic adenoma was the most prevalent over all. Among the malignant group, adenocarcinoma was the most prevalent of those where the palate was the most affected site. The age range was 1-80 years with the overall mean age being 33.83 ± 18. 83. The mean age for the benign lesions was 26.74 ± 16.0 and...
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Community dentistry and oral epidemiology, Dec 20, 2017
To estimate the effect of distal and proximal early life-course factors on early childhood caries... more To estimate the effect of distal and proximal early life-course factors on early childhood caries (ECC) in 5-year-old Ugandan children, particularly focusing on the causal effect of exclusive breast feeding (EBF) on ECC using directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) for confounder selection. This study had a nested prospective cohort design, focusing on 5 years of follow-ups of caregiver-children pairs from the PROMISE-EBF trial (ClinicalTrials.gov no: NCT00397150) conducted in 2011 in Eastern Uganda. Data were from recruitment interviews, 24-week, 2-year and 5-year follow-ups of a cohort of 417 mother-children pairs. Trained research assistants performed interviews with caregivers in the local language and ECC was recorded under field conditions using the World Health Organization's (WHO) decayed missing or filled teeth (dmft) index. Early life-course factors in terms of socio-demographic characteristics, EBF and other feeding habits were assessed at the various follow-ups. The outcome (...
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Health, 2016
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Journal of Investigative Medicine, 2007
Background The implementation of a successful international health program comes with a constella... more Background The implementation of a successful international health program comes with a constellation of unique obstacles that require a collaborative approach and careful project design. Over the summer of 2006, a Canadian school-based tooth-brushing and oral health education program, “Brighter Smiles,” was delivered to 600 primary school children in four rural Ugandan communities in Africa. The international program resulted from collaboration between the University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, BC, and Makerere University (MU), Kampala, Uganda, and was implemented in 2006 by medical and dental students from both institutions. Methods Initiation of the Brighter Smiles Program in Uganda was requested by MU faculty members and the third-year dental class. Once collaboration was confirmed, planning began. Initial sessions with the UBC medical students were done in the aboriginal communities to enforce the basic program philosophy and teaching. Fundraising and grant competitions were conducted. An initial contact team composed of two medical students was sent to present the basic program at a local conference and then with faculty on board to begin the adaptation of the program to suit Uganda9s children9s community and write culturally appropriate ethics and protocols. The project then moved into all four communities under the leadership of the Ugandan dental students, who obtained preliminary consents for the project and baseline dental surveys of the children. The main UBC team then arrived for the implementation of the bulk of the project (teaching dental health, brushing techniques, and supply distribution) and while supporting the Ugandan students in this phase of the project saw their collaboration come to life. Results The 2006 pilot year of the program was embraced by target communities and is successfully under way. Six hundred children received baseline dental examinations and enrolled in the oral health tooth-brushing program. In the coming year, the program will be reinforced in Uganda by another cohort of UBC students. Key relationships were established to act as a substrate for future public health initiatives between UBC and MU. Conclusion The implementation of the “Brighter Smiles Program” in Uganda demonstrates the importance of solid preparation in advance and how the potential success of a true collaboration between international universities and local communities depends on this logistic preparation.
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Journal of Investigative Medicine, 2007
DOCTORS AND MANAGERS: CONVERT OUR DIFFERENCES INTO STRENGTH. J.D. Waldman, University of New Mexi... more DOCTORS AND MANAGERS: CONVERT OUR DIFFERENCES INTO STRENGTH. J.D. Waldman, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM. We perceive that a gap exists between two components of the health care workforce: management (MGT) and providers (MD). We studied 670 CEOs of US hospitals to understand their education, background, training, work experience, and cultural values. All factors were substantively different comparing MGT and MD, except the last. The two groups share core values: altruism, service, and love of a challenge. The present MGT-MD relationship, euphemistically called the blue suits and white coats, is generally adversarial, negatively impacts health care outcomes, and is based on erroneous stereotypes as well as misinformation. Common core values could be used as a foundation for convergence across the gap between MGT and MD. Each side has knowledge and skills that the other needs to achieve their goals-in-common. For example, MGT could teach MD tools for planning, implementation, and assessment, especially systems thinking. MD could identify for MGT the important, clinically relevant health care issues and assist MGT with generation of evidence for optimal decision-making with appropriate feedback. Much of the dysfunction in the health care system can be addressed if MGT and MD convert from enemies to partners.
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Journal of Investigative Medicine, 2007
Background In 2006, the initial collaboration between the University of British Columbia, Canada,... more Background In 2006, the initial collaboration between the University of British Columbia, Canada, and Makerere University, Uganda, Africa, began with a pediatric dental health project initiated by students enrolled in the third year of dentistry at Makerere University and first- and second-year medical students at the University of British Columbia and the Pediatrics Department. The purpose of this study is to identify the challenges experienced in adapting a successful pediatric community health program onto an international platform. Methods Through observation and discussion throughout the planning and initiation of the collaborative international project many challenges were identified. Results The concept of the project both in the actual intervention and the desire to improve children9s oral health and influence the overall health of the community were ubiquitous in both initiatives. However, the implementation of this wish was very different. Challenges arose in identifying and procuring appropriate grants and project sponsors as well as finding team members to undertake the project. Logistical obstacles became apparent in accessing needed supplies in a developing country. Delivery of the health initiative at a community level was very challenging for the project; students faced a language barrier, a very different school system, and hundreds more children participating at one time than in any of the prior Canadian initiatives. More than 600 children from 4 rural Ugandan communities were enrolled in the project over a 1-month time period. Conclusions Despite the challenges faced in initiating the international Ugandan-Canadian Paediatric Dental Health Collaboration, teams from both collaborating universities recognized that the ‘growing pains’ were well worth the extra effort. The capacity was built for community education and research for the Ugandans and the Canadians gained invaluable insight into health care and research priorities in a developing country. The children of Uganda able to participate in this international community health program will become the clear winners.
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PLOS ONE, 2015
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ISRN Education, 2012
Introduction. Medical education has defined essential “universal” core competencies. The value of... more Introduction. Medical education has defined essential “universal” core competencies. The value of global health education gained through participation in a health-promoting school project was assessed using Canada’s CanMEDS roles and competencies.Methods. The project involved health care trainees in delivery of “Brighter Smiles,” a global health education program addressing children’s oral health in Canada and Uganda based on the WHO health-promoting (HP) school model. Multidisciplinary teams first visit a Canadian First Nations community for an introduction to HP schooling, team building, and experience working in different cultural environments and then have 4–6 weeks of global health project delivery in rural HP schools in Uganda in partnership with local College of Health Sciences trainees/faculty. Learning opportunities afforded were evaluated by conventional questionnaire and pilot categorization against the 7 CanMEDS roles (divided into 126 core competencies).Results. All col...
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ISRN Education, 2012
A growing challenge of globalization is the migration of many healthcare trainees to richer natio... more A growing challenge of globalization is the migration of many healthcare trainees to richer nations when they complete their education. This loss of intellectual capital compromises the ability of low-income countries to provide adequate health care. Despite recognition of this loss most African nations keep no track of those they train. Effective investment in health care demands retention of this resource; the ability to direct healthcare providers where needed; understanding of local factors driving migration, choices regarding postgraduate training abroad, and future practice preference. Self-administered questionnaires were distributed to a random sample of 200 Uganda College of Health Sciences students for anonymous completion;141/200(70.5%) were completed; 84% of respondents intended to pursue postgraduate studies abroad; 63% to migrate within five years of graduation; 57% to work in urban areas. While partly due to global trends and awareness of international opportunities, ...
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International journal of family medicine, 2011
The World Health Organization conceived "health-promoting schools" as a means of provid... more The World Health Organization conceived "health-promoting schools" as a means of providing the information and support systems necessary for the worldwide changes in behavior that are needed to improve health globally and decrease health care costs. We developed and evaluated a model of progressively implementing health-promoting schools with support from university medical school trainees in Canada and Uganda. The model uses oral health as a medium for establishing rapport and success around a topic with little stigma. The evaluation involved questionnaires of the Canadian trainees about practice intentions before and after involvement in the health-promoting schools to determine whether community-based learning in health-promoting schools resulted in more trainees planning to work in rural areas or underserved countries. We found that Canadian medical trainees cited their personal involvement and perceived ability to effect significant and identifiable positive change in...
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Papers by Arabat Kasangaki