Main aim of the paper was to identify the socio-cultural and economic factors affecting effective... more Main aim of the paper was to identify the socio-cultural and economic factors affecting effective youths' participation in agricultural marketing cooperative societies. Specifically, the study intended to; examine the operations of agricultural and marketing cooperatives , determine the prerequisites for person becoming a member of agricultural and marketing cooperatives , examine the socio-cultural factors hindering effective youth's participation in agricultural and marketing cooperatives and examine the economic factors hindering effective youth's participation in agricultural and marketing cooperatives. The paper used a multi-case study design were used in describing various issues relating to the study. The cases that were used in this study were Mweka Sungu, Mruwia and Njari in Uru North from Moshi district council and Engare Olmotony and Sokoni II AMCOS in Arusha district council, Tanzania. The study revealed that the socio-cultural factors affecting youths partic...
Unemployment is among major challenges of development globally. Youths are the highly affected pa... more Unemployment is among major challenges of development globally. Youths are the highly affected part by unemployment in African population. The governments have failed to adequately meet the employment needs for youths, hence private sector intervention in job creation, such as by co-operatives is needed. The co-operative enterprise become among the most viable organization to promote employment for youths. This paper is based on the Tanzania to reflect employment creation through co-operatives in the country. Mainly the paper aims to “determine the opportunities for youth’s employment creating through a co-operative enterprise†. Specifically the paper aims; to identify the factors contributing to youth’s unemployment and their implications to the youths, to determine the alternative approaches of employment creation for the youths through a co-operative enterprise, and to determine the constraints affecting successful creation of youth employments in co-operatives. The desig...
Unemployment is among major challenges of development globally. Youths are the highly affected pa... more Unemployment is among major challenges of development globally. Youths are the highly affected part by unemployment in African population. The governments have failed to adequately meet the employment needs for youths, hence private sector intervention in job creation, such as by cooperatives is needed. The cooperative enterprise become among the most viable organization to promote employment for youths. This paper is based on the Tanzania to reflect employment creation through cooperatives in the country. Mainly the paper aims to " determine the opportunities for youth's employment creating through a cooperative enterprise ". Specifically the paper aims; to identify the factors contributing to youth's unemployment and their implications to the youths, to determine the alternative approaches of employment creation for the youths through a cooperative enterprise, and to determine the constraints affecting successful creation of youth employments in cooperatives. The design of the paper is descriptive and more qualitative in its approach. The descriptions will base on the practical experience and theoretical conceptualization of the authors on the matters relating to cooperative and youth's employment creation and secondary data. For the case of Tanzania, efforts to minimize unemployment among youths can be done through cooperatives in agricultural sector. They can support employment creation either; directly by employing youths a staffs, finance youths business, facilitate youth access to land and production facilities and forming business for youths with cooperatives , or indirectly by supporting youths to access markets, education and training and linking with creditors. The study will also reveal some challenges in creating youths' employments through cooperatives as well as providing viable recommendations.
Main aim of the paper was to identify the socio-cultural and economic factors affecting effective... more Main aim of the paper was to identify the socio-cultural and economic factors affecting effective youths' participation in agricultural marketing cooperative societies. Specifically, the study intended to; examine the operations of agricultural and marketing cooperatives , determine the prerequisites for person becoming a member of agricultural and marketing cooperatives , examine the socio-cultural factors hindering effective youth's participation in agricultural and marketing cooperatives and examine the economic factors hindering effective youth's participation in agricultural and marketing cooperatives. The paper used a multi-case study design were used in describing various issues relating to the study. The cases that were used in this study were Mweka Sungu, Mruwia and Njari in Uru North from Moshi district council and Engare Olmotony and Sokoni II AMCOS in Arusha district council, Tanzania. The study revealed that the socio-cultural factors affecting youths participation in AMCOS include among others; male biasness in coffee ownership, social inequality and generational difference between youths and older members, lack of interest and inadequate cooperative education among youths, limited range of services provided by AMCOS, unfavourable production and distribution relations, young women are over-occupied with domestic chores and life hardship in rural areas and rural-urban migration among other factors.
The agricultural and marketing cooperatives societies (AMCOS) are most vibrant cooperatives in Ta... more The agricultural and marketing cooperatives societies (AMCOS) are most vibrant cooperatives in Tanzania deal with production, processing, transporting and marketing of various crops. In Tanzania, the dominant varieties of such cooperatives are those dealing cash crop cooperatives like those for coffee, tobacco, cashew nuts and cotton though recently, food crops cooperative started to emerge. Moshi district is among the areas in Tanzania which have a long history of cooperative development and is comprised of AMCOS dealing with coffee production. Given the changes in the natural, economic and business environment in the world, the changes have created both benefits and severe challenges to the coffee cooperatives. The main objective was to assess the determinants of success in agricultural marketing cooperatives in Tanzania. Specifically, the study intended; to describe the activities performed by coffee agricultural marketing cooperatives , to identify and analyse the social factors determining the successful operations of coffee agricultural marketing cooperatives and to identify and analyse the economic and financial factors determining the successful operations of coffee agricultural marketing cooperatives. The design of the study is multiple-case study which three coffee cooperatives of Mweka Sungu, Mruwia and Uru North Njari were used. The study is written based on the field experiences and knowledge of the authors about the three case studies. The study revealed that success of AMCOS may be determined by social factors like; leadership, member participation, communication, equality, members' commitment, education, size of cooperative and skilled leaders and management. Economically, there are factors like; financial stability, adhering to accounting standards, cooperation with other institutions, volume of business and diversification, location and quality of produce. The study has also recommended on preconditions to ensure the determinants yield expected achievements.
ABSTRACT
The Savings and Credit Cooperative Societies (SACCOS) are financial cooperatives that ai... more ABSTRACT The Savings and Credit Cooperative Societies (SACCOS) are financial cooperatives that aim at meeting the financial needs of all members men/women, old/young, rich/poor in particular, by encouraging savings and granting loans to the members. It belongs to its members who manage it democratically. They play important role in socioeconomic development of members and communities in general as SACCOS enable easy access to financial services to people, encourage savings, create employment opportunities, support directly community development effort like helping community access to social services, stimulate growth of business, and improve members' income as well as living conditions. If SACCOS are managed properly, it becomes possible to play such social and economic roles to the members and have spiral effects to the community development process. As a result, they will be able to achieve the social and economic expectations of members. However for some SACCOS as they proceed with their operations, they face various obstacles which prevent them from fulfilling the visions/expectations that people (members) and community at large. Therefore the aim of this paper was to analyse the internal and external factors that hinder SACCOS to achieve the expectations of their members. The descriptive design was used and the data used were mostly secondary being collected from various already documented reports, papers, researches and journals, and in some circumstances, primary data were used. The approach used in describing the findings was mostly qualitative. The paper revealed that the factors preventing SACCOS to meet members' expectations are both internal and external. Internal factors are like; financial constraints, poor loan recovery, governance problems, lack of common interests, high interest rates on loans by some SACCOS, weak leadership and institutional capacity, uninformed membership, inadequate education and training, limited range of financial products and poor quality services, poor accounting and record keeping, misuse of funds and non adherence to cooperative principles. The internal factors identified include; competition, negative impacts of external financing, weak assistance form SACCOS supporting institutions, insufficient auditing and inspection, political interference and excessive donor dependency. It was recommended that to overcome these challenges and meet members' expectations, there is a need to; promote SACCOS good governance practices, provide education and training, diversifying sources, increasing capacity and number of cooperative banks, ensure proper financial management and better accounting practices, keeping records properly and networking of the SACCOS.
Main aim of the paper was to identify the socio-cultural and economic factors affecting effective... more Main aim of the paper was to identify the socio-cultural and economic factors affecting effective youths' participation in agricultural marketing cooperative societies. Specifically, the study intended to; examine the operations of agricultural and marketing cooperatives , determine the prerequisites for person becoming a member of agricultural and marketing cooperatives , examine the socio-cultural factors hindering effective youth's participation in agricultural and marketing cooperatives and examine the economic factors hindering effective youth's participation in agricultural and marketing cooperatives. The paper used a multi-case study design were used in describing various issues relating to the study. The cases that were used in this study were Mweka Sungu, Mruwia and Njari in Uru North from Moshi district council and Engare Olmotony and Sokoni II AMCOS in Arusha district council, Tanzania. The study revealed that the socio-cultural factors affecting youths partic...
Unemployment is among major challenges of development globally. Youths are the highly affected pa... more Unemployment is among major challenges of development globally. Youths are the highly affected part by unemployment in African population. The governments have failed to adequately meet the employment needs for youths, hence private sector intervention in job creation, such as by co-operatives is needed. The co-operative enterprise become among the most viable organization to promote employment for youths. This paper is based on the Tanzania to reflect employment creation through co-operatives in the country. Mainly the paper aims to “determine the opportunities for youth’s employment creating through a co-operative enterprise†. Specifically the paper aims; to identify the factors contributing to youth’s unemployment and their implications to the youths, to determine the alternative approaches of employment creation for the youths through a co-operative enterprise, and to determine the constraints affecting successful creation of youth employments in co-operatives. The desig...
Unemployment is among major challenges of development globally. Youths are the highly affected pa... more Unemployment is among major challenges of development globally. Youths are the highly affected part by unemployment in African population. The governments have failed to adequately meet the employment needs for youths, hence private sector intervention in job creation, such as by cooperatives is needed. The cooperative enterprise become among the most viable organization to promote employment for youths. This paper is based on the Tanzania to reflect employment creation through cooperatives in the country. Mainly the paper aims to " determine the opportunities for youth's employment creating through a cooperative enterprise ". Specifically the paper aims; to identify the factors contributing to youth's unemployment and their implications to the youths, to determine the alternative approaches of employment creation for the youths through a cooperative enterprise, and to determine the constraints affecting successful creation of youth employments in cooperatives. The design of the paper is descriptive and more qualitative in its approach. The descriptions will base on the practical experience and theoretical conceptualization of the authors on the matters relating to cooperative and youth's employment creation and secondary data. For the case of Tanzania, efforts to minimize unemployment among youths can be done through cooperatives in agricultural sector. They can support employment creation either; directly by employing youths a staffs, finance youths business, facilitate youth access to land and production facilities and forming business for youths with cooperatives , or indirectly by supporting youths to access markets, education and training and linking with creditors. The study will also reveal some challenges in creating youths' employments through cooperatives as well as providing viable recommendations.
Main aim of the paper was to identify the socio-cultural and economic factors affecting effective... more Main aim of the paper was to identify the socio-cultural and economic factors affecting effective youths' participation in agricultural marketing cooperative societies. Specifically, the study intended to; examine the operations of agricultural and marketing cooperatives , determine the prerequisites for person becoming a member of agricultural and marketing cooperatives , examine the socio-cultural factors hindering effective youth's participation in agricultural and marketing cooperatives and examine the economic factors hindering effective youth's participation in agricultural and marketing cooperatives. The paper used a multi-case study design were used in describing various issues relating to the study. The cases that were used in this study were Mweka Sungu, Mruwia and Njari in Uru North from Moshi district council and Engare Olmotony and Sokoni II AMCOS in Arusha district council, Tanzania. The study revealed that the socio-cultural factors affecting youths participation in AMCOS include among others; male biasness in coffee ownership, social inequality and generational difference between youths and older members, lack of interest and inadequate cooperative education among youths, limited range of services provided by AMCOS, unfavourable production and distribution relations, young women are over-occupied with domestic chores and life hardship in rural areas and rural-urban migration among other factors.
The agricultural and marketing cooperatives societies (AMCOS) are most vibrant cooperatives in Ta... more The agricultural and marketing cooperatives societies (AMCOS) are most vibrant cooperatives in Tanzania deal with production, processing, transporting and marketing of various crops. In Tanzania, the dominant varieties of such cooperatives are those dealing cash crop cooperatives like those for coffee, tobacco, cashew nuts and cotton though recently, food crops cooperative started to emerge. Moshi district is among the areas in Tanzania which have a long history of cooperative development and is comprised of AMCOS dealing with coffee production. Given the changes in the natural, economic and business environment in the world, the changes have created both benefits and severe challenges to the coffee cooperatives. The main objective was to assess the determinants of success in agricultural marketing cooperatives in Tanzania. Specifically, the study intended; to describe the activities performed by coffee agricultural marketing cooperatives , to identify and analyse the social factors determining the successful operations of coffee agricultural marketing cooperatives and to identify and analyse the economic and financial factors determining the successful operations of coffee agricultural marketing cooperatives. The design of the study is multiple-case study which three coffee cooperatives of Mweka Sungu, Mruwia and Uru North Njari were used. The study is written based on the field experiences and knowledge of the authors about the three case studies. The study revealed that success of AMCOS may be determined by social factors like; leadership, member participation, communication, equality, members' commitment, education, size of cooperative and skilled leaders and management. Economically, there are factors like; financial stability, adhering to accounting standards, cooperation with other institutions, volume of business and diversification, location and quality of produce. The study has also recommended on preconditions to ensure the determinants yield expected achievements.
ABSTRACT
The Savings and Credit Cooperative Societies (SACCOS) are financial cooperatives that ai... more ABSTRACT The Savings and Credit Cooperative Societies (SACCOS) are financial cooperatives that aim at meeting the financial needs of all members men/women, old/young, rich/poor in particular, by encouraging savings and granting loans to the members. It belongs to its members who manage it democratically. They play important role in socioeconomic development of members and communities in general as SACCOS enable easy access to financial services to people, encourage savings, create employment opportunities, support directly community development effort like helping community access to social services, stimulate growth of business, and improve members' income as well as living conditions. If SACCOS are managed properly, it becomes possible to play such social and economic roles to the members and have spiral effects to the community development process. As a result, they will be able to achieve the social and economic expectations of members. However for some SACCOS as they proceed with their operations, they face various obstacles which prevent them from fulfilling the visions/expectations that people (members) and community at large. Therefore the aim of this paper was to analyse the internal and external factors that hinder SACCOS to achieve the expectations of their members. The descriptive design was used and the data used were mostly secondary being collected from various already documented reports, papers, researches and journals, and in some circumstances, primary data were used. The approach used in describing the findings was mostly qualitative. The paper revealed that the factors preventing SACCOS to meet members' expectations are both internal and external. Internal factors are like; financial constraints, poor loan recovery, governance problems, lack of common interests, high interest rates on loans by some SACCOS, weak leadership and institutional capacity, uninformed membership, inadequate education and training, limited range of financial products and poor quality services, poor accounting and record keeping, misuse of funds and non adherence to cooperative principles. The internal factors identified include; competition, negative impacts of external financing, weak assistance form SACCOS supporting institutions, insufficient auditing and inspection, political interference and excessive donor dependency. It was recommended that to overcome these challenges and meet members' expectations, there is a need to; promote SACCOS good governance practices, provide education and training, diversifying sources, increasing capacity and number of cooperative banks, ensure proper financial management and better accounting practices, keeping records properly and networking of the SACCOS.
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Papers by Paulo Anania
The Savings and Credit Cooperative Societies (SACCOS) are financial cooperatives that aim at meeting the financial needs of all members men/women, old/young, rich/poor in particular, by encouraging savings and granting loans to the members. It belongs to its members who manage it democratically. They play important role in socioeconomic development of members and communities in general as SACCOS enable easy access to financial services to people, encourage savings, create employment opportunities, support directly community development effort like helping community access to social services, stimulate growth of business, and improve members' income as well as living conditions. If SACCOS are managed properly, it becomes possible to play such social and economic roles to the members and have spiral effects to the community development process. As a result, they will be able to achieve the social and economic expectations of members. However for some SACCOS as they proceed with their operations, they face various obstacles which prevent them from fulfilling the visions/expectations that people (members) and community at large. Therefore the aim of this paper was to analyse the internal and external factors that hinder SACCOS to achieve the expectations of their members. The descriptive design was used and the data used were mostly secondary being collected from various already documented reports, papers, researches and journals, and in some circumstances, primary data were used. The approach used in describing the findings was mostly qualitative. The paper revealed that the factors preventing SACCOS to meet members' expectations are both internal and external. Internal factors are like; financial constraints, poor loan recovery, governance problems, lack of common interests, high interest rates on loans by some SACCOS, weak leadership and institutional capacity, uninformed membership, inadequate education and training, limited range of financial products and poor quality services, poor accounting and record keeping, misuse of funds and non adherence to cooperative principles. The internal factors identified include; competition, negative impacts of external financing, weak assistance form SACCOS supporting institutions, insufficient auditing and inspection, political interference and excessive donor dependency. It was recommended that to overcome these challenges and meet members' expectations, there is a need to; promote SACCOS good governance practices, provide education and training, diversifying sources, increasing capacity and number of cooperative banks, ensure proper financial management and better accounting practices, keeping records properly and networking of the SACCOS.
The Savings and Credit Cooperative Societies (SACCOS) are financial cooperatives that aim at meeting the financial needs of all members men/women, old/young, rich/poor in particular, by encouraging savings and granting loans to the members. It belongs to its members who manage it democratically. They play important role in socioeconomic development of members and communities in general as SACCOS enable easy access to financial services to people, encourage savings, create employment opportunities, support directly community development effort like helping community access to social services, stimulate growth of business, and improve members' income as well as living conditions. If SACCOS are managed properly, it becomes possible to play such social and economic roles to the members and have spiral effects to the community development process. As a result, they will be able to achieve the social and economic expectations of members. However for some SACCOS as they proceed with their operations, they face various obstacles which prevent them from fulfilling the visions/expectations that people (members) and community at large. Therefore the aim of this paper was to analyse the internal and external factors that hinder SACCOS to achieve the expectations of their members. The descriptive design was used and the data used were mostly secondary being collected from various already documented reports, papers, researches and journals, and in some circumstances, primary data were used. The approach used in describing the findings was mostly qualitative. The paper revealed that the factors preventing SACCOS to meet members' expectations are both internal and external. Internal factors are like; financial constraints, poor loan recovery, governance problems, lack of common interests, high interest rates on loans by some SACCOS, weak leadership and institutional capacity, uninformed membership, inadequate education and training, limited range of financial products and poor quality services, poor accounting and record keeping, misuse of funds and non adherence to cooperative principles. The internal factors identified include; competition, negative impacts of external financing, weak assistance form SACCOS supporting institutions, insufficient auditing and inspection, political interference and excessive donor dependency. It was recommended that to overcome these challenges and meet members' expectations, there is a need to; promote SACCOS good governance practices, provide education and training, diversifying sources, increasing capacity and number of cooperative banks, ensure proper financial management and better accounting practices, keeping records properly and networking of the SACCOS.