The present study was conducted to study the effect of fortified soymilk as milk replacer on grow... more The present study was conducted to study the effect of fortified soymilk as milk replacer on growth performance and feeding economics of Murrah buffalo calves. Twenty four Murrah buffalo calves of (5 days age) were randomly distributed to four dietary treatment groups (T1, T2, T3 and T4). T1 was control group in which calves were reared on buffalo milk only. In T2 and T3 groups calves were fed with buffalo milk and soymilk fortified with vitamins and minerals in the ratio 40:60 and 20:80 respectively. Group T4 was same as T3 except that in this group fortified soymilk was again supplemented with enzymes (proteinase + xylanase + pectinase). Fortnightly body weight (kg) and average daily weight gain (g/d) of the calves were found statistically similar among different dietary treatments groups. Overall dry matter intake (g/d) was significantly (P<0.05) higher in calves of control group as compared to other groups. Minimum feed cost per kg weight gain was observed in T4 group. The pr...
Milk is one of the healthiest foods and consumption of dairy products is linked with overall diet... more Milk is one of the healthiest foods and consumption of dairy products is linked with overall diet quality as it is rich in essential nutrients like minerals, vitamins and easily digestible proteins with balanced amino acid profile. Intake of dairy foods is also associated with favorable health effects ahead of pure nutritional value. It has been documented for many years that diet plays an important role as a risk factor for chronic diseases in humans. Consequently, a great attention is being given to manipulate the fatty acid (FA) profile of milk fat to respond to consumer concerns. Till date, major emphasis has been given to increase the amount of milk but in today’s scenario, more emphasis should be given to increase the quality of milk. The lower level of saturated fatty acids (SFA) in milk is desired in conjunction with an increased amount of cis-mono unsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) and cispoly unsaturated fatty acid (PUFA).There are many factors which affect concentration of FA ...
Phosphorus (P) bioavailability from different sources i.e. Dicalcium phosphate (DCP), monosodium ... more Phosphorus (P) bioavailability from different sources i.e. Dicalcium phosphate (DCP), monosodium phosphate (SP) and Diammonium phosphate (DAP) using adult rats was determined in the present study. Relative bioavailability (RBV) and phosphorus retention using three balanced diets (T1, T2 and T3) were estimated. Initial phosphorus content in rat carcass was 0.912 g. While, the final phosphorus content in all the three groups i.e. T1, T2 and T3 were 1.65, 1.85 and 1.66 g, respectively. Feed efficiency in all the three groups was numerically very close i.e. 0.3, 0.3 and 0.33 in T1, T2 and T3, respectively. Net phosphorus retained in the body of rats during the period of 30 days was 0.744, 0.934 and 0.745 g in T1, T2 and T3 group, respectively. And thus finally relative bioavailability was calculated using initial and final P content which were 93.93% for dicalcium phosphate, 96.88% for monosodium phosphate and 87.03% for diammonium phosphate.
A study was carried out to elucidate the effect of strategic dietary supplementation on the econo... more A study was carried out to elucidate the effect of strategic dietary supplementation on the economics of milk production in lactating buffaloes. The body weight of the animals was recorded before and after the experiment. Body weight recorded before the start of experiment in different groups was 554.5 + 4.66, 540.16 + 5.62, 552.9 + 4.36 and 542.1 + 7.26 kg while, at the end of experiment it was 557.20 + 5.0, 545.24 + 4.1, 547.99 + 4.1 and 538.88 + 5.0 kg, respectively. Milk yield of the animals recorded in different groups during the experimental period was 7.48 + 0.65, 7.54 + 0.54, 7.23 + 0.54 and 7.18 + 0.65 kg, respectively. The quantity of feed reduction was 1.28 and 1.65 kg/ animal/day in Groups 3 and 4 as compared to control group of animals. The economics of milk production calculated in different groups was 12.27, 12.09, 11.25 and 10.86 Rs of feed/ kg of milk production by the animals.
Flavonoids (also named as bioflavonoids) are naturally occurring secondary plant metabolites foun... more Flavonoids (also named as bioflavonoids) are naturally occurring secondary plant metabolites found in all plant species and known to exhibit a number of benefits. Due to their possible role in health promoting and preventing from chronic diseases, they could be known as “functional ingredients” and “health promoting biomolecules”. Flavonoids have shown various biological effects including antibacterial, antiviral, gut modulatory, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, hypocholesteremic and immunomodulator activities. Many evidences confirms that phytochemicals like flavonoids could improve genomic stability and cellular integrity by reducing oxidative stress at cellular level. Because of these biological effects flavonoids can eventually decreases risk of infectious diseases and could increase animal's performance. Dietary supplementation with flavonoids could be used as a plan to improve and enhance meat and egg quality in commercial poultry, in addition to other positive effects on po...
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of protected ground nut cake (GNC) on inta... more The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of protected ground nut cake (GNC) on intake of nutrient and their utilization in growing goats. Fourteen goat kids (8.22 kg body weight and 3 month of age) were randomly divided into 2 groups of 07 kids each. In control group kids were given untreated GNC, while in treatment group they were fed concentrate mixed with formaldehyde treated GNC. Each kid was stall fed on concentrate and roughage, in the ratio of 50:50. Feeding trial was conducted for 90 days. Results of study indicated that the digestible crude protein intake (g per day, % body weight and per kg W 0.75) and total digestible nutrient intake (kg per day, % body weight and per kg W 0.75) in kids fed on bypass protein based ration were significantly (p<0.05) higher as compared to kids those were not fed bypass protein based ration. Similarly, % digestibility coefficient of DM, CP, EE, CF and NFE were significantly (p<0.05) higher in protected protein group as co...
The study was conducted to observe the effect of green maize along with soyabean straw over diges... more The study was conducted to observe the effect of green maize along with soyabean straw over digestibility of nutrients and the performance of crossbred lactating cows. Sixteen lactating crossbred cows were divided into four groups on the basis of their body wt., milk yield, stage of lactation and parity. The study was conducted for the period of five months including 7 days metabolic trial. Group 1: Wheat straw (WS) + Green maize (GM) + Concentrate mixture (CM) (Control); Group 2: Soybean straw (SS) and WS (20:80) + GM + CM; Group 3: SS and WS (40:60) + GM + CM); Group 4: SS and WS (60:40) + GM + CM. Average dry matter intake were 10.83, 10.23, 9.73 and 9.43 kg in T1, T2, T3 and T4 groups, respectively. While, average milk yield was 7.89±0.29, 6.89±0.30, 6.84±0.38 and 6.27±0.34 kg in T1, T2, T3 and T4 groups, respectively. The average intake of digested dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, crude fiber and nitrogen free extract in animals of T1, T2, T3 and T4 groups, respectivel...
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of protected ground nut cake (GNC) on bloo... more The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of protected ground nut cake (GNC) on blood biochemical profile of growing goats. Results of study indicated that blood biochemical parameters comprising total protein, albumin and globulin were significantly (P<0.05) higher in kids fed on formaldehyde treated GNC based ration, but average blood urea nitrogen concentration significantly (P<0.01) decreased in kids fed on formaldehyde treated GNC based ration.
An experiment was conducted on 14 barbari goat kids to evaluate the effect of protected ground nu... more An experiment was conducted on 14 barbari goat kids to evaluate the effect of protected ground nut cake (GNC) on performance of growing kids for 90 days. In treatment T1 (control) kids were given untreated GNC on growth performance Significant (P<0.05) higher body weight and average daily weight gain were recorded with kids fed on protected GNC based ration as compared to kids that were not fed bypass protein based ration (control group). Dry matter intake (DMI) of kids was not affected by feeding bypass protein based ration. Feed efficiency ratio (FER) was better (P<0.05) in kids fed on formaldehyde treated GNC based ration (0.17±0.00) then untreated GNC based ration (0.15±0.00
This study was carried out to see the immunomodulatory effect of varying levels of Withania somni... more This study was carried out to see the immunomodulatory effect of varying levels of Withania somnifera (ashwagandha), Boerhaavia diffusa (punarnava) and Emblica officinalis (amla) powders in broilers. Two thirty four day old chicks were randomly distributed into 10 dietary treatments each having 3 replicates of six chicks. Out of 10 dietary treatments, treatment one (T1) acted as control, remaining 9 treatments were formulated by supplementing various herbal powders (ashwagandha, punarnava and amla) in varied levels (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5%) to T1. Thus, T2, T3 and T4 were supplemented with ashwagandha powder, T5, T6 and T7 were supplemented with punarnava powder and T8, T9, and T10 diets had amla powder, respectively. Thus, T2 group produced significantly higher (p<0.05) weight of lymphoid organs. HI titre was found to increase with the increase in the level of ashwagandha powder (T3) except at T4. Cell mediated immunity (CMI) in terms of skin thickness increased in T2. In Punarnava po...
Twenty-eight experimental lactating Murrah buffaloes were selected and divided into four groups o... more Twenty-eight experimental lactating Murrah buffaloes were selected and divided into four groups on the basis of their body weight, milk yield, parity and stage of lactation. The experiment was conducted for a period of 5 months. The different dietary groups were T1: Normal feed (control), T2: Feed + 50 g chandrasoor seed powder (CSP), T3: Feed + 100g CSP and T4: Feed + 150 g CSP. The average dry matter intakes (DMI) observed in the buffaloes of the T1, T2, T3 and T4 groups were 13.53, 13.80, 13.88 and 14.33 kg, respectively. While the body weight gains in the buffaloes were 10.71, 15.71, 18.57 and 10.71 kg in groups T1, T2, T3 and T4, respectively, during the experiment. Total milk yields for the period of 5 months in the buffaloes of the T1, T2, T3 and T4 groups were 1178.3, 1232.4, 1240.8 and 1257.9 litres, respectively.
This experiment was designed to evaluate the effects of xylanase supplementation on performance, ... more This experiment was designed to evaluate the effects of xylanase supplementation on performance, nutrient digestibility and carcass traits of broilers. Seventy five day old chicks were randomly divided into 3 treatments, each treatment consisted of five replicates with 5 chicks in each replicate. Broilers were fed with standard diet to meet the nutrient requirements. There were 3 dietary treatments. T1 was standard broiler diet (positive control) without enzyme supplementation. T2 was same as T1 except in this diet energy was reduced by 100 kcal ME/kg diet (negative control). T3 was same as T2 except that it was supplemented with enzyme xylanase (@100 g/tonne). Significantly (P<0.05) higher average weight (2553.80±67.47 g), better feed efficiency (0.541±0.006) and performance index (1382.40±54.07) were observed in broilers fed T3 diet. Feed intake was similar in all the treatments. The retention of protein improved (P<0.05) due to supplementation of xylanase enzyme. Supplementation of xylanase in negative control diet increased (P<0.05) the dressed, eviscerated and drawn weight of broilers. Therefore, low energy diet supplemented with xylanase @ 100 g/tonne improved growth, nutrient utilization and carcass characteristics in broilers.
The present study was conducted to study the effect of fortified soymilk as milk replacer on grow... more The present study was conducted to study the effect of fortified soymilk as milk replacer on growth performance and feeding economics of Murrah buffalo calves. Twenty four Murrah buffalo calves of (5 days age) were randomly distributed to four dietary treatment groups (T1, T2, T3 and T4). T1 was control group in which calves were reared on buffalo milk only. In T2 and T3 groups calves were fed with buffalo milk and soymilk fortified with vitamins and minerals in the ratio 40:60 and 20:80 respectively. Group T4 was same as T3 except that in this group fortified soymilk was again supplemented with enzymes (proteinase + xylanase + pectinase). Fortnightly body weight (kg) and average daily weight gain (g/d) of the calves were found statistically similar among different dietary treatments groups. Overall dry matter intake (g/d) was significantly (P<0.05) higher in calves of control group as compared to other groups. Minimum feed cost per kg weight gain was observed in T4 group. The pr...
Milk is one of the healthiest foods and consumption of dairy products is linked with overall diet... more Milk is one of the healthiest foods and consumption of dairy products is linked with overall diet quality as it is rich in essential nutrients like minerals, vitamins and easily digestible proteins with balanced amino acid profile. Intake of dairy foods is also associated with favorable health effects ahead of pure nutritional value. It has been documented for many years that diet plays an important role as a risk factor for chronic diseases in humans. Consequently, a great attention is being given to manipulate the fatty acid (FA) profile of milk fat to respond to consumer concerns. Till date, major emphasis has been given to increase the amount of milk but in today’s scenario, more emphasis should be given to increase the quality of milk. The lower level of saturated fatty acids (SFA) in milk is desired in conjunction with an increased amount of cis-mono unsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) and cispoly unsaturated fatty acid (PUFA).There are many factors which affect concentration of FA ...
Phosphorus (P) bioavailability from different sources i.e. Dicalcium phosphate (DCP), monosodium ... more Phosphorus (P) bioavailability from different sources i.e. Dicalcium phosphate (DCP), monosodium phosphate (SP) and Diammonium phosphate (DAP) using adult rats was determined in the present study. Relative bioavailability (RBV) and phosphorus retention using three balanced diets (T1, T2 and T3) were estimated. Initial phosphorus content in rat carcass was 0.912 g. While, the final phosphorus content in all the three groups i.e. T1, T2 and T3 were 1.65, 1.85 and 1.66 g, respectively. Feed efficiency in all the three groups was numerically very close i.e. 0.3, 0.3 and 0.33 in T1, T2 and T3, respectively. Net phosphorus retained in the body of rats during the period of 30 days was 0.744, 0.934 and 0.745 g in T1, T2 and T3 group, respectively. And thus finally relative bioavailability was calculated using initial and final P content which were 93.93% for dicalcium phosphate, 96.88% for monosodium phosphate and 87.03% for diammonium phosphate.
A study was carried out to elucidate the effect of strategic dietary supplementation on the econo... more A study was carried out to elucidate the effect of strategic dietary supplementation on the economics of milk production in lactating buffaloes. The body weight of the animals was recorded before and after the experiment. Body weight recorded before the start of experiment in different groups was 554.5 + 4.66, 540.16 + 5.62, 552.9 + 4.36 and 542.1 + 7.26 kg while, at the end of experiment it was 557.20 + 5.0, 545.24 + 4.1, 547.99 + 4.1 and 538.88 + 5.0 kg, respectively. Milk yield of the animals recorded in different groups during the experimental period was 7.48 + 0.65, 7.54 + 0.54, 7.23 + 0.54 and 7.18 + 0.65 kg, respectively. The quantity of feed reduction was 1.28 and 1.65 kg/ animal/day in Groups 3 and 4 as compared to control group of animals. The economics of milk production calculated in different groups was 12.27, 12.09, 11.25 and 10.86 Rs of feed/ kg of milk production by the animals.
Flavonoids (also named as bioflavonoids) are naturally occurring secondary plant metabolites foun... more Flavonoids (also named as bioflavonoids) are naturally occurring secondary plant metabolites found in all plant species and known to exhibit a number of benefits. Due to their possible role in health promoting and preventing from chronic diseases, they could be known as “functional ingredients” and “health promoting biomolecules”. Flavonoids have shown various biological effects including antibacterial, antiviral, gut modulatory, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, hypocholesteremic and immunomodulator activities. Many evidences confirms that phytochemicals like flavonoids could improve genomic stability and cellular integrity by reducing oxidative stress at cellular level. Because of these biological effects flavonoids can eventually decreases risk of infectious diseases and could increase animal's performance. Dietary supplementation with flavonoids could be used as a plan to improve and enhance meat and egg quality in commercial poultry, in addition to other positive effects on po...
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of protected ground nut cake (GNC) on inta... more The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of protected ground nut cake (GNC) on intake of nutrient and their utilization in growing goats. Fourteen goat kids (8.22 kg body weight and 3 month of age) were randomly divided into 2 groups of 07 kids each. In control group kids were given untreated GNC, while in treatment group they were fed concentrate mixed with formaldehyde treated GNC. Each kid was stall fed on concentrate and roughage, in the ratio of 50:50. Feeding trial was conducted for 90 days. Results of study indicated that the digestible crude protein intake (g per day, % body weight and per kg W 0.75) and total digestible nutrient intake (kg per day, % body weight and per kg W 0.75) in kids fed on bypass protein based ration were significantly (p<0.05) higher as compared to kids those were not fed bypass protein based ration. Similarly, % digestibility coefficient of DM, CP, EE, CF and NFE were significantly (p<0.05) higher in protected protein group as co...
The study was conducted to observe the effect of green maize along with soyabean straw over diges... more The study was conducted to observe the effect of green maize along with soyabean straw over digestibility of nutrients and the performance of crossbred lactating cows. Sixteen lactating crossbred cows were divided into four groups on the basis of their body wt., milk yield, stage of lactation and parity. The study was conducted for the period of five months including 7 days metabolic trial. Group 1: Wheat straw (WS) + Green maize (GM) + Concentrate mixture (CM) (Control); Group 2: Soybean straw (SS) and WS (20:80) + GM + CM; Group 3: SS and WS (40:60) + GM + CM); Group 4: SS and WS (60:40) + GM + CM. Average dry matter intake were 10.83, 10.23, 9.73 and 9.43 kg in T1, T2, T3 and T4 groups, respectively. While, average milk yield was 7.89±0.29, 6.89±0.30, 6.84±0.38 and 6.27±0.34 kg in T1, T2, T3 and T4 groups, respectively. The average intake of digested dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, crude fiber and nitrogen free extract in animals of T1, T2, T3 and T4 groups, respectivel...
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of protected ground nut cake (GNC) on bloo... more The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of protected ground nut cake (GNC) on blood biochemical profile of growing goats. Results of study indicated that blood biochemical parameters comprising total protein, albumin and globulin were significantly (P<0.05) higher in kids fed on formaldehyde treated GNC based ration, but average blood urea nitrogen concentration significantly (P<0.01) decreased in kids fed on formaldehyde treated GNC based ration.
An experiment was conducted on 14 barbari goat kids to evaluate the effect of protected ground nu... more An experiment was conducted on 14 barbari goat kids to evaluate the effect of protected ground nut cake (GNC) on performance of growing kids for 90 days. In treatment T1 (control) kids were given untreated GNC on growth performance Significant (P<0.05) higher body weight and average daily weight gain were recorded with kids fed on protected GNC based ration as compared to kids that were not fed bypass protein based ration (control group). Dry matter intake (DMI) of kids was not affected by feeding bypass protein based ration. Feed efficiency ratio (FER) was better (P<0.05) in kids fed on formaldehyde treated GNC based ration (0.17±0.00) then untreated GNC based ration (0.15±0.00
This study was carried out to see the immunomodulatory effect of varying levels of Withania somni... more This study was carried out to see the immunomodulatory effect of varying levels of Withania somnifera (ashwagandha), Boerhaavia diffusa (punarnava) and Emblica officinalis (amla) powders in broilers. Two thirty four day old chicks were randomly distributed into 10 dietary treatments each having 3 replicates of six chicks. Out of 10 dietary treatments, treatment one (T1) acted as control, remaining 9 treatments were formulated by supplementing various herbal powders (ashwagandha, punarnava and amla) in varied levels (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5%) to T1. Thus, T2, T3 and T4 were supplemented with ashwagandha powder, T5, T6 and T7 were supplemented with punarnava powder and T8, T9, and T10 diets had amla powder, respectively. Thus, T2 group produced significantly higher (p<0.05) weight of lymphoid organs. HI titre was found to increase with the increase in the level of ashwagandha powder (T3) except at T4. Cell mediated immunity (CMI) in terms of skin thickness increased in T2. In Punarnava po...
Twenty-eight experimental lactating Murrah buffaloes were selected and divided into four groups o... more Twenty-eight experimental lactating Murrah buffaloes were selected and divided into four groups on the basis of their body weight, milk yield, parity and stage of lactation. The experiment was conducted for a period of 5 months. The different dietary groups were T1: Normal feed (control), T2: Feed + 50 g chandrasoor seed powder (CSP), T3: Feed + 100g CSP and T4: Feed + 150 g CSP. The average dry matter intakes (DMI) observed in the buffaloes of the T1, T2, T3 and T4 groups were 13.53, 13.80, 13.88 and 14.33 kg, respectively. While the body weight gains in the buffaloes were 10.71, 15.71, 18.57 and 10.71 kg in groups T1, T2, T3 and T4, respectively, during the experiment. Total milk yields for the period of 5 months in the buffaloes of the T1, T2, T3 and T4 groups were 1178.3, 1232.4, 1240.8 and 1257.9 litres, respectively.
This experiment was designed to evaluate the effects of xylanase supplementation on performance, ... more This experiment was designed to evaluate the effects of xylanase supplementation on performance, nutrient digestibility and carcass traits of broilers. Seventy five day old chicks were randomly divided into 3 treatments, each treatment consisted of five replicates with 5 chicks in each replicate. Broilers were fed with standard diet to meet the nutrient requirements. There were 3 dietary treatments. T1 was standard broiler diet (positive control) without enzyme supplementation. T2 was same as T1 except in this diet energy was reduced by 100 kcal ME/kg diet (negative control). T3 was same as T2 except that it was supplemented with enzyme xylanase (@100 g/tonne). Significantly (P<0.05) higher average weight (2553.80±67.47 g), better feed efficiency (0.541±0.006) and performance index (1382.40±54.07) were observed in broilers fed T3 diet. Feed intake was similar in all the treatments. The retention of protein improved (P<0.05) due to supplementation of xylanase enzyme. Supplementation of xylanase in negative control diet increased (P<0.05) the dressed, eviscerated and drawn weight of broilers. Therefore, low energy diet supplemented with xylanase @ 100 g/tonne improved growth, nutrient utilization and carcass characteristics in broilers.
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