An experimentation was carried out to understand the effect of fly ash as cement replacement mate... more An experimentation was carried out to understand the effect of fly ash as cement replacement material on corroded-reinforced concrete beams under the bending test. The beams were tested for corrosion levels of 0, 10, and 15%. An accelerated corrosion process is incorporated to corrode-reinforced concrete beam in the laboratory. Actual corrosion of transverse and longitudinal reinforcement in the beam was obtained by extracting reinforcement bars from concrete. Flexural strength and load-deflection relationships are studied for corroded-reinforced concrete beams. The corrosion resistance and measurement of degradation of steel are taken into account and compared by adding varying percentage of fly ash as partial replacement of the cement. During the study, fly ash variation of 0, 10, and 15% is considered, and load-deflection relationships are developed for corrosion resistance. It has been observed that corrosion resistance with 15% fly ash variation shows better results.
Plain concrete has a very low tensile strength and is susceptible to cracking before the ultimate... more Plain concrete has a very low tensile strength and is susceptible to cracking before the ultimate load. Various types of fibers aid in the resistance of fractures in concrete constructions. The present study aims to understand the engineering properties of M40 grade concrete for the varying percentage of fibers [polypropylene fibers (PF) and basalt fibers (BF)] from 0.2% to 0.8% by 0.2% incrementally for 7 days and 28 days of curing. The optimum percentage of BF and PF were 0.6 and 0.4% by weight of concrete, respectively. Moreover, it was found that BF and PF can potentially increase the compressive strength by 12.90%, split tensile strength by 28.33%, and flexural strength by 16.98%; and the compressive strength by 11.04%, split tensile strength by 18.18%, and flexural strength by 15.47% at optimum percentage on 28 days of curing when compared to plain concrete. Moreover, the optimum percentage of BF and PF decreases the mobility of the concrete in its fresh form by acting as a barrier to the movement of coarse material by 28.57 and 7.14%, respectively, at their optimum percentage.
The primary objective of this experimental study is to examine the response and energy absorption... more The primary objective of this experimental study is to examine the response and energy absorption capacity of ferrocement panels exposed to low-and high-velocity impact loads. The panels are reinforced with two different types of mesh layers, namely, welded wire grid (WWG) and expanded wire grid (EWG), with varying percentages of steel fibers (SF). The ferrocement panel system is made up of cement mortar reinforced with 0−2% SF with an increment of 1% and wire grid layers arranged in three different layers 1, 2, and 3. A consistent water−cement ratio (w/c) of 0.4 is maintained during mortar preparation, and all panels are subjected to a 28-day curing process in water. The study utilized square-shaped ferrocement panels measuring 290 mm × 290 mm × 50 mm. The panels are exposed to repeated impact blows from a 2.5 kg falling mass dropped from a height of 0.80 m. The count of blows necessary to commence the first crack formation and the cause of ultimate failure are recorded for each panel. The study reports that an increase in SF content and the number of wire grid layers increased the number of blows needed for both the first crack and the ultimate failure. In the high-velocity impact test, 7.62 mm bullets are fired at the panels from a distance of 10 m with a striking velocity of 715 m/s. The study observed and analyzed the extent of spalling, scabbing, and perforation. The results showed that an increase in fiber content and the number of wire grid layers led to a decrease in the area of scabbing and spalling compared with the control specimens. It was also possible to see the mode of failure and crack pattern for impacts with low and high velocities.
Journal of Building Pathology and Rehabilitation , 2023
The corrosion of reinforcing bars is the primary cause of deterioration in reinforced concrete (R... more The corrosion of reinforcing bars is the primary cause of deterioration in reinforced concrete (RC) structures. A study was carried out experimentally to investigate the effect of corrosion on the flexural strength of the RC beams with FA as a corrosion inhibitor. An accelerated corrosion aging technique was employed to induce corrosion in the embedded reinforcing bars within the concrete. By using the half-cell potential test, the corrosion-resisting characteristics of longitudinal and transverse reinforcement blended with FA contents of 10%, 20%, and 30% have been evaluated and Results show that FA blended with 30% exhibits greater corrosion resistance. The actual amount of corrosion in both transverse and longitudinal reinforcement within the beam was evaluated by extracting the reinforcement bars from the concrete. The flexural strength, load-deflection curve, and moment-curvature relationships of both uncorroded and corroded RC beams were analyzed. The flexural strength of the corroded RC beams was increased up to 20% cement replacement by FA. It was found that maximum flexural strength significantly decreased when the degree of corrosion increased from 10 to 15%. The increase in the degree of corrosion is significant in causing a reduction in the ductility ratio of beams to absorb energy. Furthermore, the increase in the volume of rust caused radial pressure on the concrete surface, resulting in various cracking mechanisms. Based on the findings, it is evident that corrosion exerts a substantial influence on the behavior of the reinforcing bar, as well as on the load-bearing capacity, stiffness, and deflection of the beam.
Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education Vol.12 No.13 (2021), 62-70, 2021
Geo-polymer concrete, deemed by the researchers as the new age concrete is considered as a replac... more Geo-polymer concrete, deemed by the researchers as the new age concrete is considered as a replacement to its conventional counterpart Portland cement concrete. Already a lot of research work has gone into development and opportunities for Geo-polymer concrete or cement less concrete as they call it. Everyone is now vary of the environmental impact of usage of cement and still it is worldwide the most broadly used constituent for almost all construction purposes. Geopolymer concrete uses pozzolans and other cementitious materials to replace completely the Portland cement that is used on a large scale for producing concrete. Apart from water it uses solutions known as alkali activators to react with the source materials to form geocement through a process called Geo-polymerization. This Geo-polymer concrete has been studied by researchers in the past years and these studies conclude that Geo-polymer concrete is superior to the cement concrete from the structural and durability consideration. But Geo-polymer concrete suffers from some major drawbacks like being weak in tension just like its conventional counterpart and it needs accelerated curing for gaining its high early strength. In this research, we had understood the result of different fibres on the inherent properties of Geo-polymer concrete.
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET), 2020
Pune metro network is one of the major national projects in India. It aimed at developing an elev... more Pune metro network is one of the major national projects in India. It aimed at developing an elevated and underground transportation system to solve the severe traffic problems in Pune. The underground line includes 5 underground stations which are Shivajinagar, Civil court, Budhwar Peth, Mandai, Swargate and tunnels. The tunnel for Pune Metro Line 2 has a circular cross section of 5.8m internal diameter that consists of a precast segmental lining thickness of 0.275m. This report presents a parametric study on the effects of seismic waves on the tunnel structure through numerical modelling employing the finite – element analysis. Full dynamic analyses were performed employing earthquake motion of maximum magnitude earthquake in Maharashtra which is Koyna earthquake in 1967 of 6.5 magnitude. The analysis of soil-structure interaction was done using the commercial software Rocscience-RS2. The results proved that the 275 mm thick circular cross section can safely sustain the expected static, dynamic and seismic stresses. This research work focuses on the behavior of Segmental lining used for the Pune metro tunnel under seismic loading. Detailed behavior of Pune metro tunnel, designing of Metro tunnel along with seismic loading and its behavior have been studied. Finite element modelling by using software RS2 has been done for 6 cases
International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, 2017
Soils exhibit highly plasticity characteristics, low strength properties and high swell-shrink ch... more Soils exhibit highly plasticity characteristics, low strength properties and high swell-shrink characteristics. The alternative swell-shrink seasons causes distress to the structures and the pavements constructed on them. Maintenance and repair costs of the distressed structures and pavements are quite high. It is therefore necessary either to bring suitable soils from far off borrow areas or to stabilize locally available soils to improve their engineering properties.In the present study laboratory studies are carried out on four types of soils viz Black cotton soil, Sandy gravel soil, Sandy silty and Loamy soil stabilized with coarse sand. Wet sieve analysis, Atterberg limits, modified compaction and California bearing ratio test were carried out on native soils and 10%, 20% and 30% coarse sand blended soils.It is found that in wet sieve analysis sand content has increased by increasing the percentage of coarse sand when compared to native soils.It is also seen from compaction test by increasing the percentage of coarse sand the dry density has increased and moisture content has reduced marginally when compared with native soil. From California bearing ratio test it is seen that the strength is gradually increased by increasing the percentage of coarse sand. Finally the cost of construction has been evaluated and it can be reduced for locally available low bearing strength soil by stabilizing it with coarse sand.
International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, 2017
The present study describes the results of testing flat ferrocement panels reinforced with differ... more The present study describes the results of testing flat ferrocement panels reinforced with different number of wire mesh layer and variation in panel thickness. The main objective of these experimental tests is to study the effect of using different numbers of wire mesh layers and thickness variation on the flexural strength of flat ferrocement panels and to compare the effect of varying the number of wire mesh layers on the ductility and the ultimate strength of this type of ferrocement structure. In this study, all the specimens were divided into four groups to investigate the strength and behaviour of ferrocement flat panels subjected to two-point loading. Forty-eight ferrocement elements were constructed and tested. The used number of wire mesh layers is single, two, three and four layers; also, thicknesses of panels are 20mm, 30mm, 40mm and 50 mm.
International Journal of Engineering Research in Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IJERMCE), 2017
Reviewinvestigate the impact of the Golden Quadrilateral (GQ) highway project on the Indianorgani... more Reviewinvestigate the impact of the Golden Quadrilateral (GQ) highway project on the Indianorganized manufacturing sector using enterprise data. The GQ project upgraded the quality and width of5,846 km of roads in India. Use a difference-in-difference estimation strategy to compare non-nodaldistricts based upon their distance from the highway system. here find several positive effects for non-nodal districts located 0-10 km from GQ that are not present in districts 10- 50 km away, most notablyhigher entry rates and increases in plant productivity. These results are not present for districts located onanother major highway system, the North-South East-West corridor (NS-EW). Improvements for portionsof the NS-EW system were planned to occur at the same time as GQ but were subsequently delayed.Additional tests show that the GQ project’s effect operates in part through a stronger sorting of land-intensive industries from nodal districts to non-nodal districts located on the GQ network. The GQupgrades further helped spread economic activity to moderate-density districts and intermediate cities.
International Conference on recent trends in engineering & Technology -2013(ICRTET2013), 2013
For rapid growing residential and industrial sectors advanced technology is required. Hence devel... more For rapid growing residential and industrial sectors advanced technology is required. Hence development of differential materials of constructions, low cost housing and time saving construction methods are some of the different measures that research works and engineers have been attempting towards meeting this challenge. Ferrocement has been described as a densely reinforced mortar formed in a thin section, which behaves as a composite material. Ferrocement with meshes is composed of two basic components i.e. the matrix and micro- reinforcement. The matrix consist of sand grain less than 2mm and port land cement. The welded woven or cut-and- draw mesh is used as a micro reinforcement. Mechanical property of ferrocement depends on mechanical property of its components and on its structure.
An experimentation was carried out to understand the effect of fly ash as cement replacement mate... more An experimentation was carried out to understand the effect of fly ash as cement replacement material on corroded-reinforced concrete beams under the bending test. The beams were tested for corrosion levels of 0, 10, and 15%. An accelerated corrosion process is incorporated to corrode-reinforced concrete beam in the laboratory. Actual corrosion of transverse and longitudinal reinforcement in the beam was obtained by extracting reinforcement bars from concrete. Flexural strength and load-deflection relationships are studied for corroded-reinforced concrete beams. The corrosion resistance and measurement of degradation of steel are taken into account and compared by adding varying percentage of fly ash as partial replacement of the cement. During the study, fly ash variation of 0, 10, and 15% is considered, and load-deflection relationships are developed for corrosion resistance. It has been observed that corrosion resistance with 15% fly ash variation shows better results.
Plain concrete has a very low tensile strength and is susceptible to cracking before the ultimate... more Plain concrete has a very low tensile strength and is susceptible to cracking before the ultimate load. Various types of fibers aid in the resistance of fractures in concrete constructions. The present study aims to understand the engineering properties of M40 grade concrete for the varying percentage of fibers [polypropylene fibers (PF) and basalt fibers (BF)] from 0.2% to 0.8% by 0.2% incrementally for 7 days and 28 days of curing. The optimum percentage of BF and PF were 0.6 and 0.4% by weight of concrete, respectively. Moreover, it was found that BF and PF can potentially increase the compressive strength by 12.90%, split tensile strength by 28.33%, and flexural strength by 16.98%; and the compressive strength by 11.04%, split tensile strength by 18.18%, and flexural strength by 15.47% at optimum percentage on 28 days of curing when compared to plain concrete. Moreover, the optimum percentage of BF and PF decreases the mobility of the concrete in its fresh form by acting as a barrier to the movement of coarse material by 28.57 and 7.14%, respectively, at their optimum percentage.
The primary objective of this experimental study is to examine the response and energy absorption... more The primary objective of this experimental study is to examine the response and energy absorption capacity of ferrocement panels exposed to low-and high-velocity impact loads. The panels are reinforced with two different types of mesh layers, namely, welded wire grid (WWG) and expanded wire grid (EWG), with varying percentages of steel fibers (SF). The ferrocement panel system is made up of cement mortar reinforced with 0−2% SF with an increment of 1% and wire grid layers arranged in three different layers 1, 2, and 3. A consistent water−cement ratio (w/c) of 0.4 is maintained during mortar preparation, and all panels are subjected to a 28-day curing process in water. The study utilized square-shaped ferrocement panels measuring 290 mm × 290 mm × 50 mm. The panels are exposed to repeated impact blows from a 2.5 kg falling mass dropped from a height of 0.80 m. The count of blows necessary to commence the first crack formation and the cause of ultimate failure are recorded for each panel. The study reports that an increase in SF content and the number of wire grid layers increased the number of blows needed for both the first crack and the ultimate failure. In the high-velocity impact test, 7.62 mm bullets are fired at the panels from a distance of 10 m with a striking velocity of 715 m/s. The study observed and analyzed the extent of spalling, scabbing, and perforation. The results showed that an increase in fiber content and the number of wire grid layers led to a decrease in the area of scabbing and spalling compared with the control specimens. It was also possible to see the mode of failure and crack pattern for impacts with low and high velocities.
Journal of Building Pathology and Rehabilitation , 2023
The corrosion of reinforcing bars is the primary cause of deterioration in reinforced concrete (R... more The corrosion of reinforcing bars is the primary cause of deterioration in reinforced concrete (RC) structures. A study was carried out experimentally to investigate the effect of corrosion on the flexural strength of the RC beams with FA as a corrosion inhibitor. An accelerated corrosion aging technique was employed to induce corrosion in the embedded reinforcing bars within the concrete. By using the half-cell potential test, the corrosion-resisting characteristics of longitudinal and transverse reinforcement blended with FA contents of 10%, 20%, and 30% have been evaluated and Results show that FA blended with 30% exhibits greater corrosion resistance. The actual amount of corrosion in both transverse and longitudinal reinforcement within the beam was evaluated by extracting the reinforcement bars from the concrete. The flexural strength, load-deflection curve, and moment-curvature relationships of both uncorroded and corroded RC beams were analyzed. The flexural strength of the corroded RC beams was increased up to 20% cement replacement by FA. It was found that maximum flexural strength significantly decreased when the degree of corrosion increased from 10 to 15%. The increase in the degree of corrosion is significant in causing a reduction in the ductility ratio of beams to absorb energy. Furthermore, the increase in the volume of rust caused radial pressure on the concrete surface, resulting in various cracking mechanisms. Based on the findings, it is evident that corrosion exerts a substantial influence on the behavior of the reinforcing bar, as well as on the load-bearing capacity, stiffness, and deflection of the beam.
Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education Vol.12 No.13 (2021), 62-70, 2021
Geo-polymer concrete, deemed by the researchers as the new age concrete is considered as a replac... more Geo-polymer concrete, deemed by the researchers as the new age concrete is considered as a replacement to its conventional counterpart Portland cement concrete. Already a lot of research work has gone into development and opportunities for Geo-polymer concrete or cement less concrete as they call it. Everyone is now vary of the environmental impact of usage of cement and still it is worldwide the most broadly used constituent for almost all construction purposes. Geopolymer concrete uses pozzolans and other cementitious materials to replace completely the Portland cement that is used on a large scale for producing concrete. Apart from water it uses solutions known as alkali activators to react with the source materials to form geocement through a process called Geo-polymerization. This Geo-polymer concrete has been studied by researchers in the past years and these studies conclude that Geo-polymer concrete is superior to the cement concrete from the structural and durability consideration. But Geo-polymer concrete suffers from some major drawbacks like being weak in tension just like its conventional counterpart and it needs accelerated curing for gaining its high early strength. In this research, we had understood the result of different fibres on the inherent properties of Geo-polymer concrete.
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET), 2020
Pune metro network is one of the major national projects in India. It aimed at developing an elev... more Pune metro network is one of the major national projects in India. It aimed at developing an elevated and underground transportation system to solve the severe traffic problems in Pune. The underground line includes 5 underground stations which are Shivajinagar, Civil court, Budhwar Peth, Mandai, Swargate and tunnels. The tunnel for Pune Metro Line 2 has a circular cross section of 5.8m internal diameter that consists of a precast segmental lining thickness of 0.275m. This report presents a parametric study on the effects of seismic waves on the tunnel structure through numerical modelling employing the finite – element analysis. Full dynamic analyses were performed employing earthquake motion of maximum magnitude earthquake in Maharashtra which is Koyna earthquake in 1967 of 6.5 magnitude. The analysis of soil-structure interaction was done using the commercial software Rocscience-RS2. The results proved that the 275 mm thick circular cross section can safely sustain the expected static, dynamic and seismic stresses. This research work focuses on the behavior of Segmental lining used for the Pune metro tunnel under seismic loading. Detailed behavior of Pune metro tunnel, designing of Metro tunnel along with seismic loading and its behavior have been studied. Finite element modelling by using software RS2 has been done for 6 cases
International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, 2017
Soils exhibit highly plasticity characteristics, low strength properties and high swell-shrink ch... more Soils exhibit highly plasticity characteristics, low strength properties and high swell-shrink characteristics. The alternative swell-shrink seasons causes distress to the structures and the pavements constructed on them. Maintenance and repair costs of the distressed structures and pavements are quite high. It is therefore necessary either to bring suitable soils from far off borrow areas or to stabilize locally available soils to improve their engineering properties.In the present study laboratory studies are carried out on four types of soils viz Black cotton soil, Sandy gravel soil, Sandy silty and Loamy soil stabilized with coarse sand. Wet sieve analysis, Atterberg limits, modified compaction and California bearing ratio test were carried out on native soils and 10%, 20% and 30% coarse sand blended soils.It is found that in wet sieve analysis sand content has increased by increasing the percentage of coarse sand when compared to native soils.It is also seen from compaction test by increasing the percentage of coarse sand the dry density has increased and moisture content has reduced marginally when compared with native soil. From California bearing ratio test it is seen that the strength is gradually increased by increasing the percentage of coarse sand. Finally the cost of construction has been evaluated and it can be reduced for locally available low bearing strength soil by stabilizing it with coarse sand.
International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, 2017
The present study describes the results of testing flat ferrocement panels reinforced with differ... more The present study describes the results of testing flat ferrocement panels reinforced with different number of wire mesh layer and variation in panel thickness. The main objective of these experimental tests is to study the effect of using different numbers of wire mesh layers and thickness variation on the flexural strength of flat ferrocement panels and to compare the effect of varying the number of wire mesh layers on the ductility and the ultimate strength of this type of ferrocement structure. In this study, all the specimens were divided into four groups to investigate the strength and behaviour of ferrocement flat panels subjected to two-point loading. Forty-eight ferrocement elements were constructed and tested. The used number of wire mesh layers is single, two, three and four layers; also, thicknesses of panels are 20mm, 30mm, 40mm and 50 mm.
International Journal of Engineering Research in Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IJERMCE), 2017
Reviewinvestigate the impact of the Golden Quadrilateral (GQ) highway project on the Indianorgani... more Reviewinvestigate the impact of the Golden Quadrilateral (GQ) highway project on the Indianorganized manufacturing sector using enterprise data. The GQ project upgraded the quality and width of5,846 km of roads in India. Use a difference-in-difference estimation strategy to compare non-nodaldistricts based upon their distance from the highway system. here find several positive effects for non-nodal districts located 0-10 km from GQ that are not present in districts 10- 50 km away, most notablyhigher entry rates and increases in plant productivity. These results are not present for districts located onanother major highway system, the North-South East-West corridor (NS-EW). Improvements for portionsof the NS-EW system were planned to occur at the same time as GQ but were subsequently delayed.Additional tests show that the GQ project’s effect operates in part through a stronger sorting of land-intensive industries from nodal districts to non-nodal districts located on the GQ network. The GQupgrades further helped spread economic activity to moderate-density districts and intermediate cities.
International Conference on recent trends in engineering & Technology -2013(ICRTET2013), 2013
For rapid growing residential and industrial sectors advanced technology is required. Hence devel... more For rapid growing residential and industrial sectors advanced technology is required. Hence development of differential materials of constructions, low cost housing and time saving construction methods are some of the different measures that research works and engineers have been attempting towards meeting this challenge. Ferrocement has been described as a densely reinforced mortar formed in a thin section, which behaves as a composite material. Ferrocement with meshes is composed of two basic components i.e. the matrix and micro- reinforcement. The matrix consist of sand grain less than 2mm and port land cement. The welded woven or cut-and- draw mesh is used as a micro reinforcement. Mechanical property of ferrocement depends on mechanical property of its components and on its structure.
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conventional counterpart Portland cement concrete. Already a lot of research work has gone into development and
opportunities for Geo-polymer concrete or cement less concrete as they call it. Everyone is now vary of the environmental
impact of usage of cement and still it is worldwide the most broadly used constituent for almost all construction purposes. Geopolymer concrete uses pozzolans and other cementitious materials to replace completely the Portland cement that is used on a
large scale for producing concrete. Apart from water it uses solutions known as alkali activators to react with the source
materials to form geocement through a process called Geo-polymerization. This Geo-polymer concrete has been studied by
researchers in the past years and these studies conclude that Geo-polymer concrete is superior to the cement concrete from the
structural and durability consideration. But Geo-polymer concrete suffers from some major drawbacks like being weak in
tension just like its conventional counterpart and it needs accelerated curing for gaining its high early strength. In this research,
we had understood the result of different fibres on the inherent properties of Geo-polymer concrete.
underground transportation system to solve the severe traffic problems in Pune. The underground line includes 5 underground
stations which are Shivajinagar, Civil court, Budhwar Peth, Mandai, Swargate and tunnels. The tunnel for Pune Metro Line 2 has a
circular cross section of 5.8m internal diameter that consists of a precast segmental lining thickness of 0.275m. This report
presents a parametric study on the effects of seismic waves on the tunnel structure through numerical modelling employing the
finite – element analysis. Full dynamic analyses were performed employing earthquake motion of maximum magnitude earthquake
in Maharashtra which is Koyna earthquake in 1967 of 6.5 magnitude. The analysis of soil-structure interaction was done using the
commercial software Rocscience-RS2. The results proved that the 275 mm thick circular cross section can safely sustain the
expected static, dynamic and seismic stresses. This research work focuses on the behavior of Segmental lining used for the Pune
metro tunnel under seismic loading. Detailed behavior of Pune metro tunnel, designing of Metro tunnel along with seismic loading
and its behavior have been studied. Finite element modelling by using software RS2 has been done for 6 cases
The alternative swell-shrink seasons causes distress to the structures and the pavements constructed on them.
Maintenance and repair costs of the distressed structures and pavements are quite high. It is therefore necessary either to
bring suitable soils from far off borrow areas or to stabilize locally available soils to improve their engineering
properties.In the present study laboratory studies are carried out on four types of soils viz Black cotton soil, Sandy gravel
soil, Sandy silty and Loamy soil stabilized with coarse sand.
Wet sieve analysis, Atterberg limits, modified compaction and California bearing ratio test were carried out on native
soils and 10%, 20% and 30% coarse sand blended soils.It is found that in wet sieve analysis sand content has increased by
increasing the percentage of coarse sand when compared to native soils.It is also seen from compaction test by increasing
the percentage of coarse sand the dry density has increased and moisture content has reduced marginally when compared
with native soil. From California bearing ratio test it is seen that the strength is gradually increased by increasing the
percentage of coarse sand.
Finally the cost of construction has been evaluated and it can be reduced for locally available low bearing strength soil by
stabilizing it with coarse sand.
Ferrocement has been described as a densely reinforced mortar formed in a thin section, which behaves as a composite material. Ferrocement with meshes is composed of two basic components i.e. the matrix and micro- reinforcement. The matrix consist of sand grain less than 2mm and port land cement. The welded woven or cut-and- draw mesh is used as a micro reinforcement. Mechanical property of ferrocement depends on mechanical property of its components and on its structure.
conventional counterpart Portland cement concrete. Already a lot of research work has gone into development and
opportunities for Geo-polymer concrete or cement less concrete as they call it. Everyone is now vary of the environmental
impact of usage of cement and still it is worldwide the most broadly used constituent for almost all construction purposes. Geopolymer concrete uses pozzolans and other cementitious materials to replace completely the Portland cement that is used on a
large scale for producing concrete. Apart from water it uses solutions known as alkali activators to react with the source
materials to form geocement through a process called Geo-polymerization. This Geo-polymer concrete has been studied by
researchers in the past years and these studies conclude that Geo-polymer concrete is superior to the cement concrete from the
structural and durability consideration. But Geo-polymer concrete suffers from some major drawbacks like being weak in
tension just like its conventional counterpart and it needs accelerated curing for gaining its high early strength. In this research,
we had understood the result of different fibres on the inherent properties of Geo-polymer concrete.
underground transportation system to solve the severe traffic problems in Pune. The underground line includes 5 underground
stations which are Shivajinagar, Civil court, Budhwar Peth, Mandai, Swargate and tunnels. The tunnel for Pune Metro Line 2 has a
circular cross section of 5.8m internal diameter that consists of a precast segmental lining thickness of 0.275m. This report
presents a parametric study on the effects of seismic waves on the tunnel structure through numerical modelling employing the
finite – element analysis. Full dynamic analyses were performed employing earthquake motion of maximum magnitude earthquake
in Maharashtra which is Koyna earthquake in 1967 of 6.5 magnitude. The analysis of soil-structure interaction was done using the
commercial software Rocscience-RS2. The results proved that the 275 mm thick circular cross section can safely sustain the
expected static, dynamic and seismic stresses. This research work focuses on the behavior of Segmental lining used for the Pune
metro tunnel under seismic loading. Detailed behavior of Pune metro tunnel, designing of Metro tunnel along with seismic loading
and its behavior have been studied. Finite element modelling by using software RS2 has been done for 6 cases
The alternative swell-shrink seasons causes distress to the structures and the pavements constructed on them.
Maintenance and repair costs of the distressed structures and pavements are quite high. It is therefore necessary either to
bring suitable soils from far off borrow areas or to stabilize locally available soils to improve their engineering
properties.In the present study laboratory studies are carried out on four types of soils viz Black cotton soil, Sandy gravel
soil, Sandy silty and Loamy soil stabilized with coarse sand.
Wet sieve analysis, Atterberg limits, modified compaction and California bearing ratio test were carried out on native
soils and 10%, 20% and 30% coarse sand blended soils.It is found that in wet sieve analysis sand content has increased by
increasing the percentage of coarse sand when compared to native soils.It is also seen from compaction test by increasing
the percentage of coarse sand the dry density has increased and moisture content has reduced marginally when compared
with native soil. From California bearing ratio test it is seen that the strength is gradually increased by increasing the
percentage of coarse sand.
Finally the cost of construction has been evaluated and it can be reduced for locally available low bearing strength soil by
stabilizing it with coarse sand.
Ferrocement has been described as a densely reinforced mortar formed in a thin section, which behaves as a composite material. Ferrocement with meshes is composed of two basic components i.e. the matrix and micro- reinforcement. The matrix consist of sand grain less than 2mm and port land cement. The welded woven or cut-and- draw mesh is used as a micro reinforcement. Mechanical property of ferrocement depends on mechanical property of its components and on its structure.