Vanilla (Vanilla planifolia Andrews) is a high value crop cultivated for the production of Vanill... more Vanilla (Vanilla planifolia Andrews) is a high value crop cultivated for the production of Vanillin, one of the most valuable flavoring commodities in the food and beverage industry worldwide. Vanilla cultivation is severely hampered by the prevalence of various fungal diseases. Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotium rolfsii were isolated from naturally infected vanilla plants and an attempt was made to curtail the spoilage caused by the isolated fungal pathogens using biocontrol agents. Pseudomonas fluorescens P7 and Pseudomonas putida P4 were isolated from vanilla rhizosphere soil and checked for their capability to control fungal pathogens of vanilla both under In vitro and in vivo conditions. The endophytic colonisation ability of the selected rhizosphere bacteria were evaluated after genetically tagging them with a constitutively expressing green fluorescent protein gene (gfp). The green fluorescent endophytic bacteria were observed within the plant tissue when c...
Nanomedicine is an innovative approach to cancer therapy. The present study is in vitro anticance... more Nanomedicine is an innovative approach to cancer therapy. The present study is in vitro anticancer evaluation of chitosan-stabilized biogenic silver nanoparticles (Ch/Bio-AgNPs) on Si Ha (human cervical carcinoma) and MDA MB (human adenocarcinoma) cells. IC 50 values of Bio-AgNP and Ch/Bio-AgNP were studied by MTT assay, antiproliferative and cell apoptosis-inducing activities of the conjugate were examined by ethidium bromide/acridine orange double staining, RO analysis, DNA fragmentation, Caspase 7 and 9 assays and flow cytometry. Gene expression was studied by real-time PCR using the β-actin housekeeping gene. As a result, on MDA MB cells IC 50 value for Bio-AgNP and Ch/Bio-AgNP was 4.346 ± 0.6381 µg/ml and 0.9851 ± 0.0065 µg/ml, respectively, and on Si Ha cells it was 24.35 ± 1.390 µg/ml and 2.86 ± 0.319 µg/ml, respectively. Ch/Bio-AgNPs was a potent inhibitor on MDA MB and Si Ha cell lines with characteristic apoptosis and up-regulation of p53 and p38 genes.
The anionic surfactant Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate (SDS), the core components of detergent and cosmet... more The anionic surfactant Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate (SDS), the core components of detergent and cosmetic product formulations contribute significantly to the pollution profile of sewage and wastewaters of all kinds. In this study, 44 SDS degrading strains were isolated by soil enrichment methods and the utilization efficiency was assessed by methylene Blue Active Substances (MBAS) assay and HPLC method. The most efficient isolate was identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa MTCC 10311 based on phenotypic features and 16 S rDNA typing. The alkyl sulphatase enzyme responsible for the primary degradation of SDS degradation showed enzyme activity 0.0546 U/mg in the crude extract ,which on purification by streptomycin sulphate, dialysis, DEAE cellulose and sephadex G200 gave enzyme units of 3.04 U/mg. The partially purified enzyme could give a maximum SDS degradation of 75% at 4 % of enzyme concentration. Non denaturing PAGE at various stages of purification confirmed that sephadex200 step was pa...
International Journal of Applied Environmental Sciences
Linear alkylbenzene sulphonate (LAS) is one of the major anionic surfactant used in domestic and ... more Linear alkylbenzene sulphonate (LAS) is one of the major anionic surfactant used in domestic and industrial detergent formulations. Urban waste water, especially untreated waste, is the most important medium for this compound to access aquatic environment. Fishes are exposed to pollutants, many of which exert cytotoxic effects via production of reactive oxygen species. LAS toxicity can be assessed by ecotoxicological tests in the laboratory, employing representative organisms. In this study Grass carp were exposed to different sub lethal concentrations of Linear Alkylbenzene Sulphonate (1.2, 1.5 and 1.9 mg l-1) for 30 days. The antioxidant enzyme studies (Super oxide dismutase and catalase) and histopathology were done at regular intervals. The super oxide dismutase (SOD) activity showed a positive correlation with detergent concentration and exposure time. Where as catalase activity showed an increase in the test fishes at a particular concentration of detergent (1.5 mg l-1) than i...
Fungal pathogens pose a major problem in causing reduction in yield of vanilla crop to considerab... more Fungal pathogens pose a major problem in causing reduction in yield of vanilla crop to considerable level. Fusarium oxysporum, was isolated from naturally infected vanilla plants and an attempt was made to minimize the damage caused by the pathogen using biocontrol agents Trichoderma harzianum, and Pseudomonas fluorescens isolated from soil. The combined inoculation of Trichoderma harzianum with Pseudomonas fluorescens treatment showed maximum disease suppression followed by the single inoculation of Pseudomonas fluorescens, Trichoderma harzianum, Pseudomonas putida, Trichoderma virens, respectively in decreasing order. The results clearly indicated that these bio-control agents suppress the disease incidence. Concerning the interaction effect between used antagonistic microorganisms and method of treatments, there was a highly significant effect. These results suggested that using of Trichoderma harzianum with Pseudomonas fluorescens through soil mixing plus root dipping treatment ...
Sodium dodecyl sulphate, an anionic detergent finds various applications in household, industrial... more Sodium dodecyl sulphate, an anionic detergent finds various applications in household, industrial, laboratory and pharmaceutical preparations.This paper reports the histological, enzymatic and microbial changes found in the gills of Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) induced by the acute action of Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). A 96 h LC50 value of 7.7 mg/ l of SDS was obtained using static bioassay method. Sets of twenty grass carps each were exposed to nominal concentrations (2, 2.5 and 3 mg/l) of SDS for 30 days and the changes in the gills were monitored every tenth day. Extensive gill damage with necrosis and intraepithelial oedema was observed. This was accompanied by increased levels of antioxidant enzymes viz., superoxide dismutase and catalase. The gills of SDS treated fishes also showed an increased rate of microbial attack predominantly by Aeromonas sp, Micrococcus sp and Bacillus sp. Extensive necrosis, and increased rate of microbial attack suggested that SDS incites a...
The anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), the core components of detergent and cosmet... more The anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), the core components of detergent and cosmetic product formulations, contributes significantly to the pollution profile of sewage and wastewater of all kinds. In this study, 44 SDS degrading strains were isolated by soil enrichment methods and the utilization efficiency was assessed by methylene blue active substances (MBAS) assay and High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. Isolate S2 which showed maximum degradation was identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa MTCC 10311 based on phenotypic features and 16 S rDNA typing. The isolate was found to harbor plasmid within the size range of 9-10 kb. The cured derivative of SDS degrading Pseudomonas aeruginosa was obtained at a frequency of 10.7% by incubation with ethidium bromide (500 mg ml(-1) at 40 degrees C. 96% of SDS degradation occurred at 1500 ppm level within 48 hr of incubation, whereas higher concentration of SDS (10000 ppm) showed only 20% degradation. The optimum...
Fungal pathogens of vanilla such as Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotium rolfsii... more Fungal pathogens of vanilla such as Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotium rolfsii were isolated from naturally infected vanilla plants and an attempt were made to minimize the damage caused by the pathogen using biocontrol agents Trichoderma harzianum, and Pseudomonas fluorescens isolated from soil. The combined inoculation of of Trichoderma harzianum with Pseudomonas fluorescens treatment showed maximum disease suppression followed by the single inoculation of Pseudomonas fluorescens, Trichoderma harzianum, Pseudomonas putida, Trichoderma virens, respectively in decreasing order. The results clearly indicated that these bio-control agents suppressing the disease incidence. Concerning the interaction effect between used antagonistic microorganisms and method of treatments, there was a highly significant effect. These results suggested that using of Trichoderma harzianum with Pseudomonas fluorescens through soil mixing plus root dipping treatment could be provided not...
Endophytic bacteria are bacteria lives inside plants without causing any harm, instead providing ... more Endophytic bacteria are bacteria lives inside plants without causing any harm, instead providing plant growth promotory attributes to host plants by occupying a specific niche. A total of 117 endophytic bacteria were obtained from surface sterilized healthy rice samples collected from different rice cultivated fields across Kerala. 18 among them were found to be nitrogen fixing when grown on Dobereiner's N free bromothymol blue agar. The isolated nitrogen fixing endophytic bacteria were evaluated for their antagonistic potential against Rhizoctonia solani, the rice sheath blight pathogen. Only five endophytic diazotrophic bacteria were found to antagonize R solani in vitro in which Bacillus sp showed highest antifungal activity (72.2%). The study explores the use of endophytic bacteria to be used as efficient biocontrol and plant growth promoting agents by utilizing the biological nitrogen fixing property. Keywords:endophytes
Vanilla (Vanilla planifolia Andrews) is a high value crop cultivated for the production of Vanill... more Vanilla (Vanilla planifolia Andrews) is a high value crop cultivated for the production of Vanillin, one of the most valuable flavoring commodities in the food and beverage industry worldwide. Vanilla cultivation is severely hampered by the prevalence of various fungal diseases. Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotium rolfsii were isolated from naturally infected vanilla plants and an attempt was made to curtail the spoilage caused by the isolated fungal pathogens using biocontrol agents. Pseudomonas fluorescens P7 and Pseudomonas putida P4 were isolated from vanilla rhizosphere soil and checked for their capability to control fungal pathogens of vanilla both under In vitro and in vivo conditions. The endophytic colonisation ability of the selected rhizosphere bacteria were evaluated after genetically tagging them with a constitutively expressing green fluorescent protein gene (gfp). The green fluorescent endophytic bacteria were observed within the plant tissue when c...
Nanomedicine is an innovative approach to cancer therapy. The present study is in vitro anticance... more Nanomedicine is an innovative approach to cancer therapy. The present study is in vitro anticancer evaluation of chitosan-stabilized biogenic silver nanoparticles (Ch/Bio-AgNPs) on Si Ha (human cervical carcinoma) and MDA MB (human adenocarcinoma) cells. IC 50 values of Bio-AgNP and Ch/Bio-AgNP were studied by MTT assay, antiproliferative and cell apoptosis-inducing activities of the conjugate were examined by ethidium bromide/acridine orange double staining, RO analysis, DNA fragmentation, Caspase 7 and 9 assays and flow cytometry. Gene expression was studied by real-time PCR using the β-actin housekeeping gene. As a result, on MDA MB cells IC 50 value for Bio-AgNP and Ch/Bio-AgNP was 4.346 ± 0.6381 µg/ml and 0.9851 ± 0.0065 µg/ml, respectively, and on Si Ha cells it was 24.35 ± 1.390 µg/ml and 2.86 ± 0.319 µg/ml, respectively. Ch/Bio-AgNPs was a potent inhibitor on MDA MB and Si Ha cell lines with characteristic apoptosis and up-regulation of p53 and p38 genes.
The anionic surfactant Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate (SDS), the core components of detergent and cosmet... more The anionic surfactant Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate (SDS), the core components of detergent and cosmetic product formulations contribute significantly to the pollution profile of sewage and wastewaters of all kinds. In this study, 44 SDS degrading strains were isolated by soil enrichment methods and the utilization efficiency was assessed by methylene Blue Active Substances (MBAS) assay and HPLC method. The most efficient isolate was identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa MTCC 10311 based on phenotypic features and 16 S rDNA typing. The alkyl sulphatase enzyme responsible for the primary degradation of SDS degradation showed enzyme activity 0.0546 U/mg in the crude extract ,which on purification by streptomycin sulphate, dialysis, DEAE cellulose and sephadex G200 gave enzyme units of 3.04 U/mg. The partially purified enzyme could give a maximum SDS degradation of 75% at 4 % of enzyme concentration. Non denaturing PAGE at various stages of purification confirmed that sephadex200 step was pa...
International Journal of Applied Environmental Sciences
Linear alkylbenzene sulphonate (LAS) is one of the major anionic surfactant used in domestic and ... more Linear alkylbenzene sulphonate (LAS) is one of the major anionic surfactant used in domestic and industrial detergent formulations. Urban waste water, especially untreated waste, is the most important medium for this compound to access aquatic environment. Fishes are exposed to pollutants, many of which exert cytotoxic effects via production of reactive oxygen species. LAS toxicity can be assessed by ecotoxicological tests in the laboratory, employing representative organisms. In this study Grass carp were exposed to different sub lethal concentrations of Linear Alkylbenzene Sulphonate (1.2, 1.5 and 1.9 mg l-1) for 30 days. The antioxidant enzyme studies (Super oxide dismutase and catalase) and histopathology were done at regular intervals. The super oxide dismutase (SOD) activity showed a positive correlation with detergent concentration and exposure time. Where as catalase activity showed an increase in the test fishes at a particular concentration of detergent (1.5 mg l-1) than i...
Fungal pathogens pose a major problem in causing reduction in yield of vanilla crop to considerab... more Fungal pathogens pose a major problem in causing reduction in yield of vanilla crop to considerable level. Fusarium oxysporum, was isolated from naturally infected vanilla plants and an attempt was made to minimize the damage caused by the pathogen using biocontrol agents Trichoderma harzianum, and Pseudomonas fluorescens isolated from soil. The combined inoculation of Trichoderma harzianum with Pseudomonas fluorescens treatment showed maximum disease suppression followed by the single inoculation of Pseudomonas fluorescens, Trichoderma harzianum, Pseudomonas putida, Trichoderma virens, respectively in decreasing order. The results clearly indicated that these bio-control agents suppress the disease incidence. Concerning the interaction effect between used antagonistic microorganisms and method of treatments, there was a highly significant effect. These results suggested that using of Trichoderma harzianum with Pseudomonas fluorescens through soil mixing plus root dipping treatment ...
Sodium dodecyl sulphate, an anionic detergent finds various applications in household, industrial... more Sodium dodecyl sulphate, an anionic detergent finds various applications in household, industrial, laboratory and pharmaceutical preparations.This paper reports the histological, enzymatic and microbial changes found in the gills of Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) induced by the acute action of Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). A 96 h LC50 value of 7.7 mg/ l of SDS was obtained using static bioassay method. Sets of twenty grass carps each were exposed to nominal concentrations (2, 2.5 and 3 mg/l) of SDS for 30 days and the changes in the gills were monitored every tenth day. Extensive gill damage with necrosis and intraepithelial oedema was observed. This was accompanied by increased levels of antioxidant enzymes viz., superoxide dismutase and catalase. The gills of SDS treated fishes also showed an increased rate of microbial attack predominantly by Aeromonas sp, Micrococcus sp and Bacillus sp. Extensive necrosis, and increased rate of microbial attack suggested that SDS incites a...
The anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), the core components of detergent and cosmet... more The anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), the core components of detergent and cosmetic product formulations, contributes significantly to the pollution profile of sewage and wastewater of all kinds. In this study, 44 SDS degrading strains were isolated by soil enrichment methods and the utilization efficiency was assessed by methylene blue active substances (MBAS) assay and High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. Isolate S2 which showed maximum degradation was identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa MTCC 10311 based on phenotypic features and 16 S rDNA typing. The isolate was found to harbor plasmid within the size range of 9-10 kb. The cured derivative of SDS degrading Pseudomonas aeruginosa was obtained at a frequency of 10.7% by incubation with ethidium bromide (500 mg ml(-1) at 40 degrees C. 96% of SDS degradation occurred at 1500 ppm level within 48 hr of incubation, whereas higher concentration of SDS (10000 ppm) showed only 20% degradation. The optimum...
Fungal pathogens of vanilla such as Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotium rolfsii... more Fungal pathogens of vanilla such as Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotium rolfsii were isolated from naturally infected vanilla plants and an attempt were made to minimize the damage caused by the pathogen using biocontrol agents Trichoderma harzianum, and Pseudomonas fluorescens isolated from soil. The combined inoculation of of Trichoderma harzianum with Pseudomonas fluorescens treatment showed maximum disease suppression followed by the single inoculation of Pseudomonas fluorescens, Trichoderma harzianum, Pseudomonas putida, Trichoderma virens, respectively in decreasing order. The results clearly indicated that these bio-control agents suppressing the disease incidence. Concerning the interaction effect between used antagonistic microorganisms and method of treatments, there was a highly significant effect. These results suggested that using of Trichoderma harzianum with Pseudomonas fluorescens through soil mixing plus root dipping treatment could be provided not...
Endophytic bacteria are bacteria lives inside plants without causing any harm, instead providing ... more Endophytic bacteria are bacteria lives inside plants without causing any harm, instead providing plant growth promotory attributes to host plants by occupying a specific niche. A total of 117 endophytic bacteria were obtained from surface sterilized healthy rice samples collected from different rice cultivated fields across Kerala. 18 among them were found to be nitrogen fixing when grown on Dobereiner's N free bromothymol blue agar. The isolated nitrogen fixing endophytic bacteria were evaluated for their antagonistic potential against Rhizoctonia solani, the rice sheath blight pathogen. Only five endophytic diazotrophic bacteria were found to antagonize R solani in vitro in which Bacillus sp showed highest antifungal activity (72.2%). The study explores the use of endophytic bacteria to be used as efficient biocontrol and plant growth promoting agents by utilizing the biological nitrogen fixing property. Keywords:endophytes
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