Papers by Nicole Praschak-rieder
European Psychiatry, Mar 1, 2011
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Biological Psychiatry, Jul 1, 1997
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Springer eBooks, 2014
Major psychiatric disorders are highly heritable. Nevertheless, more than two decades of candidat... more Major psychiatric disorders are highly heritable. Nevertheless, more than two decades of candidate gene studies and genome-wide association studies have yielded few, if any, unambiguous and stably replicable results that would be strong enough as to direct research towards new pharmacological targets. This is in part due to the complex non-Mendelian inheritance patterns and hard-to-define phenotypes of psychiatric disorders. In addition, the relationship between genetic risk and phenotypic expression is blurred by strong contribution of environmental factors and epigenetic modification. A research strategy that has successfully been pursued over the last years with magnetic resonance-based methods is imaging of endophenotypes. However, these techniques have the drawback that their results are not easily transferable to a molecular level potentially accessible to therapeutic drugs. Imaging methods such as positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computer tomography (SPECT) make it possible to explore the impact of genetic variation on certain aspects of molecules that play a central role in our understanding and treatment of psychiatric disorders. This chapter tries to cover the current state of knowledge about the impact of genetic variation on the behaviour of PET and SPECT radioligands in the living human brain.
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Aus nosologischer Sicht ist die SAD eine Form der rezidivierenden depressiven Storung. Sie wird d... more Aus nosologischer Sicht ist die SAD eine Form der rezidivierenden depressiven Storung. Sie wird dementsprechend mit den Codes F 33.x im ICD 10, dem Klassifikationssystem der Weltgesundheitsorganisation, und mit den Codes 296.3x im DSM-IV, dem Diagnosesystem der American Psychiatric Association, codiert. Im DSM-IV (American Psychiatric Association 1994) wird das Vorliegen eines saisonalen Musters als „seasonal pattern specifier“ codiert.
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European Neuropsychopharmacology, Oct 1, 2003
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Journal of Clinical Toxicology, 2015
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American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics, 2005
Relatively few studies have investigated the role of the 5HTT gene in intermediate phenotypes suc... more Relatively few studies have investigated the role of the 5HTT gene in intermediate phenotypes such as alcohol consumption in non‐alcohol dependent populations. A recent study reported an association with alcohol consumption in a student population. We attempted to replicate these findings and extend on this work in a representative, ethnically homogenous, non‐alcohol dependent sample of social drinkers in the United Kingdom. The short allele of the 5HTT gene was significantly associated with increased alcohol consumption (P = 0.03). There was suggestive evidence of a genotype–sex interaction (P = 0.04). Post‐hoc tests indicated higher alcohol consumption in men with one or more copies of the short allele, while in women consumption was highest among heterozygotes compared to both homozygote groups. Age at time of data collection and cigarette consumption were entered as covariates. These results replicate recent previous findings and suggest a possibility that this association may d...
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Biological Psychiatry, 1997
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Social Science Research Network, 2020
Introduction: An elemental function of brain dopamine is to coordinate cognitive and motor resour... more Introduction: An elemental function of brain dopamine is to coordinate cognitive and motor resources for successful exploitation of environmental energy sources. Dopamine transmission, goal-directed behaviour, and glucose homeostasis are altered in schizophrenia patients prior to and after initiation of pharmacological treatment. Thus, we investigated the relationship between blood glucose levels and brain dopamine signalling in drug-naive patients with first-episode psychosis. Methods: We quantified blood glucose levels and binding of the D 3 preferring dopamine D 2/3 receptor agonist radioligand (+)-[11C]-PHNO in 15 medication-naive patients and 27 healthy volunteers employing positron emission tomography. Results: Whole-brain voxel-wise linear model analysis identified two clusters of significant interaction between blood glucose levels and diagnosis on (+)-[11C]-PHNO binding-potential values. One cluster was located in the ventral striatum and pallidum, the other one in the right ventral tegmental area. We observed positive correlations between blood glucose levels and binding-potential values in healthy volunteers but negative correlations in patients with first episode psychosis. Interpretation: Extracellular dopamine levels are a major determinant of (+)-[11C]-PHNO binding in the brain. In line with the concept that increased dopamine signalling occurs when goal-directed behaviour is needed for restoring energy supply, our data indicate that in healthy volunteers, extracellular dopamine levels are low, when blood glucose levels are high and vice-versa. This relationship is reversed in patients with first-episode psychosis, possibly reflecting a pathogenic alteration underlying two seemingly unrelated aspects of the illness: dysfunctional dopamine signalling and glucose homeostasis. Trial Registration: Clinical Trial Registry:EUDRACT 2010-019586-29 Funding: Vienna Science and Technology Fund; Austrian Science Fund; Medical Scientific Fund of the Mayor of the City of Vienna Declaration of Interests: Without relevance to this work, M. Willeit declares to having received speaker honoraria and consulting fees from Janssen-Cilag Pharma GmbH, Austria. Without relevance to this work, W. Wadsak declares to having received speaker honoraria from GE Healthcare, research grants from Ipsen Pharma, Eckert-Ziegler AG, Scintomics and ITG. WW is a part time eployee ofCBmed Ltd (Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine, Graz, Austria). and is a member of advisory boards of Amgen, Chieri and Sanofi-Aventis. M. Hacker received consulting fees and/or honoraria from Bayer Healthcare BMS, Eli Lilly, EZAG, GE Healthcare, Ipsen, ITM, Janssen, Roche, Siemens Healthineers. R. Lanzenberger received travel grants and/or conference speaker honoraria within the last three years from Bruker BioSpin MR, Heel, and support from Siemens Healthcare regarding clinical research using PET/MR. He is a shareholder of the start-up company BM Health GmbH since 2019. S. Kasper received grants/research support, consulting fees and/or honoraria within the last three years from Angelini, AOP Orphan Pharmaceuticals AG, Celegne GmbH, Eli Lilly, Janssen-Cilag Pharma GmbH,KRKA-Pharma, Lundbeck A/S, Mundipharma, Neuraxpharm, Pfizer, Sanofi,Schwabe, Servier, Shire, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co. Ltd. and Takeda. U. Sauerzopf, A. Weidenauer, I. Dajic, M. Bauer, L. Bartova, B. Meyer, L. Nics, C. Philippe, S. Pfaff, V. Pichler, M. Mitterhauser, L. Pezawas and N. Praschak-Rieder have no conflict of interest to declare Ethics Approval Statement: This study was approved by the Ethics-Committee of the Medical University of Vienna and Austrian federal regulatory authorities. All subjects signed an informed consent form.
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Biological Psychiatry, Jul 1, 1997
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European Neuropsychopharmacology, Sep 1, 1997
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European Neuropsychopharmacology, Nov 1, 1998
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Biological Psychiatry, Jul 1, 1997
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European Psychiatry, 2012
ABSTRACT Background There is evidence that natural levels of lithium in drinking water may have a... more ABSTRACT Background There is evidence that natural levels of lithium in drinking water may have a protective effect on suicide mortality. Aims To evaluate the association between local lithium levels in drinking water and suicide mortality in Austria. Method A nationwide sample of lithium measurements was examined for association with suicide rates across Austrian districts. Multivariate regression models were adjusted for socioeconomic factors. Sensitivity analyses and weighted least squares regression were used to challenge the robustness of the results. Results The overall suicide rate as well as the suicide mortality ratio were inversely associated with lithium levels in drinking water and remained significant after sensitivity analyses and adjustment for socioeconomic factors. Conclusions In replicating and extending previous results, this study provides strong evidence that geographic regions with higher natural lithium concentrations in drinking water are associated with lower suicide mortality rates.
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European Neuropsychopharmacology, Sep 1, 1997
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International Clinical Psychopharmacology, Sep 1, 1999
ABSTRACT Patients with seasonal affective disorder (SAD) do not necessarily experience depressive... more ABSTRACT Patients with seasonal affective disorder (SAD) do not necessarily experience depressive episodes every winter. We assessed whether the behavioural response to tryptophan depletion in summer when patients are fully remitted and off therapy is capable of predicting a future depressive episode of SAD. In a prospective study design, we followed up 11 consenting SAD patients who had undergone tryptophan depletion during summer. We evaluated how many of these patients would develop a depressive episode in the subsequent fall/winter. Seven out of eight patients who relapsed during tryptophan depletion in summer developed a depressive episode in the subsequent winter. Two out of the three patients who did not relapse during tryptophan depletion remained well during the follow-up period. Our preliminary findings suggest that those SAD patients who develop depressive symptoms during tryptophan depletion when they are fully remitted and off therapy remain at high risk to experience a depressive episode of SAD also in the subsequent winter.
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European Neuropsychopharmacology, 2019
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The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology, 2001
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Wiener medizinische Wochenschrift (1946), 1999
Since ancient times the influence of chronobiological factors on the pathogenesis, course, and tr... more Since ancient times the influence of chronobiological factors on the pathogenesis, course, and treatment of depression has been well known. Amongst antidepressive treatment strategies two are based on chronobiological knowledge: therapeutic sleep deprivation, which exerts a rapid and dramatic, albeit usually short-lasting, improvement of mood in the majority of patients with major depressive disorder, and light therapy with full-spectrum bright light. About sixty percent of all depressed patients improve after a single night of total or partial sleep deprivation. It has been shown that a combination of pharmacotherapy with antidepressants and sleep deprivation is superior to pharmacotherapy alone. Moreover, sleep deprivation has proved to hasten the onset of action of antidepressant medication and repeated sleep deprivation can also be an efficient treatment strategy in drug refractory depression. Light therapy with bright artificial light is especially beneficial in patients with a...
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Wiener klinische Wochenschrift, Jan 2, 1998
Mirtazapine is a new antidepressant with a specific pharmacological profile which is different fr... more Mirtazapine is a new antidepressant with a specific pharmacological profile which is different from all other currently available antidepressants. It is a so-called noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressant (NaSSA). 46 in-patients were treated with mirtazapine. The mean dose was 56 mg mirtazapine per day (SD: 23; range: 15 to 90). The duration of treatment was 3.6 weeks (SD +/- 3.4). Patients presented with following diagnosis: 29 (= 63%) were diagnosed as having a unipolar depression, 26% (n = 12) suffered from a depression in the course of a bipolar disorder. 37% (n = 17) were moderately depressed, 52% (n = 24) were severely depressed. 2 patients (= 4%) met ICD-10 (international Classification of Diseases) criteria for a schizoaffective disorder, 2 patients (= 4%) suffered from dysthymia. 1 patient suffered from an organic depressive disorder. The efficacy of the treatment was evaluated with CGI (Clinical Global Impression), when patients were discharged from hospital...
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Papers by Nicole Praschak-rieder