This article focuses on the research of countries with oil-dependent economies by considering the... more This article focuses on the research of countries with oil-dependent economies by considering the relationship between export revenues and economic growth within the framework of foreign trade theories. Attention was drawn to the importance of diversifying exports in economies based on oil revenues. In this context, Azerbaijan, which provides more than 90% of its export revenues from the trade of mineral products, was analyzed as an example. The study was carried out in the context of economic growth theories. As a result of the theoretical analysis, it was concluded that there is a direct relationship between export revenues and economic development in the Azerbaijani economy. Using the data analysis method, the amount of income earned from exports in 1990-2018, the change in GDP volume in the same period, the change of the shares of various industries in the products subject to export between 1994-2018, and the dynamics of the foreign trade turnover between 2008-2018 were investigated and some inferences were made. It is suggested that sectors such as textile, metallurgy, machinery, and device production should be developed with certain methods in order to overcome the current economic crisis in Azerbaijan. In the first part, the relationship between foreign trade and economic growth, in the second part, the problem of oil dependence and export diversification, and in the third part, the Azerbaijani economy and the ways out of the crisis were analyzed.
In this article, the “Russification of Finland” processes and the crisis of the Åland Islands wer... more In this article, the “Russification of Finland” processes and the crisis of the Åland Islands were analyzed and an indirect connection was established between the two variables. Russification policies of Tsarist Russia caused a national identity in Finland in the context of ethnicity, language, and territorial integrity. The Finnish society, which established an independent and sovereign state on the basis of this national identity in 1917, strongly opposed the demands of the people of Åland islands, mostly ethnic Swedes, to leave Finland. Both variables of the article are considered within the scope of the constructivist theory. Both the characteristic structure of the policies of Tsarist Russia and the formation process of the Åland crisis have been explored within the framework of various concepts such as norm-creation, nation-building, and state-building. With the method of comparing the case studies, whether there is a relationship between the results of the “Russification of Finland” processes and the factors causing the Åland crisis has been investigated and correlations have been made on appropriate topics. In the first part, it has been determined that the harmonious russification policies that Tsarist Russia carried out during the 19th century and the radical ones of the 1890s did not reach its goal, on the contrary, it resulted in the emergence of the Fennomania movement, which pioneered the nation-building, state-building goals in the Finnish society. It also could not prevent the political and social advances of that movement, and finally faced with the independent and sovereign Finland. In the second part, it is concluded that Finland has adopted the protection of the principles of territorial integrity and social unity created by the independence it gained as national interests. Thus, during the Åland crisis, it determined its position in line with these interests in the negotiations to solve the problem, and when the final agreement was signed.
This article focuses on the research of countries with oil-dependent economies by considering the... more This article focuses on the research of countries with oil-dependent economies by considering the relationship between export revenues and economic growth within the framework of foreign trade theories. Attention was drawn to the importance of diversifying exports in economies based on oil revenues. In this context, Azerbaijan, which provides more than 90% of its export revenues from the trade of mineral products, was analyzed as an example. The study was carried out in the context of economic growth theories. As a result of the theoretical analysis, it was concluded that there is a direct relationship between export revenues and economic development in the Azerbaijani economy. Using the data analysis method, the amount of income earned from exports in 1990-2018, the change in GDP volume in the same period, the change of the shares of various industries in the products subject to export between 1994-2018, and the dynamics of the foreign trade turnover between 2008-2018 were investigated and some inferences were made. It is suggested that sectors such as textile, metallurgy, machinery, and device production should be developed with certain methods in order to overcome the current economic crisis in Azerbaijan. In the first part, the relationship between foreign trade and economic growth, in the second part, the problem of oil dependence and export diversification, and in the third part, the Azerbaijani economy and the ways out of the crisis were analyzed.
In this article, the “Russification of Finland” processes and the crisis of the Åland Islands wer... more In this article, the “Russification of Finland” processes and the crisis of the Åland Islands were analyzed and an indirect connection was established between the two variables. Russification policies of Tsarist Russia caused a national identity in Finland in the context of ethnicity, language, and territorial integrity. The Finnish society, which established an independent and sovereign state on the basis of this national identity in 1917, strongly opposed the demands of the people of Åland islands, mostly ethnic Swedes, to leave Finland. Both variables of the article are considered within the scope of the constructivist theory. Both the characteristic structure of the policies of Tsarist Russia and the formation process of the Åland crisis have been explored within the framework of various concepts such as norm-creation, nation-building, and state-building. With the method of comparing the case studies, whether there is a relationship between the results of the “Russification of Finland” processes and the factors causing the Åland crisis has been investigated and correlations have been made on appropriate topics. In the first part, it has been determined that the harmonious russification policies that Tsarist Russia carried out during the 19th century and the radical ones of the 1890s did not reach its goal, on the contrary, it resulted in the emergence of the Fennomania movement, which pioneered the nation-building, state-building goals in the Finnish society. It also could not prevent the political and social advances of that movement, and finally faced with the independent and sovereign Finland. In the second part, it is concluded that Finland has adopted the protection of the principles of territorial integrity and social unity created by the independence it gained as national interests. Thus, during the Åland crisis, it determined its position in line with these interests in the negotiations to solve the problem, and when the final agreement was signed.
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