This paper focuses on mapping the different losses present in an Insert Permanent Magnet Synchron... more This paper focuses on mapping the different losses present in an Insert Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine (IPMSM). The machine is designed as a traction machine according to the requirements of a parallel hybrid electric heavy vehicle. This includes a wide constant power range and overload capability, all to be fitted in a strictly limited space in the vehicle. In order to meet the requirements, the machine is designed with a speed higher than that of the conventional powertrain and connected via a fixed speed reduction. The electromagnetic power loss estimation is performed in the post processor of a 2D FE simulation tool. The outcome from the study compares the initial rough power loss calculation to extensive calculation in order to distinguish and separate different sources of power losses and correlate the characteristics to the measurements.
An Electric Rear Wheel Drive -ERWD- unit is a cost effective solution for the electrification of ... more An Electric Rear Wheel Drive -ERWD- unit is a cost effective solution for the electrification of passenger cars. While the conventional front-wheel transmission is kept, the ERWD unit provides electrical torque to the rear wheels and regenerative braking capabilities. In this article the design, optimization, construction and testing of an electric motor for such unit is presented. The experimental test
Electric Road Systems (ERS) have emerged as an alternative to deal with the main drawbacks that b... more Electric Road Systems (ERS) have emerged as an alternative to deal with the main drawbacks that battery electric vehicles present (i.e., higher cost, short driving range, long charging times, etc.). This paper analyses the societal cost of electrifying all road transport in Denmark under four different scenarios. The first scenario considered in this study is based on todays approach of having electric vehicles with high battery capacity and fast charging stations, the remaining scenarios study the cost of implementing different ERS at a national level. The results clearly show the benefits of implementing electric road solutions that can be used both by commercial and passenger vehicles
Part I of the study presents the importance and the analytical and numerical methods to perform a... more Part I of the study presents the importance and the analytical and numerical methods to perform a thermal- mechanical stress simulation with evenly distributed temperature for single wires. Part II of the study presents a method with thermal and mechanical conjugated simulations with unevenly distributed temperature for multiple wires and the results are compared to the structural simulation with evenly distributed temperature with the same geometry. Furthermore, based on the stress-fatigue curve of PAI insulation material, the stress-fatigue equation is fitted, which is adopted to estimate the lifetime due to thermal-mechanical stresses. This estimated life is compared to the estimated life based on Arrhenius Law and to the accelerated lifetime test. (Less)
Degradation of electrical machines for traction purposes is important to understand for right-siz... more Degradation of electrical machines for traction purposes is important to understand for right-sizing traction system lifetime versus vehicle lifetime. Based on the proposed test specimen and predictive monitoring method, this paper is a continuation of [1] to present the dielectric properties changes, including the AC capacitance and DC leakage current or insulation resistance, during degradation test. This paper also proposes an analytical model to estimate the dielectric properties of a single tooth coil. The analytical model is verified against measurement. Comparing to the FEA model proposed in [1], the analytical model provides the convenience to perform sensitivity studies with geometrical property differences or physical property changes due to aging. Besides, the analytical model builds the link between the measured global properties and the average local dimensionless values, which are the volume resistivity and dielectric constant, which can be adapted by other simulations.
2014 International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM), 2014
This article focuses on a theoretical evaluation of a hybrid excited synchronous machine where th... more This article focuses on a theoretical evaluation of a hybrid excited synchronous machine where the excitation circuit is a combination of electrically magnetized (EM) and permanent magnetized (PM) magnet poles in the rotor. This alternating pole configuration of electrically magnetized (EM) or permanent magnet (PM) poles determines the hybrid magnetization. The target of the analysis is a traction machine where a hybrid rotor design is proposed and compared to an existing machine with Interior Permanent Magnet (IPM) rotor. Based on this experience a few larger machines are analyzed for a wind power application.
2008 18th International Conference on Electrical Machines, 2008
This paper focuses on the design and the evaluation of a single-phase claw-pole machine that is i... more This paper focuses on the design and the evaluation of a single-phase claw-pole machine that is integrated into a fan drive. The inner stator of the machine is manufactured by using a rotational moulding technology, which allows a high integrability when using plastic matrix Soft Magnetic Mouldable Composite - SM2C. The goal of the design is to develop a fan
2008 18th International Conference on Electrical Machines, 2008
... Thus, the paper focuses on theoretical and practical evaluation of a torus machine with a ...... more ... Thus, the paper focuses on theoretical and practical evaluation of a torus machine with a ... for all applications, but the potential for such applications that require high frequency performance and low ... rises with frequency in experiments as in the calculations, and the analysis in this ...
2008 18th International Conference on Electrical Machines, 2008
The objective of this paper is to evaluate a single-phase claw pole machine where the magnetic co... more The objective of this paper is to evaluate a single-phase claw pole machine where the magnetic core is made of a soft magnetic mouldable composite material (SM2C). SM2C has low permeability but also very low remagnetization losses, which makes this kind of material very suitable for high frequency applications. Therefore, the high speed characteristics of the single-phase claw-pole machine are
2014 International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM), 2014
This paper presents a holistic view of thermal modeling for an electrical machine used in a Hybri... more This paper presents a holistic view of thermal modeling for an electrical machine used in a Hybrid Electrical Vehicle (HEV). This interconnected system model focuses on the thermal assessment of an electrical machine in a HEV application and estimates the time to failure of the machine depending on the construction of the insulation system and the exploitation of the machine. A transient thermal model of the machine is made as a Lumped Parameter Model (LPM) based on dimensions, material properties and Finite Element Analysis (FEA) determining the power loss model and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) cooling model. The LPM thermal model is compared to measurements and later used in a vehicle powertrain model. Based on the verified thermal model, the estimation of the winding temperature in the machine over different driving cycles is used to predict the thermal degradations of the main insulation and the thermal lifetime of the machine.
This paper focuses on mapping the different losses present in an Insert Permanent Magnet Synchron... more This paper focuses on mapping the different losses present in an Insert Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine (IPMSM). The machine is designed as a traction machine according to the requirements of a parallel hybrid electric heavy vehicle. This includes a wide constant power range and overload capability, all to be fitted in a strictly limited space in the vehicle. In order to meet the requirements, the machine is designed with a speed higher than that of the conventional powertrain and connected via a fixed speed reduction. The electromagnetic power loss estimation is performed in the post processor of a 2D FE simulation tool. The outcome from the study compares the initial rough power loss calculation to extensive calculation in order to distinguish and separate different sources of power losses and correlate the characteristics to the measurements.
An Electric Rear Wheel Drive -ERWD- unit is a cost effective solution for the electrification of ... more An Electric Rear Wheel Drive -ERWD- unit is a cost effective solution for the electrification of passenger cars. While the conventional front-wheel transmission is kept, the ERWD unit provides electrical torque to the rear wheels and regenerative braking capabilities. In this article the design, optimization, construction and testing of an electric motor for such unit is presented. The experimental test
Electric Road Systems (ERS) have emerged as an alternative to deal with the main drawbacks that b... more Electric Road Systems (ERS) have emerged as an alternative to deal with the main drawbacks that battery electric vehicles present (i.e., higher cost, short driving range, long charging times, etc.). This paper analyses the societal cost of electrifying all road transport in Denmark under four different scenarios. The first scenario considered in this study is based on todays approach of having electric vehicles with high battery capacity and fast charging stations, the remaining scenarios study the cost of implementing different ERS at a national level. The results clearly show the benefits of implementing electric road solutions that can be used both by commercial and passenger vehicles
Part I of the study presents the importance and the analytical and numerical methods to perform a... more Part I of the study presents the importance and the analytical and numerical methods to perform a thermal- mechanical stress simulation with evenly distributed temperature for single wires. Part II of the study presents a method with thermal and mechanical conjugated simulations with unevenly distributed temperature for multiple wires and the results are compared to the structural simulation with evenly distributed temperature with the same geometry. Furthermore, based on the stress-fatigue curve of PAI insulation material, the stress-fatigue equation is fitted, which is adopted to estimate the lifetime due to thermal-mechanical stresses. This estimated life is compared to the estimated life based on Arrhenius Law and to the accelerated lifetime test. (Less)
Degradation of electrical machines for traction purposes is important to understand for right-siz... more Degradation of electrical machines for traction purposes is important to understand for right-sizing traction system lifetime versus vehicle lifetime. Based on the proposed test specimen and predictive monitoring method, this paper is a continuation of [1] to present the dielectric properties changes, including the AC capacitance and DC leakage current or insulation resistance, during degradation test. This paper also proposes an analytical model to estimate the dielectric properties of a single tooth coil. The analytical model is verified against measurement. Comparing to the FEA model proposed in [1], the analytical model provides the convenience to perform sensitivity studies with geometrical property differences or physical property changes due to aging. Besides, the analytical model builds the link between the measured global properties and the average local dimensionless values, which are the volume resistivity and dielectric constant, which can be adapted by other simulations.
2014 International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM), 2014
This article focuses on a theoretical evaluation of a hybrid excited synchronous machine where th... more This article focuses on a theoretical evaluation of a hybrid excited synchronous machine where the excitation circuit is a combination of electrically magnetized (EM) and permanent magnetized (PM) magnet poles in the rotor. This alternating pole configuration of electrically magnetized (EM) or permanent magnet (PM) poles determines the hybrid magnetization. The target of the analysis is a traction machine where a hybrid rotor design is proposed and compared to an existing machine with Interior Permanent Magnet (IPM) rotor. Based on this experience a few larger machines are analyzed for a wind power application.
2008 18th International Conference on Electrical Machines, 2008
This paper focuses on the design and the evaluation of a single-phase claw-pole machine that is i... more This paper focuses on the design and the evaluation of a single-phase claw-pole machine that is integrated into a fan drive. The inner stator of the machine is manufactured by using a rotational moulding technology, which allows a high integrability when using plastic matrix Soft Magnetic Mouldable Composite - SM2C. The goal of the design is to develop a fan
2008 18th International Conference on Electrical Machines, 2008
... Thus, the paper focuses on theoretical and practical evaluation of a torus machine with a ...... more ... Thus, the paper focuses on theoretical and practical evaluation of a torus machine with a ... for all applications, but the potential for such applications that require high frequency performance and low ... rises with frequency in experiments as in the calculations, and the analysis in this ...
2008 18th International Conference on Electrical Machines, 2008
The objective of this paper is to evaluate a single-phase claw pole machine where the magnetic co... more The objective of this paper is to evaluate a single-phase claw pole machine where the magnetic core is made of a soft magnetic mouldable composite material (SM2C). SM2C has low permeability but also very low remagnetization losses, which makes this kind of material very suitable for high frequency applications. Therefore, the high speed characteristics of the single-phase claw-pole machine are
2014 International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM), 2014
This paper presents a holistic view of thermal modeling for an electrical machine used in a Hybri... more This paper presents a holistic view of thermal modeling for an electrical machine used in a Hybrid Electrical Vehicle (HEV). This interconnected system model focuses on the thermal assessment of an electrical machine in a HEV application and estimates the time to failure of the machine depending on the construction of the insulation system and the exploitation of the machine. A transient thermal model of the machine is made as a Lumped Parameter Model (LPM) based on dimensions, material properties and Finite Element Analysis (FEA) determining the power loss model and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) cooling model. The LPM thermal model is compared to measurements and later used in a vehicle powertrain model. Based on the verified thermal model, the estimation of the winding temperature in the machine over different driving cycles is used to predict the thermal degradations of the main insulation and the thermal lifetime of the machine.
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Papers by Avo Reinap