Philaenus tesselatus Melichar, 1899, was described more than a century ago, originally from Tunis... more Philaenus tesselatus Melichar, 1899, was described more than a century ago, originally from Tunisia, but later appeared to be a problematic species. In 1959, it was reduced to a geographic subspecies of the closely related P. spumarius (Linnaeus, 1758), with which in 1972 it was synonymized. However, P. tesselatus does possess constant species-level characters. We have found that: (i) both species occur in Portugal, where P. tesselatus is statistically significantly larger than P. spumarius; (ii) the best diagnostic characters are the appendages of the male aedeagus (larger in P. tesselatus than in P. spumarius); (iii) in Portugal, P. spumarius seems to occur in large numbers north of Lisbon, becoming rare in the south, while P. tesselatus occurs only south of Lisbon; and (iv) the six colour morphs appear to be identical in both species. We do not know if the two species hybridize where they occur sympatrically.
... I am grateful to several colleagues and other people who have provided useful information or ... more ... I am grateful to several colleagues and other people who have provided useful information or helpful comments: Fernanda Calvao ... Academic Press, London, pp 121142 Barrientos JA, Cardoso P (2007) The genus Malthonica Simon, 1898 in the Iberian Peninsula (Araneae ...
Feeding and oviposition preferences of Monochamus galloprovincialis (Olivier)(Coleoptera: Ceramby... more Feeding and oviposition preferences of Monochamus galloprovincialis (Olivier)(Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Monochamini), the vector of the pine wilt nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Steiner and Bührer) Nickle (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae), ...
The pine sawyer Monochamus galloprovincialis (Olivier) is the vector of the introduced pine wood ... more The pine sawyer Monochamus galloprovincialis (Olivier) is the vector of the introduced pine wood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Steiner & Bührer) Nickle in Portugal, and until recently was considered a secondary forest insect. Under laboratory conditions, a study of biological and reproductive traits of 37 insect pairs was conducted. The longevity of both sexes was similar, being 61.2±6.5 days for males and 64.0±6.3 days for females (mean±SE). Sixteen small-sized insects (22% of the population) died within 20 days and before starting to reproduce. The sexual maturation period (without egg laying) was 20.4±0.7 days (mean±SE), while the oviposition period lasted 54.0±4.2 days (mean±SE). The oviposition rate increased very quickly during the first weeks of life, peaking to almost two eggs per day during days 30–44, and gradually dropping in the following weeks. The females laid an average of 67.0±5.96 (mean±SE) eggs through their lives. The hatch rate was 92.6±1.0%; (mean±SE). Th...
Field recordings of the calling song and of an amplitude modulated signal produced by males of Ci... more Field recordings of the calling song and of an amplitude modulated signal produced by males of Cicada barbara from North Africa and the Iberian Peninsula were analysed in order to assess the geographical acoustic variation and the potential usefulness of acoustic data in the discrimination of subspecies and populations. Sound recordings were digitized and the frequency and temporal properties of the calls of each cicada were analysed. In all regions studied, peak frequency, quartiles 25, 50 and 75% and syllable rate showed low coefficients of variation suggesting inherent static properties. All frequency variables were correlated with the latitude, decreasing from south to north. In addition, most acoustic variables of the calling song showed significant differences between regions, and PCA and DFA analyses supported a partitioning within this species between Iberian Peninsula+Ceuta and Morocco, corroborating mtDNA data on the same species. Therefore, the subspecific division of C. ...
On the colour polymorphism of Philaenus spumarius (L.) (Homoptera, Cercopidae) in Portugal.- A to... more On the colour polymorphism of Philaenus spumarius (L.) (Homoptera, Cercopidae) in Portugal.- A total of 7,967 specimens (4,354 males and 3,613 females) of the meadow spittlebug Philaenus spumarius (L.) collected in three different habitats at Fontanelas (Sintra) were analysed in terms of the colour morph frequencies. Eleven different morphs were encountered: populi (POP), typicus (TYP), trilineatus (TRI), marginellus (MAR), lateralis (LAT), flavicollis (FLA), gibbus (GIB), ustulatus (UST), quadrimaculatus (QUA), albomaculatus (ALB), and leucophthalmus (LOP). For males and in decreasing order of frequency the following morph groups and morphs proper were found: TYP group (95.38%), TRI group (3.70%), LCE group (0.85%), and LOP group (0.07%); and for females TYP group (88.7g0h), TRI group (4.01 Oh), MAR (3.32%), LOP group (1.88%), LCE group (1.74%), and LAT (0.25%). As expected, the TYP group (POP
<i>Tettigettalna</i> Puissant 2010 Originally described and diagnosed by Puissant &am... more <i>Tettigettalna</i> Puissant 2010 Originally described and diagnosed by Puissant &amp; Sueur (2010), encompasses nine European species: <i>T. argentata</i> (Olivier, 1790), <i>T. aneabi</i> (Boulard, 2000), <i>T. armandi</i> Puissant, 2010, <i>T. boulardi</i> Puissant, 2010, <i>T. defauti</i> Puissant, 2010, <i>T. estrellae</i> (Boulard, 1982), <i>T. helianthemi</i> (Rambur, 1840), <i>T. josei</i> (Boulard, 1982) and <i>T. mariae</i> (Quartau &amp; Boulard, 1995). Only <i>T. argentata</i> is widespread, reaching, France, Italy, Switzerland and Slovenia to the east. The remaining are (rather) narrow Iberian endemics (see Figure 1).
<i>Berberigetta dimelodica</i> sp. nov. Costa, Nunes, Marabuto, Mendes &amp; Simõ... more <i>Berberigetta dimelodica</i> sp. nov. Costa, Nunes, Marabuto, Mendes &amp; Simões <b>Material examined</b> Paratypical series consists of a total of 14 specimens (13 males and one female). Designated holotype is SP19_3795 (&amp;male;), and female paratype is SP19_3787 (&amp;female;). See Table 2 for additional information on paratypical series, specimen IDs, collection sites and GPS data. See Figure 6 for images on male holotype, female paratype (see supplementary image, S6 for live specimens) and details of the male genitalia. <b>Male morphology</b> <b>Head</b> Supra-antennal plate produced into a pointed lobe; Supra-antennal plate nearly meeting the eye. Postclypeus subquadrate to round in front view; Postclypeus transversely grooved towards distal ends. Rostrum brown, reaching the center of mid-trochanters when in resting position. Antennae brown, 7-segmented. Postclypeus dark brown, with apical yellowish-brown spot, grooves light-brown or yellowish; Anteclypeus yellowish with a brown central spot. Gena and lorum brown to light-brown covered with white long pilosity. Supra-antennal plates light brown distally near the eye, becoming dark-brown towards midline. Three red ocelli. Eyes light-brown. Dorsal surface of head dark-brown, supraocular border brown, with yellowish stripe on epicranial suture. <b>Thorax</b> Pronotal collar broad, slightly greater than eye width; Pronotal lateral development ampliate, sloping in lateral view, evenly rounded in dorsal view. Pronotal mid-lateral tooth absent. Scutellum wider than long. Epimeral lobe not reaching operculum. Metanotum partly visible at dorsal midline, not expanded over tymbals. Pronotum brown with a dark-brown stripe along dorsal midline, ending posteriorly in dark-brown spot. Mesonotum with two yellowish fasciae bordering between parapsidal suture and submedian sigillae prolonging to anterior arms of scutellum; Mesonotal lateral dorsal margins yellowish. Central area of scutellum brown with yellowish arms. Metanotum yellowish, brown at dorsal midline. <b>Leg [...]
Figure 1. Collection sites of the Cicada specimens analysed in the Mediterranean region: inserts ... more Figure 1. Collection sites of the Cicada specimens analysed in the Mediterranean region: inserts are given for Portugal and Greece, where most sites were sampled.
Figure 4. Minimum spanning network for Cicada in the Mediterranean area, based on 12S rRNA gene h... more Figure 4. Minimum spanning network for Cicada in the Mediterranean area, based on 12S rRNA gene haplotypes (HCo, C. orni haplogroup; HCm, C. mordoganensis haplogroup; HCc, C. cretensis haplogroup; HCl, C. lodosi and HCb, C. barbara haplogroup). The size of the circles representing each haplotype is proportional to the number of specimens showing that particular haplotype; colours are representative of the locality.
FIGURE 1. The Philaenus spumarius morph quadrimaculatus (QUA) found in the Azores, island of S. M... more FIGURE 1. The Philaenus spumarius morph quadrimaculatus (QUA) found in the Azores, island of S. Miguel (Tronqueira Viewpoint):(a) photo by Hanno Schaefer, summer of 2010; and (b) photo by Paulo A.V. Borges, August 2013.
Philaenus tesselatus Melichar, 1899, was described more than a century ago, originally from Tunis... more Philaenus tesselatus Melichar, 1899, was described more than a century ago, originally from Tunisia, but later appeared to be a problematic species. In 1959, it was reduced to a geographic subspecies of the closely related P. spumarius (Linnaeus, 1758), with which in 1972 it was synonymized. However, P. tesselatus does possess constant species-level characters. We have found that: (i) both species occur in Portugal, where P. tesselatus is statistically significantly larger than P. spumarius; (ii) the best diagnostic characters are the appendages of the male aedeagus (larger in P. tesselatus than in P. spumarius); (iii) in Portugal, P. spumarius seems to occur in large numbers north of Lisbon, becoming rare in the south, while P. tesselatus occurs only south of Lisbon; and (iv) the six colour morphs appear to be identical in both species. We do not know if the two species hybridize where they occur sympatrically.
... I am grateful to several colleagues and other people who have provided useful information or ... more ... I am grateful to several colleagues and other people who have provided useful information or helpful comments: Fernanda Calvao ... Academic Press, London, pp 121142 Barrientos JA, Cardoso P (2007) The genus Malthonica Simon, 1898 in the Iberian Peninsula (Araneae ...
Feeding and oviposition preferences of Monochamus galloprovincialis (Olivier)(Coleoptera: Ceramby... more Feeding and oviposition preferences of Monochamus galloprovincialis (Olivier)(Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Monochamini), the vector of the pine wilt nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Steiner and Bührer) Nickle (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae), ...
The pine sawyer Monochamus galloprovincialis (Olivier) is the vector of the introduced pine wood ... more The pine sawyer Monochamus galloprovincialis (Olivier) is the vector of the introduced pine wood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Steiner & Bührer) Nickle in Portugal, and until recently was considered a secondary forest insect. Under laboratory conditions, a study of biological and reproductive traits of 37 insect pairs was conducted. The longevity of both sexes was similar, being 61.2±6.5 days for males and 64.0±6.3 days for females (mean±SE). Sixteen small-sized insects (22% of the population) died within 20 days and before starting to reproduce. The sexual maturation period (without egg laying) was 20.4±0.7 days (mean±SE), while the oviposition period lasted 54.0±4.2 days (mean±SE). The oviposition rate increased very quickly during the first weeks of life, peaking to almost two eggs per day during days 30–44, and gradually dropping in the following weeks. The females laid an average of 67.0±5.96 (mean±SE) eggs through their lives. The hatch rate was 92.6±1.0%; (mean±SE). Th...
Field recordings of the calling song and of an amplitude modulated signal produced by males of Ci... more Field recordings of the calling song and of an amplitude modulated signal produced by males of Cicada barbara from North Africa and the Iberian Peninsula were analysed in order to assess the geographical acoustic variation and the potential usefulness of acoustic data in the discrimination of subspecies and populations. Sound recordings were digitized and the frequency and temporal properties of the calls of each cicada were analysed. In all regions studied, peak frequency, quartiles 25, 50 and 75% and syllable rate showed low coefficients of variation suggesting inherent static properties. All frequency variables were correlated with the latitude, decreasing from south to north. In addition, most acoustic variables of the calling song showed significant differences between regions, and PCA and DFA analyses supported a partitioning within this species between Iberian Peninsula+Ceuta and Morocco, corroborating mtDNA data on the same species. Therefore, the subspecific division of C. ...
On the colour polymorphism of Philaenus spumarius (L.) (Homoptera, Cercopidae) in Portugal.- A to... more On the colour polymorphism of Philaenus spumarius (L.) (Homoptera, Cercopidae) in Portugal.- A total of 7,967 specimens (4,354 males and 3,613 females) of the meadow spittlebug Philaenus spumarius (L.) collected in three different habitats at Fontanelas (Sintra) were analysed in terms of the colour morph frequencies. Eleven different morphs were encountered: populi (POP), typicus (TYP), trilineatus (TRI), marginellus (MAR), lateralis (LAT), flavicollis (FLA), gibbus (GIB), ustulatus (UST), quadrimaculatus (QUA), albomaculatus (ALB), and leucophthalmus (LOP). For males and in decreasing order of frequency the following morph groups and morphs proper were found: TYP group (95.38%), TRI group (3.70%), LCE group (0.85%), and LOP group (0.07%); and for females TYP group (88.7g0h), TRI group (4.01 Oh), MAR (3.32%), LOP group (1.88%), LCE group (1.74%), and LAT (0.25%). As expected, the TYP group (POP
<i>Tettigettalna</i> Puissant 2010 Originally described and diagnosed by Puissant &am... more <i>Tettigettalna</i> Puissant 2010 Originally described and diagnosed by Puissant &amp; Sueur (2010), encompasses nine European species: <i>T. argentata</i> (Olivier, 1790), <i>T. aneabi</i> (Boulard, 2000), <i>T. armandi</i> Puissant, 2010, <i>T. boulardi</i> Puissant, 2010, <i>T. defauti</i> Puissant, 2010, <i>T. estrellae</i> (Boulard, 1982), <i>T. helianthemi</i> (Rambur, 1840), <i>T. josei</i> (Boulard, 1982) and <i>T. mariae</i> (Quartau &amp; Boulard, 1995). Only <i>T. argentata</i> is widespread, reaching, France, Italy, Switzerland and Slovenia to the east. The remaining are (rather) narrow Iberian endemics (see Figure 1).
<i>Berberigetta dimelodica</i> sp. nov. Costa, Nunes, Marabuto, Mendes &amp; Simõ... more <i>Berberigetta dimelodica</i> sp. nov. Costa, Nunes, Marabuto, Mendes &amp; Simões <b>Material examined</b> Paratypical series consists of a total of 14 specimens (13 males and one female). Designated holotype is SP19_3795 (&amp;male;), and female paratype is SP19_3787 (&amp;female;). See Table 2 for additional information on paratypical series, specimen IDs, collection sites and GPS data. See Figure 6 for images on male holotype, female paratype (see supplementary image, S6 for live specimens) and details of the male genitalia. <b>Male morphology</b> <b>Head</b> Supra-antennal plate produced into a pointed lobe; Supra-antennal plate nearly meeting the eye. Postclypeus subquadrate to round in front view; Postclypeus transversely grooved towards distal ends. Rostrum brown, reaching the center of mid-trochanters when in resting position. Antennae brown, 7-segmented. Postclypeus dark brown, with apical yellowish-brown spot, grooves light-brown or yellowish; Anteclypeus yellowish with a brown central spot. Gena and lorum brown to light-brown covered with white long pilosity. Supra-antennal plates light brown distally near the eye, becoming dark-brown towards midline. Three red ocelli. Eyes light-brown. Dorsal surface of head dark-brown, supraocular border brown, with yellowish stripe on epicranial suture. <b>Thorax</b> Pronotal collar broad, slightly greater than eye width; Pronotal lateral development ampliate, sloping in lateral view, evenly rounded in dorsal view. Pronotal mid-lateral tooth absent. Scutellum wider than long. Epimeral lobe not reaching operculum. Metanotum partly visible at dorsal midline, not expanded over tymbals. Pronotum brown with a dark-brown stripe along dorsal midline, ending posteriorly in dark-brown spot. Mesonotum with two yellowish fasciae bordering between parapsidal suture and submedian sigillae prolonging to anterior arms of scutellum; Mesonotal lateral dorsal margins yellowish. Central area of scutellum brown with yellowish arms. Metanotum yellowish, brown at dorsal midline. <b>Leg [...]
Figure 1. Collection sites of the Cicada specimens analysed in the Mediterranean region: inserts ... more Figure 1. Collection sites of the Cicada specimens analysed in the Mediterranean region: inserts are given for Portugal and Greece, where most sites were sampled.
Figure 4. Minimum spanning network for Cicada in the Mediterranean area, based on 12S rRNA gene h... more Figure 4. Minimum spanning network for Cicada in the Mediterranean area, based on 12S rRNA gene haplotypes (HCo, C. orni haplogroup; HCm, C. mordoganensis haplogroup; HCc, C. cretensis haplogroup; HCl, C. lodosi and HCb, C. barbara haplogroup). The size of the circles representing each haplotype is proportional to the number of specimens showing that particular haplotype; colours are representative of the locality.
FIGURE 1. The Philaenus spumarius morph quadrimaculatus (QUA) found in the Azores, island of S. M... more FIGURE 1. The Philaenus spumarius morph quadrimaculatus (QUA) found in the Azores, island of S. Miguel (Tronqueira Viewpoint):(a) photo by Hanno Schaefer, summer of 2010; and (b) photo by Paulo A.V. Borges, August 2013.
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