Oscar er filmbranchens vigtigste pris. Den uddeles af det amerikanske filmakademi inden for en række kategorier. Oscar-prisen for bedste kvindelige birolle (Best Supporting Actress) er blevet uddelt siden 1937 og gives til en skuespiller for en 'enestående præstation' (outstanding performance) i en birolle. Der er fem nominerede skuespillere til prisen hvert år.
Prisen til årets vinder overrækkes almindeligvis af forrige års modtager.
Oscarpriserne uddeles som regel en søndag i februar eller marts, og årstallet nedenfor angiver det år, hvor prisen blev uddelt. To skuespillere har vundet prisen for bedste kvindelige birolle to gange: Dianne Wiest i 1987 og 1995 og Shelly Winters i 1960 og 1966.
| År | Vinder | Film |
| 2024 | Da'Vine Joy Randolph | The Holdovers |
| 2023 | Jamie Lee Curtis | Everything Everywhere All at Once |
| 2022 | Ariana DeBose | West Side Story |
| 2021 | Yuh-Jung Youn | Minari |
| 2020 | Laura Dern | Marriage Story |
| 2019 | Regina King | If Beale Street Could Talk |
| 2018 | Allison Janney | I, Tonya |
| 2017 | Viola Davis | Fences |
| 2016 | Alicia Vikander | The Danish Girl |
| 2015 | Patricia Arquette | Boyhood |
| 2014 | Lupita Nyong'o | 12 Years a Slave |
| 2013 | Anne Hathaway | Les Misérables |
| 2012 | Octavia Spencer | The Help |
| 2011 | Melissa Leo | The Fighter |
| 2010 | Mo'Nique | Precious: Based on the Novel 'Push' by Sapphire |
| 2009 | Penélope Cruz | Vicky Cristina Barcelona |
| 2008 | Tilda Swinton | Michael Clayton |
| 2007 | Jennifer Hudson | Dreamgirls |
| 2006 | Rachel Weisz | The Constant Gardener |
| 2005 | Cate Blanchett | The Aviator |
| 2004 | Renée Zellweger | Cold Mountain |
| 2003 | Catherine Zeta-Jones | Chicago |
| 2002 | Jennifer Connelly | A Beautiful Mind |
| 2001 | Marcia Gay Harden | Pollock |
| 2000 | Angelina Jolie | Girl, Interrupted |
| 1999 | Judi Dench | Shakespeare in Love |
| 1998 | Kim Basinger | L.A. Confidential |
| 1997 | Juliette Binoche | The English Patient |
| 1996 | Mira Sorvino | Mighty Aphrodite |
| 1995 | Dianne Wiest | Bullets over Broadway |
| 1994 | Anna Paquin | The Piano |
| 1993 | Marisa Tomei | My Cousin Vinny |
| 1992 | Mercedes Ruehl | The Fisher King |
| 1991 | Whoopi Goldberg | Ghost |
| 1990 | Brenda Fricker | My Left Foot |
| 1989 | Geena Davis | The Accidental Tourist |
| 1988 | Olympia Dukakis | Moonstruck |
| 1987 | Dianne Wiest | Hannah and Her Sisters |
| 1986 | Anjelica Huston | Prizzi's Honor |
| 1985 | Peggy Ashcroft | A Passage to India |
| 1984 | Linda Hunt | The Year of Living Dangerously |
| 1983 | Jessica Lange | Tootsie |
| 1982 | Maureen Stapleton | Reds |
| 1981 | Mary Steenburgen | Melvin and Howard |
| 1980 | Meryl Streep | Kramer vs. Kramer |
| 1979 | Maggie Smith | California Suite |
| 1978 | Vanessa Redgrave | Julia |
| 1977 | Beatrice Straight | Network |
| 1976 | Lee Grant | Shampoo |
| 1975 | Ingrid Bergman | Murder on the Orient Express |
| 1974 | Tatum O'Neal | Paper Moon |
| 1973 | Eileen Heckart | Butterflies Are Free |
| 1972 | Cloris Leachman | The Last Picture Show |
| 1971 | Helen Hayes | Airport |
| 1970 | Goldie Hawn | Cactus Flower |
| 1969 | Ruth Gordon | Rosemary's Baby |
| 1968 | Estelle Parsons | Bonnie and Clyde |
| 1967 | Sandy Dennis | Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? |
| 1966 | Shelley Winters | A Patch of Blue |
| 1965 | Lila Kedrova | Zorba the Greek |
| 1964 | Margaret Rutherford | The V.I.P.s |
| 1963 | Patty Duke | The Miracle Worker |
| 1962 | Rita Moreno | West Side Story |
| 1961 | Shirley Jones | Elmer Gantry |
| 1960 | Shelley Winters | The Diary of Anne Frank |
| 1959 | Wendy Hiller | Separate Tables |
| 1958 | Miyoshi Umeki | Sayonara |
| 1957 | Dorothy Malone | Written on the Wind |
| 1956 | Jo Van Fleet | East of Eden |
| 1955 | Eva Marie Saint | On the Waterfront |
| 1954 | Donna Reed | From Here to Eternity |
| 1953 | Gloria Grahame | The Bad and the Beautiful |
| 1952 | Kim Hunter | A Streetcar Named Desire |
| 1951 | Josephine Hull | Harvey |
| 1950 | Mercedes McCambridge | All the King's Men |
| 1949 | Claire Trevor | Key Largo |
| 1948 | Celeste Holm | Gentleman's Agreement |
| 1947 | Anne Baxter | The Razor's Edge |
| 1946 | Anne Revere | National Velvet |
| 1945 | Ethel Barrymore | None but the Lonely Heart |
| 1944 | Katina Paxinou | For Whom the Bell Tolls |
| 1943 | Teresa Wright | Mrs. Miniver |
| 1942 | Mary Astor | The Great Lie |
| 1941 | Jane Darwell | The Grapes of Wrath |
| 1940 | Hattie McDaniel | Gone with the Wind |
| 1939 | Fay Bainter | Jezebel |
| 1938 | Alice Brady | In Old Chicago |
| 1937 | Gale Sondergaard | Anthony Adverse |
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