Integrated land use planning needs a combination of disciplines and, therefore, different types o... more Integrated land use planning needs a combination of disciplines and, therefore, different types of data which should be available at different temporal and spatial scales. Geographical information system (GIS) and modelling techniques are assumed to provide a good tool to describe ...
Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development, 2022
This transdisciplinary literature review paper aims at addressing the literature lacuna in commun... more This transdisciplinary literature review paper aims at addressing the literature lacuna in community engagement and water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) in sub-Saharan countries. By responding to a set of identified WASH-related questions to community engagement, it explores through different disciplinary lenses the challenges and opportunities in this significant area that impacts human health. This transdisciplinary review brought together the disciplines of water engineering, environmental microbiology, public health and infectious disease, design research, women and gender studies, and developmental studies. It examined over 430 papers with 29 papers included in the final review. The main findings suggest integrating women into leadership roles in community water management and water and sanitation programmes can lead to more sustainability and can make water projects more effective. Second, cultural preferences should be a key factor when planning and implementing WASH technolo...
This chapter unpacks the highly complex and value-laden terms ‘urban poverty’ and ‘climate change... more This chapter unpacks the highly complex and value-laden terms ‘urban poverty’ and ‘climate change’, with a specific focus on who the urban poor are, where they live and how climate change exacerbates their existing vulnerabilities. With particular emphasis on everyday, lived experiences, the chapter demonstrates how the urban poor are already coping and/or adapting to these impacts in diverse ways. Finally, the chapter draws together the key concepts (e.g. participation, co-creation, resilience and transformation) noted above, exploring their relevance to current policy and planning on urban poverty and climate change. Three key themes drawn from the two research projects and associated papers are used to structure the remainder of the book – vulnerability, adaptation and the built environment; understanding change and adaptation: from institutional interface to co-production; and from learning to knowledge, innovation to action.
Living in a low-lying and densely populated country on the front line of climate change, Banglade... more Living in a low-lying and densely populated country on the front line of climate change, Bangladeshis are taking a lead in adapting to rising temperatures and campaigning to limit climate change. Global warming will worsen this country's existing environmental problems – causing a rise in sea level, more flooding and stronger, more damaging cyclones. Bangladeshis know what is coming, and how to respond, because they are already effectively combating environmental and social challenges. Cyclone shelters and warning systems have cut the fatality rate dramatically; new varieties of rice have raised nutrition levels; women's education has slowed population growth; land is being raised to respond to sea level rise. Bangladeshis will keep their heads above water, but at huge costs. Will the industrialised countries curb their greenhouse gas emissions and pay for the damage they have already done?
In International Society For Industrial Ecology Conference 2007 17 Jun 2007 19 Jun 2007 University of Toronto Toronto International Society For Industrial Ecology 2007, Jun 18, 2007
The study of urban poverty in Bangladesh has so far been patchy, often limited to collections of ... more The study of urban poverty in Bangladesh has so far been patchy, often limited to collections of chapters (Islam, 2010; Rahman, 2011), or based on non-representative surveys (e.g. Islam et al., 1997; Urban Partnerships for Poverty Reduction (UPPR), 2010), or focused on municipal governance (Murtaza, 2002), or concerned primarily with Dhaka, Bangladesh�s capital city (Afsar, 2000; Begum, 1999; Siddiqui et al., 2000, 2010). What is missing is commanding scholarship on the urbanization process � such as the ways in which Schandel (2009) and Lewis (2011) have studied Bangladesh�s historical and governance settings. This is clearly acknowledged in Rahman�s (2011) commentary on the challenges of Bangladesh�s emerging urban future, stating that �� analytical understanding of this [rapid urbanisation] process � remains fragmented and policy responses sporadic� (p. 3). Our own review of research, policy and action on urban poverty in the country also reveals a serious dearth of understanding and information on urban poverty in Bangladesh � causing consequent problems in developing adequate policy responses (Banks et al., 2011). Against this backdrop, Shahadat Hossain�s aim to study Urban Poverty in Bangladesh: Slum Communities, Migration and Social Integration, has the bold ambition to fill some of the critical knowledge gaps. In particular, Hossain�s effort could be a step forward in addressing the neglect of urban poverty, as he aspires to examine urban poverty through the analytical lenses of slum communities, migration and social integration. While the book�s ambition is intellectually justified and policy-relevant, its execution has been rather problematic, in spite of the author�s admirable personal efforts in data collection and analysis. I pick five key issues to elaborate, but others remain, such as the author�s neglect of specifying the year of data collection. First, Hossain commits the same mistake that has been made consistently �
This paper examines patterns of adaptive behaviour in low-income settlements(1) in Khulna, Bangla... more This paper examines patterns of adaptive behaviour in low-income settlements(1) in Khulna, Bangladesh’s third largest city. It contrasts the adaptive behaviours of “squatter” households who “own” their land with those of tenants who rent dwellings from private landlords, and finds significant differences between the adaptive behaviours of owners and renters. This is important, as most knowledge about low-income settlements in Bangladesh originates from “owned” settlements – often called “public settlements”, as the land is officially public land. But the future growth of low-income settlements in the country is likely to be increasingly on private land, with rented dwellings. Policy lessons generated from settlements with “squatters” may be inappropriate for the next generation of “slums” that will house millions of rural migrants and people displaced by climate change. The conclusions argue that agencies seeking to assist low-income households in Bangladesh will need to craft diffe...
Around 40 percent of Bangladesh’s population are poor people for whom a variable and unpredictabl... more Around 40 percent of Bangladesh’s population are poor people for whom a variable and unpredictable climate can critically restrict livelihood options. This is true in rural and urban areas alike, but this study focuses on the latter. Urban poverty continues to be neglected in research, policy and action for climate change adaptation in the country. The study builds on three propositions: (i) poor urban communities are places where physical and socioeconomic vulnerability coincide; (ii) urban areas are exposed to three forms of climate change impact: rapid-onset events, gradual-onset processes, and cascade effects; and (iii) poor urban people are already adapting to emergent climate change impacts by actively developing various practices. The analytical framework places a strong emphasis on poor people’s adaptation practices in order to understand their agency, cultural resources and economic strategies and the structural factors that both support and constrain their agency. The prac...
This chapter presents an experimental asset transfer programme, which reaches the poorest of the ... more This chapter presents an experimental asset transfer programme, which reaches the poorest of the poor. It shows that a poverty alleviation programme which reduces vulnerabilities (such as employment, food, dwelling and health insecurities) simultaneously enables households to change from being ‘risk prone’ to being ‘risk averse’. Although as a short-term donor-funded project it faces many challenges, the results support calls to incorporate both development (i.e. infrastructure improvement) and adaptation (i.e. damage resilient livelihoods) into NGO, donor and government policy, planning and practice.
This chapter concerns two potentially irreversible global trends. The first is rapid urbanization... more This chapter concerns two potentially irreversible global trends. The first is rapid urbanization across the Global South and the associated rise in the scale of urban poverty. More than half of the world's eight billion people already live in cities and towns, and by 2050 the urban share of global population is expected to rise to 66 percent, nearly five billion people. The second trend is climate change. The IPCC Fifth Assessment Report (AR5), the most authoritative source, concludes that warming of the climate system is unequivocal, with 95 percent certainty that humans have contributed to global warming. The book provides a rich account of how well the diverse lived experiences of slum dwellers in 13 towns and cities in 7 countries across Asia, Africa and Latin America add to existing knowledge and deepen our understanding of the policy-relevant development agenda involving a progression from acquiescence, to coping, to progressive adaptation, and ultimately transformative a...
Integrated land use planning needs a combination of disciplines and, therefore, different types o... more Integrated land use planning needs a combination of disciplines and, therefore, different types of data which should be available at different temporal and spatial scales. Geographical information system (GIS) and modelling techniques are assumed to provide a good tool to describe ...
Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development, 2022
This transdisciplinary literature review paper aims at addressing the literature lacuna in commun... more This transdisciplinary literature review paper aims at addressing the literature lacuna in community engagement and water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) in sub-Saharan countries. By responding to a set of identified WASH-related questions to community engagement, it explores through different disciplinary lenses the challenges and opportunities in this significant area that impacts human health. This transdisciplinary review brought together the disciplines of water engineering, environmental microbiology, public health and infectious disease, design research, women and gender studies, and developmental studies. It examined over 430 papers with 29 papers included in the final review. The main findings suggest integrating women into leadership roles in community water management and water and sanitation programmes can lead to more sustainability and can make water projects more effective. Second, cultural preferences should be a key factor when planning and implementing WASH technolo...
This chapter unpacks the highly complex and value-laden terms ‘urban poverty’ and ‘climate change... more This chapter unpacks the highly complex and value-laden terms ‘urban poverty’ and ‘climate change’, with a specific focus on who the urban poor are, where they live and how climate change exacerbates their existing vulnerabilities. With particular emphasis on everyday, lived experiences, the chapter demonstrates how the urban poor are already coping and/or adapting to these impacts in diverse ways. Finally, the chapter draws together the key concepts (e.g. participation, co-creation, resilience and transformation) noted above, exploring their relevance to current policy and planning on urban poverty and climate change. Three key themes drawn from the two research projects and associated papers are used to structure the remainder of the book – vulnerability, adaptation and the built environment; understanding change and adaptation: from institutional interface to co-production; and from learning to knowledge, innovation to action.
Living in a low-lying and densely populated country on the front line of climate change, Banglade... more Living in a low-lying and densely populated country on the front line of climate change, Bangladeshis are taking a lead in adapting to rising temperatures and campaigning to limit climate change. Global warming will worsen this country's existing environmental problems – causing a rise in sea level, more flooding and stronger, more damaging cyclones. Bangladeshis know what is coming, and how to respond, because they are already effectively combating environmental and social challenges. Cyclone shelters and warning systems have cut the fatality rate dramatically; new varieties of rice have raised nutrition levels; women's education has slowed population growth; land is being raised to respond to sea level rise. Bangladeshis will keep their heads above water, but at huge costs. Will the industrialised countries curb their greenhouse gas emissions and pay for the damage they have already done?
In International Society For Industrial Ecology Conference 2007 17 Jun 2007 19 Jun 2007 University of Toronto Toronto International Society For Industrial Ecology 2007, Jun 18, 2007
The study of urban poverty in Bangladesh has so far been patchy, often limited to collections of ... more The study of urban poverty in Bangladesh has so far been patchy, often limited to collections of chapters (Islam, 2010; Rahman, 2011), or based on non-representative surveys (e.g. Islam et al., 1997; Urban Partnerships for Poverty Reduction (UPPR), 2010), or focused on municipal governance (Murtaza, 2002), or concerned primarily with Dhaka, Bangladesh�s capital city (Afsar, 2000; Begum, 1999; Siddiqui et al., 2000, 2010). What is missing is commanding scholarship on the urbanization process � such as the ways in which Schandel (2009) and Lewis (2011) have studied Bangladesh�s historical and governance settings. This is clearly acknowledged in Rahman�s (2011) commentary on the challenges of Bangladesh�s emerging urban future, stating that �� analytical understanding of this [rapid urbanisation] process � remains fragmented and policy responses sporadic� (p. 3). Our own review of research, policy and action on urban poverty in the country also reveals a serious dearth of understanding and information on urban poverty in Bangladesh � causing consequent problems in developing adequate policy responses (Banks et al., 2011). Against this backdrop, Shahadat Hossain�s aim to study Urban Poverty in Bangladesh: Slum Communities, Migration and Social Integration, has the bold ambition to fill some of the critical knowledge gaps. In particular, Hossain�s effort could be a step forward in addressing the neglect of urban poverty, as he aspires to examine urban poverty through the analytical lenses of slum communities, migration and social integration. While the book�s ambition is intellectually justified and policy-relevant, its execution has been rather problematic, in spite of the author�s admirable personal efforts in data collection and analysis. I pick five key issues to elaborate, but others remain, such as the author�s neglect of specifying the year of data collection. First, Hossain commits the same mistake that has been made consistently �
This paper examines patterns of adaptive behaviour in low-income settlements(1) in Khulna, Bangla... more This paper examines patterns of adaptive behaviour in low-income settlements(1) in Khulna, Bangladesh’s third largest city. It contrasts the adaptive behaviours of “squatter” households who “own” their land with those of tenants who rent dwellings from private landlords, and finds significant differences between the adaptive behaviours of owners and renters. This is important, as most knowledge about low-income settlements in Bangladesh originates from “owned” settlements – often called “public settlements”, as the land is officially public land. But the future growth of low-income settlements in the country is likely to be increasingly on private land, with rented dwellings. Policy lessons generated from settlements with “squatters” may be inappropriate for the next generation of “slums” that will house millions of rural migrants and people displaced by climate change. The conclusions argue that agencies seeking to assist low-income households in Bangladesh will need to craft diffe...
Around 40 percent of Bangladesh’s population are poor people for whom a variable and unpredictabl... more Around 40 percent of Bangladesh’s population are poor people for whom a variable and unpredictable climate can critically restrict livelihood options. This is true in rural and urban areas alike, but this study focuses on the latter. Urban poverty continues to be neglected in research, policy and action for climate change adaptation in the country. The study builds on three propositions: (i) poor urban communities are places where physical and socioeconomic vulnerability coincide; (ii) urban areas are exposed to three forms of climate change impact: rapid-onset events, gradual-onset processes, and cascade effects; and (iii) poor urban people are already adapting to emergent climate change impacts by actively developing various practices. The analytical framework places a strong emphasis on poor people’s adaptation practices in order to understand their agency, cultural resources and economic strategies and the structural factors that both support and constrain their agency. The prac...
This chapter presents an experimental asset transfer programme, which reaches the poorest of the ... more This chapter presents an experimental asset transfer programme, which reaches the poorest of the poor. It shows that a poverty alleviation programme which reduces vulnerabilities (such as employment, food, dwelling and health insecurities) simultaneously enables households to change from being ‘risk prone’ to being ‘risk averse’. Although as a short-term donor-funded project it faces many challenges, the results support calls to incorporate both development (i.e. infrastructure improvement) and adaptation (i.e. damage resilient livelihoods) into NGO, donor and government policy, planning and practice.
This chapter concerns two potentially irreversible global trends. The first is rapid urbanization... more This chapter concerns two potentially irreversible global trends. The first is rapid urbanization across the Global South and the associated rise in the scale of urban poverty. More than half of the world's eight billion people already live in cities and towns, and by 2050 the urban share of global population is expected to rise to 66 percent, nearly five billion people. The second trend is climate change. The IPCC Fifth Assessment Report (AR5), the most authoritative source, concludes that warming of the climate system is unequivocal, with 95 percent certainty that humans have contributed to global warming. The book provides a rich account of how well the diverse lived experiences of slum dwellers in 13 towns and cities in 7 countries across Asia, Africa and Latin America add to existing knowledge and deepen our understanding of the policy-relevant development agenda involving a progression from acquiescence, to coping, to progressive adaptation, and ultimately transformative a...
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