The pawpaw [Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal] is a native plant found mainly in the southeastern and ea... more The pawpaw [Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal] is a native plant found mainly in the southeastern and eastern United States, and its fruit has great potential as a new high-value crop in these regions. Although there are ≈45 named pawpaw cultivars, breeding for improvement of specific traits, such as fruit size and quality, is desirable. Our long-term goal is to utilize molecular marker systems to identify markers that can be used for germplasm diversity analyses and for the construction of a molecular genetic map, where markers are correlated with desirable pawpaw traits. The objective of this study was to identify random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers that segregate in a simple Mendelian fashion in a controlled A. triloba cross. DNA was extracted from young leaves collected from field-planted parents and 20 progeny of the cross 1-7 × 2-54. The DNA extraction method used gave acceptable yields of ≈7 μg·g-1 of leaf tissue. Additionally, sample 260/280 ratios were ≈1.4, which indi...
The genus Asimina has the only temperate representatives of the tropical Annonaceae, or Custard A... more The genus Asimina has the only temperate representatives of the tropical Annonaceae, or Custard Apple family, and includes eight species that are indigenous to North America. The North American pawpaw Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal has the largest edible fruit native to the United States and is the best-known of these species. The USDA National Clonal Germplasm Repository for Asimina species is located at Kentucky State Univ. (KSU); therefore, assessment of genetic diversity is an important research priority for KSU. The inter-simple sequence repeat PCR (ISSR-PCR) methodology has been used successfully to characterize genetic diversity within and among populations of many plant species. The objective of this study was to assess the utility of ISSR markers in evaluating genetic relationships in members of the Asimina genus, as well as closely related tropical relatives in the Annona genus. Leaf samples were collected from three plants each of Asimina longifolia, A. obovata, A. parviflora...
Pawpaw [Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal] is a highly perishable climacteric fruit, softening rapidly o... more Pawpaw [Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal] is a highly perishable climacteric fruit, softening rapidly once ripening commences which may limit its marketability. In studies to determine the optimum cold storage temperature and maximum storage life of the fruit, pawpaw fruit were stored at -2, 2, and 6 °C for 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks, and then ripened upon removal to ambient temperature. Through 4 weeks, fruit exhibited adequate firmness upon removal from cold storage, but at 8 and 12 weeks fruit held at 2 and 6 °C were very soft. Irrespective of storage temperature, at 8 weeks fruit showed a delay in a climacteric-like respiratory increase, and by 12 weeks a respiratory climacteric was not apparent. An ethylene climacteric was evident after all temperature and storage periods except those held at 6 °C for 12 weeks. Significant symptoms of cold injury were found by 8 weeks of 2 °C cold storage. In addition to a delayed respiratory climacteric, pawpaw fruit stored for 8 and 12 weeks exhibite...
Pawpaw [Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal] has significant potential as a new fruit crop. During ripenin... more Pawpaw [Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal] has significant potential as a new fruit crop. During ripening, loss of firmness is extremely rapid, and this trait may be the biggest obstacle to the development of a broader market. Cold storage of pawpaw fruit seems limited to 4 weeks at 4 °C, though fruit softening merely slows during storage. A study of several cultivars with commercial appeal has shown that none have superior cold storage life. Extending the cold storage beyond 4 weeks resulted in increasing loss of fruit firmness, poor poststorage ripening, and development of quality traits, and many fruit exhibiting flesh and peel discoloration. Cold storage duration affected fruit volatile production. By 4 weeks of cold storage, ethyl hexanoate and ethyl octanoate were the major volatiles produced, replacing methyl hexanoate, which was the major volatile produced by ripe fruit after harvest. By 8 weeks of cold storage, volatile ester production was generally low and ethyl hexanoate became...
Ripening pawpaw [Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal] fruit exhibit climacteric peaks of ethylene and CO2 ... more Ripening pawpaw [Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal] fruit exhibit climacteric peaks of ethylene and CO2 production 48 to 72 hours after harvest, and thus may be considered climacteric. The development of desirable quality traits and the loss of fruit firmness during ripening is extremely rapid, and a variety of strategies to slow these processes via manipulation of ethylene production and/or response and by more direct techniques like postharvest heat treatment have been attempted. Fruit, branches with fruit, and/or whole trees have been sprayed with ethephon or aminoethoxyvinylglycine to hasten or delay ripening, respectively. After harvest, fruit have been treated with commercial and higher rates of 1-methylcyclopropene for various durations at ambient and cold storage temperatures. Fruit have also been heat-treated at various temperatures, using both brief “shock” treatments above 40 °C and longer periods at 35 °C to 40 °C. In addition, in an attempt to alleviate the loss of ripening ca...
Pawpaw[Asiminatriloba (L.) Dunal] is a highly perishable climacteric fruit. Generally, fruit may ... more Pawpaw[Asiminatriloba (L.) Dunal] is a highly perishable climacteric fruit. Generally, fruit may be stored at 4 °C for 4 weeks with minimal loss in quality or subsequent ripening capacity. However, comparisons among cultivars and advanced selections for ripening behavior and postharvest storage life have not been reported. Ideally, cultivars with superior ripening traits (higher firmness, or a slower rate of firmness loss) and longer storage life may be identified for the commercial market. To determine if differences among genotypes may exist, respiration, C2H4 production, and fruit firmness of six varieties, 8-20, 9-58, `Middletown', `PA Golden', `Taytwo', and `Taylor', were measured during ripening after harvest and after 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 weeks of 4 °C storage. No differences were observed among the cultivars regarding respiration and C2H4 production. Respiratory and ethylene peaks were detected within 48 hours after harvest or removal from cold storage. Rapid...
The pawpaw [Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal] is a native plant found mainly in the southeastern and ea... more The pawpaw [Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal] is a native plant found mainly in the southeastern and eastern United States, and its fruit has great potential as a new high-value crop in these regions. Although there are ≈45 named pawpaw cultivars, breeding for improvement of specific traits, such as fruit size and quality, is desirable. Our long-term goal is to utilize molecular marker systems to identify markers that can be used for germplasm diversity analyses and for the construction of a molecular genetic map, where markers are correlated with desirable pawpaw traits. The objective of this study was to identify random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers that segregate in a simple Mendelian fashion in a controlled A. triloba cross. DNA was extracted from young leaves collected from field-planted parents and 20 progeny of the cross 1-7 × 2-54. The DNA extraction method used gave acceptable yields of ≈7 μg·g-1 of leaf tissue. Additionally, sample 260/280 ratios were ≈1.4, which indi...
The genus Asimina has the only temperate representatives of the tropical Annonaceae, or Custard A... more The genus Asimina has the only temperate representatives of the tropical Annonaceae, or Custard Apple family, and includes eight species that are indigenous to North America. The North American pawpaw Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal has the largest edible fruit native to the United States and is the best-known of these species. The USDA National Clonal Germplasm Repository for Asimina species is located at Kentucky State Univ. (KSU); therefore, assessment of genetic diversity is an important research priority for KSU. The inter-simple sequence repeat PCR (ISSR-PCR) methodology has been used successfully to characterize genetic diversity within and among populations of many plant species. The objective of this study was to assess the utility of ISSR markers in evaluating genetic relationships in members of the Asimina genus, as well as closely related tropical relatives in the Annona genus. Leaf samples were collected from three plants each of Asimina longifolia, A. obovata, A. parviflora...
Pawpaw [Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal] is a highly perishable climacteric fruit, softening rapidly o... more Pawpaw [Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal] is a highly perishable climacteric fruit, softening rapidly once ripening commences which may limit its marketability. In studies to determine the optimum cold storage temperature and maximum storage life of the fruit, pawpaw fruit were stored at -2, 2, and 6 °C for 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks, and then ripened upon removal to ambient temperature. Through 4 weeks, fruit exhibited adequate firmness upon removal from cold storage, but at 8 and 12 weeks fruit held at 2 and 6 °C were very soft. Irrespective of storage temperature, at 8 weeks fruit showed a delay in a climacteric-like respiratory increase, and by 12 weeks a respiratory climacteric was not apparent. An ethylene climacteric was evident after all temperature and storage periods except those held at 6 °C for 12 weeks. Significant symptoms of cold injury were found by 8 weeks of 2 °C cold storage. In addition to a delayed respiratory climacteric, pawpaw fruit stored for 8 and 12 weeks exhibite...
Pawpaw [Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal] has significant potential as a new fruit crop. During ripenin... more Pawpaw [Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal] has significant potential as a new fruit crop. During ripening, loss of firmness is extremely rapid, and this trait may be the biggest obstacle to the development of a broader market. Cold storage of pawpaw fruit seems limited to 4 weeks at 4 °C, though fruit softening merely slows during storage. A study of several cultivars with commercial appeal has shown that none have superior cold storage life. Extending the cold storage beyond 4 weeks resulted in increasing loss of fruit firmness, poor poststorage ripening, and development of quality traits, and many fruit exhibiting flesh and peel discoloration. Cold storage duration affected fruit volatile production. By 4 weeks of cold storage, ethyl hexanoate and ethyl octanoate were the major volatiles produced, replacing methyl hexanoate, which was the major volatile produced by ripe fruit after harvest. By 8 weeks of cold storage, volatile ester production was generally low and ethyl hexanoate became...
Ripening pawpaw [Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal] fruit exhibit climacteric peaks of ethylene and CO2 ... more Ripening pawpaw [Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal] fruit exhibit climacteric peaks of ethylene and CO2 production 48 to 72 hours after harvest, and thus may be considered climacteric. The development of desirable quality traits and the loss of fruit firmness during ripening is extremely rapid, and a variety of strategies to slow these processes via manipulation of ethylene production and/or response and by more direct techniques like postharvest heat treatment have been attempted. Fruit, branches with fruit, and/or whole trees have been sprayed with ethephon or aminoethoxyvinylglycine to hasten or delay ripening, respectively. After harvest, fruit have been treated with commercial and higher rates of 1-methylcyclopropene for various durations at ambient and cold storage temperatures. Fruit have also been heat-treated at various temperatures, using both brief “shock” treatments above 40 °C and longer periods at 35 °C to 40 °C. In addition, in an attempt to alleviate the loss of ripening ca...
Pawpaw[Asiminatriloba (L.) Dunal] is a highly perishable climacteric fruit. Generally, fruit may ... more Pawpaw[Asiminatriloba (L.) Dunal] is a highly perishable climacteric fruit. Generally, fruit may be stored at 4 °C for 4 weeks with minimal loss in quality or subsequent ripening capacity. However, comparisons among cultivars and advanced selections for ripening behavior and postharvest storage life have not been reported. Ideally, cultivars with superior ripening traits (higher firmness, or a slower rate of firmness loss) and longer storage life may be identified for the commercial market. To determine if differences among genotypes may exist, respiration, C2H4 production, and fruit firmness of six varieties, 8-20, 9-58, `Middletown', `PA Golden', `Taytwo', and `Taylor', were measured during ripening after harvest and after 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 weeks of 4 °C storage. No differences were observed among the cultivars regarding respiration and C2H4 production. Respiratory and ethylene peaks were detected within 48 hours after harvest or removal from cold storage. Rapid...
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