The avifaunal diversity and density of Mangrove Ecosystem, Kundapura, Udupi district, Karnataka, ... more The avifaunal diversity and density of Mangrove Ecosystem, Kundapura, Udupi district, Karnataka, India, was studied for a period of one year from July-2010 to June-2011 based on observational methods. The mangrove ecosystem is inhabited by a variety of smaller birds, resident birds, migratory birds and wading birds. One of the most productive ecosystems of world is mangrove forests, providing shelter and feeding sites for many avifaunas. Mangrove and habitat estuaries are being used for various purposes like prawn culture, collection of shells for lime and harvesting of fish. Fluctuation of salinity of water and variations in food availability in different seasons affected the avifaunal diversity in the study area. This habitat attracted 32 bird species, belonging to the 19 families, which are residential, residential migrants and migratory including aquatic birds, waders and others. Highest number of egrets, common myna, open billed storks, black headed ibis and crows was recorded ...
In the ecosystem, the four-horned antelope were selective feeders by browsing and grazing plant s... more In the ecosystem, the four-horned antelope were selective feeders by browsing and grazing plant species in different compositions. These species have adaptable characteristics to feed on nutritious parts of available shrubs and trees in their habitat. The study was conducted through fecal analysis studies on the diet of four-horned antelopes in Rangayyanadurga four-horned Antelope Wildlife Sanctuary, Karnataka, Southern India. The study identified 95.7% of the plant species that occurred in the pellet sample, with 4.30% remaining unidentified. The percentage occurrence of dicots in the pellet sample was 80.85%, while monocots had a minimum occurrence of 19.15%. In point of growth forms, trees accounted for 34.52%, shrubs for 19.15%, herbs for 19.10%, grasses for 19.14%, and climbers for 3.5%. The Poaceae family had the highest composition percentage of occurrence in the diet with 19.13%, followed by Fabaceae at 17.53% in the diet of four-horned antelope. The study concluded that ant...
Mangrove forest is a component of wetlands that has been recognized as one of the most productive... more Mangrove forest is a component of wetlands that has been recognized as one of the most productive ecosystem. Physico-chemical analysis of water quality of Kundapura mangrove forest, Karnataka, India, was studied at four different stations for a period of one year during April-2011 to March-2012. Atmospheric and surface water temperatures (◦C) varied from 24◦C to 31◦C and 22◦C to 29◦C respectively. Seasonal variations of different parameters investigated were as follows: pH (6.65 to 8.42), dissolved oxygen (3.25 to 11.78mg/l), biological oxygen demand (0 to 3.65mg/l), carbon dioxide (0.55 to 2.3mg/l), electrical conductivity (0.36 to 29.1ms-1), potassium (0.12 to 9.74mg/l), calcium (0.50 to 42.34 mg/l), magnesium (0.25 to 109.5mg/l), sodium (0.017 to 878.04mg/l), bicarbonate (1.40 to 6.23mg/l), carbonate (Nil), chloride (2.83 to 380.70mg/l), sodium absorption ratio (0.02 to 1300mg/l). A seasonal variation in these parameters was observed throughout the study period and mont...
The encounter rate of large mammals were estimated using a line transect method in the Lakkavalli... more The encounter rate of large mammals were estimated using a line transect method in the Lakkavalli range of Bhadra Wildlife Sanctuary during April 2007 to March 2008 in the Lakkavali range for four species of large herbivorous mammals: chital (Axis axis), sambar (Cervus unicolor), barking deer (Muntiacus muntjak) and gaur (Bos gaurus). The range was divided into several zones based on location and habitat types. From 4 permanent vehicle transects of 6-10 km and from a total of 31 km in different habitat transects, the number of individuals was higher during preand post-monsoon seasons. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-trc-10.1177_19400829211023264 for Quantifying Wire Snares as a Th... more Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-trc-10.1177_19400829211023264 for Quantifying Wire Snares as a Threat to Leopards in Karnataka, India by Sanjay Gubbi, Aparna Kolekar and Vijaya Kumara in Tropical Conservation Science
The present study was carried out to determine the periodic variation in physico-chemical charact... more The present study was carried out to determine the periodic variation in physico-chemical characteristics of mangrove soil samples. The soil samples had been accrued from four distinctive places of Kundapura mangrove areas in three seasons, monsoon, pre-monsoon and post-monsoon. Soil analysis pertaining to various variables such as total Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, pH and Electrical conductivity. Soil pH is assorted from 3.84 to 6.66. Electrical conductivity is assorted from 0.02 dSm-1 to 9.60 dSm-1. Available nitrogen is assorted from 30.7 kg/ha to 323 kg/ha. Available phosphorus concentration has ranged between 1.37 kg/ha and 47.27 kg/ha. Available potassium is differed from 117.43 kg/ha to 537.63 kg/ha. The results confirmed variations in all of the analyzed parameters of the soils amassed from four stations.
Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus; fingerlings and adult) was exposed to the sublethal ... more Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus; fingerlings and adult) was exposed to the sublethal concentration (30 ng/l) of estrogenic endocrine disrupter (17α-ethynylestradiol) for 14 d and allowed to recover in water free of test substance for 7 days. Behavioral patterns and respiratory responses were observed in sublethal concentration (on 7, 14 and R7 d). Some of the common behavioural changes exhibited by fingerlings in toxic media include disrupted shoaling behaviour, localization of fish to the bottom of the test chamber, independency (spreading out) in swimming, lethargic, restless, secreted slight mucus, and avoidance behaviour. No significant alteration in behaviour of adult fish (except slight mucus secretion on the body) was observed during the test in control and treated fish. The respiratory rate of fingerlings and adult fish in sublethal concentration of 30 ng 17α-ethynylestradiol/l were found in the order of 7 > 14 < R7 and 7 < 14 > R7, respectively. No s...
Though large felids are flagship species for wildlife conservation they are threatened due to var... more Though large felids are flagship species for wildlife conservation they are threatened due to various anthropogenic impacts. Mapping spatial patterns and quantification of threats to large felines can help conservation planning and resource allocation. The Leopard Panthera pardus, is categorized as Vulnerable by the IUCN as it faces a variety of threats. However, quantified data on the threats faced by leopards is scant. Hunting of wildlife using wire snares is one of the severest threats in India and elsewhere. Snaring, one of the simplest and most effective hunting techniques impacts other non-target species like the leopard. In this study, we document the spatial and temporal trends of snaring of leopards from India. Through content analysis of newspapers and news portals for the period January 2009-December 2020, we documented 113 incidents of leopards caught in snares of which 59.3% (5.5 leopards/year) resulted in mortality of leopards. Most snares (97.5%) were set to catch wil...
International Journal of Pharmaceutical & Biological Archive, 2013
Behavioural and Respiratory Responses of the Mozambique Tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus under Sub... more Behavioural and Respiratory Responses of the Mozambique Tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus under Sublethal 17 Ethynylestradiol Exposure
The present study documents the diversity and distribution of true mangroves and their associates... more The present study documents the diversity and distribution of true mangroves and their associates, from four sampling stations of Kundapura, Udupi district, Karnataka, Southwest Coast of India. These four sampling points selected along the backwaters of the river Haladi. Nine true mangrove floral species belonging to six families and ten mangroves associated floral species belonging to nine families were identified. In order to study the distribution pattern of mangrove species, Quadrate analysis was adopted. This paper highlights the need of present study to further gain knowledge about the mangrove flora in order to help the conservation of mangrove ecosystem.
The Lakkavalli range comprises an endangered habitat with several endemic species that can be fou... more The Lakkavalli range comprises an endangered habitat with several endemic species that can be found in many countries, mainly in the Lakkavalli range of the Bhadra Wildlife Sanctuary, but that are rapidly disappearing. For designing optimal conservation and management strategies for this ecosystem, appropriate characterization and classification of these wetlands is necessary based on the different types of habitats and their varying environmental conditions. This paper presents the current ecological status and threat to Lakkavalli range wetlands of Bhadra Wildlife Sanctuary and summarizes some management and conservation issues based on the existing experience on a regional level. The study reveals that most of the water and Soil quality parameters are in the normal range. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 2013
Human conflict with wildlife is a significant and growing conservation problem around the world. ... more Human conflict with wildlife is a significant and growing conservation problem around the world. Conservationists have long been concerned about the effects of human disturbance on wildlife (Carney and Sydeman, 1999). Wild animals causing damage in protected areas are not uncommon and are often major reasons for serious man-wildlife conflicts. The risk of wildlife damage to crops, livestock, and human lives provides incentives for rural residents to kill wildlife and to reduce the quantity and quality of habitat on private and communal lands. ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 2 Number 12 (2013) pp. 466-475 http://www.ijcmas.com
Butterflies are important bioindicators which should be protected to conserve the biodiversity an... more Butterflies are important bioindicators which should be protected to conserve the biodiversity and environment. Different species of plants and habitats of Lakkavalli range attract wide variety of butterfly fauna, which play a vital role in pollination of various flowering plants besides a key component of food chain. Regular survey were conducted from November 2009 to October 2010 by visual observation. A total of 54 species of butterflies belonging to eight families viz., Papilionidae, Lycaenidae, Nymphalidae, Danaidae, Satyridae, Acracidae, Pieridae ,Hesperidae were recorded, Out of which 16 species were abundant, 20 species common and 18 species rare. The study of seasonal variation revealed that 44 species present in monsoon which increased to 49 in winter and a least of 26 species in summer and 20 species were recorded all-round the year.
The avifaunal diversity and density of Mangrove Ecosystem, Kundapura, Udupi district, Karnataka, ... more The avifaunal diversity and density of Mangrove Ecosystem, Kundapura, Udupi district, Karnataka, India, was studied for a period of one year from July-2010 to June-2011 based on observational methods. The mangrove ecosystem is inhabited by a variety of smaller birds, resident birds, migratory birds and wading birds. One of the most productive ecosystems of world is mangrove forests, providing shelter and feeding sites for many avifaunas. Mangrove and habitat estuaries are being used for various purposes like prawn culture, collection of shells for lime and harvesting of fish. Fluctuation of salinity of water and variations in food availability in different seasons affected the avifaunal diversity in the study area. This habitat attracted 32 bird species, belonging to the 19 families, which are residential, residential migrants and migratory including aquatic birds, waders and others. Highest number of egrets, common myna, open billed storks, black headed ibis and crows was recorded ...
In the ecosystem, the four-horned antelope were selective feeders by browsing and grazing plant s... more In the ecosystem, the four-horned antelope were selective feeders by browsing and grazing plant species in different compositions. These species have adaptable characteristics to feed on nutritious parts of available shrubs and trees in their habitat. The study was conducted through fecal analysis studies on the diet of four-horned antelopes in Rangayyanadurga four-horned Antelope Wildlife Sanctuary, Karnataka, Southern India. The study identified 95.7% of the plant species that occurred in the pellet sample, with 4.30% remaining unidentified. The percentage occurrence of dicots in the pellet sample was 80.85%, while monocots had a minimum occurrence of 19.15%. In point of growth forms, trees accounted for 34.52%, shrubs for 19.15%, herbs for 19.10%, grasses for 19.14%, and climbers for 3.5%. The Poaceae family had the highest composition percentage of occurrence in the diet with 19.13%, followed by Fabaceae at 17.53% in the diet of four-horned antelope. The study concluded that ant...
Mangrove forest is a component of wetlands that has been recognized as one of the most productive... more Mangrove forest is a component of wetlands that has been recognized as one of the most productive ecosystem. Physico-chemical analysis of water quality of Kundapura mangrove forest, Karnataka, India, was studied at four different stations for a period of one year during April-2011 to March-2012. Atmospheric and surface water temperatures (◦C) varied from 24◦C to 31◦C and 22◦C to 29◦C respectively. Seasonal variations of different parameters investigated were as follows: pH (6.65 to 8.42), dissolved oxygen (3.25 to 11.78mg/l), biological oxygen demand (0 to 3.65mg/l), carbon dioxide (0.55 to 2.3mg/l), electrical conductivity (0.36 to 29.1ms-1), potassium (0.12 to 9.74mg/l), calcium (0.50 to 42.34 mg/l), magnesium (0.25 to 109.5mg/l), sodium (0.017 to 878.04mg/l), bicarbonate (1.40 to 6.23mg/l), carbonate (Nil), chloride (2.83 to 380.70mg/l), sodium absorption ratio (0.02 to 1300mg/l). A seasonal variation in these parameters was observed throughout the study period and mont...
The encounter rate of large mammals were estimated using a line transect method in the Lakkavalli... more The encounter rate of large mammals were estimated using a line transect method in the Lakkavalli range of Bhadra Wildlife Sanctuary during April 2007 to March 2008 in the Lakkavali range for four species of large herbivorous mammals: chital (Axis axis), sambar (Cervus unicolor), barking deer (Muntiacus muntjak) and gaur (Bos gaurus). The range was divided into several zones based on location and habitat types. From 4 permanent vehicle transects of 6-10 km and from a total of 31 km in different habitat transects, the number of individuals was higher during preand post-monsoon seasons. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-trc-10.1177_19400829211023264 for Quantifying Wire Snares as a Th... more Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-trc-10.1177_19400829211023264 for Quantifying Wire Snares as a Threat to Leopards in Karnataka, India by Sanjay Gubbi, Aparna Kolekar and Vijaya Kumara in Tropical Conservation Science
The present study was carried out to determine the periodic variation in physico-chemical charact... more The present study was carried out to determine the periodic variation in physico-chemical characteristics of mangrove soil samples. The soil samples had been accrued from four distinctive places of Kundapura mangrove areas in three seasons, monsoon, pre-monsoon and post-monsoon. Soil analysis pertaining to various variables such as total Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, pH and Electrical conductivity. Soil pH is assorted from 3.84 to 6.66. Electrical conductivity is assorted from 0.02 dSm-1 to 9.60 dSm-1. Available nitrogen is assorted from 30.7 kg/ha to 323 kg/ha. Available phosphorus concentration has ranged between 1.37 kg/ha and 47.27 kg/ha. Available potassium is differed from 117.43 kg/ha to 537.63 kg/ha. The results confirmed variations in all of the analyzed parameters of the soils amassed from four stations.
Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus; fingerlings and adult) was exposed to the sublethal ... more Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus; fingerlings and adult) was exposed to the sublethal concentration (30 ng/l) of estrogenic endocrine disrupter (17α-ethynylestradiol) for 14 d and allowed to recover in water free of test substance for 7 days. Behavioral patterns and respiratory responses were observed in sublethal concentration (on 7, 14 and R7 d). Some of the common behavioural changes exhibited by fingerlings in toxic media include disrupted shoaling behaviour, localization of fish to the bottom of the test chamber, independency (spreading out) in swimming, lethargic, restless, secreted slight mucus, and avoidance behaviour. No significant alteration in behaviour of adult fish (except slight mucus secretion on the body) was observed during the test in control and treated fish. The respiratory rate of fingerlings and adult fish in sublethal concentration of 30 ng 17α-ethynylestradiol/l were found in the order of 7 > 14 < R7 and 7 < 14 > R7, respectively. No s...
Though large felids are flagship species for wildlife conservation they are threatened due to var... more Though large felids are flagship species for wildlife conservation they are threatened due to various anthropogenic impacts. Mapping spatial patterns and quantification of threats to large felines can help conservation planning and resource allocation. The Leopard Panthera pardus, is categorized as Vulnerable by the IUCN as it faces a variety of threats. However, quantified data on the threats faced by leopards is scant. Hunting of wildlife using wire snares is one of the severest threats in India and elsewhere. Snaring, one of the simplest and most effective hunting techniques impacts other non-target species like the leopard. In this study, we document the spatial and temporal trends of snaring of leopards from India. Through content analysis of newspapers and news portals for the period January 2009-December 2020, we documented 113 incidents of leopards caught in snares of which 59.3% (5.5 leopards/year) resulted in mortality of leopards. Most snares (97.5%) were set to catch wil...
International Journal of Pharmaceutical & Biological Archive, 2013
Behavioural and Respiratory Responses of the Mozambique Tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus under Sub... more Behavioural and Respiratory Responses of the Mozambique Tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus under Sublethal 17 Ethynylestradiol Exposure
The present study documents the diversity and distribution of true mangroves and their associates... more The present study documents the diversity and distribution of true mangroves and their associates, from four sampling stations of Kundapura, Udupi district, Karnataka, Southwest Coast of India. These four sampling points selected along the backwaters of the river Haladi. Nine true mangrove floral species belonging to six families and ten mangroves associated floral species belonging to nine families were identified. In order to study the distribution pattern of mangrove species, Quadrate analysis was adopted. This paper highlights the need of present study to further gain knowledge about the mangrove flora in order to help the conservation of mangrove ecosystem.
The Lakkavalli range comprises an endangered habitat with several endemic species that can be fou... more The Lakkavalli range comprises an endangered habitat with several endemic species that can be found in many countries, mainly in the Lakkavalli range of the Bhadra Wildlife Sanctuary, but that are rapidly disappearing. For designing optimal conservation and management strategies for this ecosystem, appropriate characterization and classification of these wetlands is necessary based on the different types of habitats and their varying environmental conditions. This paper presents the current ecological status and threat to Lakkavalli range wetlands of Bhadra Wildlife Sanctuary and summarizes some management and conservation issues based on the existing experience on a regional level. The study reveals that most of the water and Soil quality parameters are in the normal range. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 2013
Human conflict with wildlife is a significant and growing conservation problem around the world. ... more Human conflict with wildlife is a significant and growing conservation problem around the world. Conservationists have long been concerned about the effects of human disturbance on wildlife (Carney and Sydeman, 1999). Wild animals causing damage in protected areas are not uncommon and are often major reasons for serious man-wildlife conflicts. The risk of wildlife damage to crops, livestock, and human lives provides incentives for rural residents to kill wildlife and to reduce the quantity and quality of habitat on private and communal lands. ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 2 Number 12 (2013) pp. 466-475 http://www.ijcmas.com
Butterflies are important bioindicators which should be protected to conserve the biodiversity an... more Butterflies are important bioindicators which should be protected to conserve the biodiversity and environment. Different species of plants and habitats of Lakkavalli range attract wide variety of butterfly fauna, which play a vital role in pollination of various flowering plants besides a key component of food chain. Regular survey were conducted from November 2009 to October 2010 by visual observation. A total of 54 species of butterflies belonging to eight families viz., Papilionidae, Lycaenidae, Nymphalidae, Danaidae, Satyridae, Acracidae, Pieridae ,Hesperidae were recorded, Out of which 16 species were abundant, 20 species common and 18 species rare. The study of seasonal variation revealed that 44 species present in monsoon which increased to 49 in winter and a least of 26 species in summer and 20 species were recorded all-round the year.
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