Until now the attitude to the Teutonic Knights and Lithuanian fights against them was politicised... more Until now the attitude to the Teutonic Knights and Lithuanian fights against them was politicised. In the period between the World Wars the historians were concerned about showing Lithuanians in the history of Lithuania and resisting judgements imposed by German, Polish and Russia historiography, which were uncomfortable, unpleasant and insulting for Lithuanians. After the World War II this trend of historiography survived but Lithuanians no longer existed in the history of Lithuania. They were replaced by a leitmotif of the friendship between Russians and Lithuanians, or even better - between the Baltic nations and Russians that existed from the ancient times till the "victory of socialism". A book by Hartmut Boockmann dedicated to the Teutonic Knights makes the reader to reconsider the relations between Lithuanians and defeated Prussians and the Teutonic Knights. the book is even more important for introducing the present trends observed in the German historiography, whi...
Omówienie publikacji "Formularz z Uppsali". Późnośredniowieczna księga formularzowa bis... more Omówienie publikacji "Formularz z Uppsali". Późnośredniowieczna księga formularzowa biskupstw pruskich (Fontes Twoarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu, T.109), Komentarz i edycja Radosław Biskup, Toruń: Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu, 2016, ss.396.
The reception of the ideology of the 13th-14th с Crusades on the Eastern coast of the Baltic Sea,... more The reception of the ideology of the 13th-14th с Crusades on the Eastern coast of the Baltic Sea, the ideological imperatives of the Holy War, and their reflections in the Chronicle of Peter of Dusburg, one of the most famous chroniclers of the conquest of the Baltic tribes, are analyzed in the article. Even though lately the said Chronicle has been paid great attention to in foreign historiography, in Lithuanian historiography the rhetoric of the Holy War, related to the particular example of the Battle of Durbe, has not been analyzed so far. Moreover, the assessment of the spread of Christian missions in the contexts of the battle of Durbe, as well as its activeness, dynamics, and the relation to the Crusades, have not been analyzed, either
The search into this issue is going on in historiography for the last two hundred years. Historia... more The search into this issue is going on in historiography for the last two hundred years. Historian overviews the most recent tendencies in discussing and researching this issue. While attempting to create God’s kingdom on earth, Christians tried to draw up their relation to other religious communities. It is important to note, that wars of the cross against Muslims and Pagans were no longer treated as Christian mission. Thus a monk who urged to join the warriors of the cross felt no contradiction between holy war and peaceful preaching the gospel. Such was the specificity of medieval thinking and mentality, thus if one refuses to understand it the Middle Ages will remain the “dark ages”
The first ruler of Lithuania, Mindaugas, faced various threats: the desire of relatives to seize ... more The first ruler of Lithuania, Mindaugas, faced various threats: the desire of relatives to seize power, the danger of the Livonian Order. One of the possible ways to eliminate these threats was the Catholic baptism of the pagan Mindaugas and Lithuania. This is exactly what he chose in 1251, and he became the King of Lithuania in 1253. However, the information from sources reflecting the activities of Mindaugas is controversial. This raises various problematic issues. One of the main issues is whether baptized Mindaugas remained a Christian until he died, or before dying he returned to the pagan roots. The problem is addressed in assessing the information of sources relevant to the study in the wider context of the history of Christianity in Europe. During the preparation before the baptism Mindaugas was introduced to the dogmas of Christian faith, worldview, and lifestyle. Therefore, as a pagan he had to undergo a breakthrough in his consciousness that would allow him to adopt Chris...
Until now the attitude to the Teutonic Knights and Lithuanian fights against them was politicised... more Until now the attitude to the Teutonic Knights and Lithuanian fights against them was politicised. In the period between the World Wars the historians were concerned about showing Lithuanians in the history of Lithuania and resisting judgements imposed by German, Polish and Russia historiography, which were uncomfortable, unpleasant and insulting for Lithuanians. After the World War II this trend of historiography survived but Lithuanians no longer existed in the history of Lithuania. They were replaced by a leitmotif of the friendship between Russians and Lithuanians, or even better - between the Baltic nations and Russians that existed from the ancient times till the "victory of socialism". A book by Hartmut Boockmann dedicated to the Teutonic Knights makes the reader to reconsider the relations between Lithuanians and defeated Prussians and the Teutonic Knights. the book is even more important for introducing the present trends observed in the German historiography, whi...
Omówienie publikacji "Formularz z Uppsali". Późnośredniowieczna księga formularzowa bis... more Omówienie publikacji "Formularz z Uppsali". Późnośredniowieczna księga formularzowa biskupstw pruskich (Fontes Twoarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu, T.109), Komentarz i edycja Radosław Biskup, Toruń: Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu, 2016, ss.396.
The reception of the ideology of the 13th-14th с Crusades on the Eastern coast of the Baltic Sea,... more The reception of the ideology of the 13th-14th с Crusades on the Eastern coast of the Baltic Sea, the ideological imperatives of the Holy War, and their reflections in the Chronicle of Peter of Dusburg, one of the most famous chroniclers of the conquest of the Baltic tribes, are analyzed in the article. Even though lately the said Chronicle has been paid great attention to in foreign historiography, in Lithuanian historiography the rhetoric of the Holy War, related to the particular example of the Battle of Durbe, has not been analyzed so far. Moreover, the assessment of the spread of Christian missions in the contexts of the battle of Durbe, as well as its activeness, dynamics, and the relation to the Crusades, have not been analyzed, either
The search into this issue is going on in historiography for the last two hundred years. Historia... more The search into this issue is going on in historiography for the last two hundred years. Historian overviews the most recent tendencies in discussing and researching this issue. While attempting to create God’s kingdom on earth, Christians tried to draw up their relation to other religious communities. It is important to note, that wars of the cross against Muslims and Pagans were no longer treated as Christian mission. Thus a monk who urged to join the warriors of the cross felt no contradiction between holy war and peaceful preaching the gospel. Such was the specificity of medieval thinking and mentality, thus if one refuses to understand it the Middle Ages will remain the “dark ages”
The first ruler of Lithuania, Mindaugas, faced various threats: the desire of relatives to seize ... more The first ruler of Lithuania, Mindaugas, faced various threats: the desire of relatives to seize power, the danger of the Livonian Order. One of the possible ways to eliminate these threats was the Catholic baptism of the pagan Mindaugas and Lithuania. This is exactly what he chose in 1251, and he became the King of Lithuania in 1253. However, the information from sources reflecting the activities of Mindaugas is controversial. This raises various problematic issues. One of the main issues is whether baptized Mindaugas remained a Christian until he died, or before dying he returned to the pagan roots. The problem is addressed in assessing the information of sources relevant to the study in the wider context of the history of Christianity in Europe. During the preparation before the baptism Mindaugas was introduced to the dogmas of Christian faith, worldview, and lifestyle. Therefore, as a pagan he had to undergo a breakthrough in his consciousness that would allow him to adopt Chris...
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