The paper highlights bacteriological contamination of drinking water in Aligarh city. The main wa... more The paper highlights bacteriological contamination of drinking water in Aligarh city. The main water supply of Aligarh city is groundwater, as there is no surface water supply nearby. The groundwater is being used to meet all the requirements of the domestic as well as industrial water supply. To investigate the possible contamination of ground water by the percolation of wastewater, water samples from hand pumps near by major drains and lagoons were analysed using standard methods. All the samples were compared with the previous studies and standard desirable limit in drinking water. The results from the analysis show the presence of E.Coli and found above the permissible limit by several times in drinking water. Results pin points the source of contamination and it also presents several remedial measures to counteract the contamination in groundwater. Key Words : Drinking water, E. Coli, Drains and Lagoons. Corresponding Author E-mail environmental629@gmail.com cell no. +91-976042...
This paper represents comparative experimental study on mechanical performance of polypropylene f... more This paper represents comparative experimental study on mechanical performance of polypropylene fibre reinforced concrete (PFRC) under compression and split tensile loading. The cube compressive strength and cylinder split tensile strength of conventional concrete and polypropylene fibre reinforced concrete were determined in the laboratory. The M15 and M20 grades of concrete mixes and polypropylene mono-filament macro-fibers of length 35 mm at volume fractions of 0.0%, 0.5%. 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0%, 2.5% and 3.0% were used in the research. All specimens were tested at curing age of 28 days. In this paper the relationship between cube compressive strength and cylinder split tensile strength for conventional and polypropylene fibre reinforced concrete were established and compared with standards. The study suggested the significant improvement in compressive and tensile strength for concrete mixes reinforced with polypropylene fibers. The samples with added polypropylene fibers of 1% showed...
Groundwater is the second largest water source for daily consumption, only next to surface water ... more Groundwater is the second largest water source for daily consumption, only next to surface water resources. Groundwater has been extensively investigated for its pollution level in urban areas. The groundwater quality assessments in industrial areas associated with every urban landscape are still lacking. This study was carried out in two industrial areas including Okhla and Mohan cooperative in New Delhi, India. The six groundwater samples were obtained for water quality assessment for 2015 and 2018. The heavy metals investigated in water samples were Cu, As, Pb, Mn, Ni, Zn, Fe, Cr, and Mn. Water quality was assessed in the heavy metals index (MI) and heavy metal pollution index (HPI). From indexing approach, it was observed that pollution levels have increased in year 2018 as compared to the year 2015. MI < 1 for Cu in 2015 and 2018 in both industrial areas. In the case of remaining metals, MI ranged from 2.5 to 8.4. When the HPI indexing approach was adopted, water was unfit for drinking in both industrial areas in 2015 and 2018, with an HPI value > 100. Non-carcinogenic risk assessment (HI) ranged from 1.7 to 1.9 in 2015, increasing from 17.41 to 217 in 2018, indicating high risk in both years. Carcinogenic risk (CR) was within the acceptable range for 48% of each heavy metal analysed sample. When the Carcinogenic risk index was considered (CRI), all samples were beyond the acceptable range, and every person was prone to carcinogenic risk in 2015.
International journal of scientific research in science, engineering and technology, Jun 30, 2016
The Big cities of India are upcoming with astonishing Buildings in terms of Planning and design. ... more The Big cities of India are upcoming with astonishing Buildings in terms of Planning and design. But when the small cities of India are taken into account buildings lack in proper planning and design in general. The main focus still rest with active ventilation in building while the passive ventilation system is not only lacking but totally absent. The Study covers the multi storeyed buildings of Aligarh, U.P. India. The present design of building was taken into consideration and the proper points to induce passive ventilation were identified. The Buildings were already completed and are under use. The study suggests the alterations to be done to enable the passive ventilation in the building without altering the building structure. The study concludes that the passive ventilation in the buildings can be done economically without any change in building utility by providing sack ventilation or solar chimneys.
The study is aimed at determining the interrelationship between various mechanical properties of ... more The study is aimed at determining the interrelationship between various mechanical properties of Polypropylene Fibre Reinforced Concrete (PFRC). The existing Indian standard recommendations for characteristics relationships for normal-strength concrete were evaluated to determine their validity for PFRC. M 30 PFRC mix was analyzed in terms of compressive strength, modulus of rupture, splitting tensile strength, and modulus of elasticity. The Indian standard IS: 456 [13] relationships for the prediction of the modulus of rupture and the splitting tensile resulted in non-conservative results for PFRC; an alternative relationship is proposed for the PFRC while the results for Modulus of Elasticity were close to the relationship given by IS
The advantage of reinforced soil in form of economy, ease of construction has resulted in extensi... more The advantage of reinforced soil in form of economy, ease of construction has resulted in extensive use of Reinforced soil in geotechnical engineering design and construction. This paper evaluates the effect of geotextile reinforcement on CBR value of soil. A total of 8 samples reinforced with varying degree and positon of geotextile fibre layer in soil were tested to determine the CBR value. One soil sample with no geotextile fibre content was also tested to determine the changes in CBR value due to geotextile fibre reinforcement. The CBR value was determined at two penetration depth namely 2mm and 5mm. the results obtained depicted that the soil samples consisting 3 layers of geotextile fibre resulted in highest CBR value.
The advantages of fiber-reinforcement in soils have gained attention in the last couple of decade... more The advantages of fiber-reinforcement in soils have gained attention in the last couple of decades. This study presents data from laboratory undrained triaxial tests on reinforced and unreinforced samples Soils. The standard specimen size was 38mm x 76mm. The undrained shearing behaviour of the reinforced and non-reinforced soil is also analysed and conclusions drawn. The addition of fiber in soil sample enhanced the peak strength of RDFS.
The Solid waste management is one of the biggest ever increasing problems faced all around the gl... more The Solid waste management is one of the biggest ever increasing problems faced all around the globe. From developing countries to developed countries all are facing the same scenario of increasing waste and reduced disposal options. The study focuses on one of the small municipality of Ahad Rufaydah, located in Asir province south of Saudi Arabia. The study is to analyse the current solid waste disposal hierarchy of the Municipality of Ahad Rufaydah
Stability of the pressure measuring instruments over the years is one of the important parameters... more Stability of the pressure measuring instruments over the years is one of the important parameters in defining the quality of results quantitatively. Indeed, several commercial instruments are available for pressure measurements, whenever such instruments are used for precise and accurate pressure measurements, it is obligatory on the part of measurement authority to indicate the accuracy of results. In the present investigation, we have studied dead weight tester to calibrate Bourdan type pressure gauge, After Experimental work it is found that the gauge is giving better result at lower reading and as we increase weight the gauge reading seems to give significant changes in the result with respect to actual pressure
International Journal of Scientific Research in Science and Technology, 2016
The advantage of reinforced soil in form of economy, ease of construction has resulted in extensi... more The advantage of reinforced soil in form of economy, ease of construction has resulted in extensive use of Reinforced soil in geotechnical engineering design and construction. This paper evaluates the effect of geotextile reinforcement on CBR value of soil. A total of 8 samples reinforced with varying degree and positon of geotextile fibre layer in soil were tested to determine the CBR value. One soil sample with no geotextile fibre content was also tested to determine the changes in CBR value due to geotextile fibre reinforcement. The CBR value was determined at two penetration depth namely 2mm and 5mm. the results obtained depicted that the soil samples consisting 3 layers of geotextile fibre resulted in highest CBR value.
Landslide is a natural geological disaster, greatly affected by geological features, precipitatio... more Landslide is a natural geological disaster, greatly affected by geological features, precipitation and anthropogenic activities. The characteristics of the Abha mountainous watershed are sedimentary soft, hard silt and clay rocks.
Imperial journal of interdisciplinary research, 2016
Fly Ash Infusion in concrete results in enhancement of its mechanical properties resulting in str... more Fly Ash Infusion in concrete results in enhancement of its mechanical properties resulting in stronger concrete matrix which can be used in structural elements. The study analyse the rate of gain of strength of low volume fly ash concrete (LVFAC) at 10% Fly ash content. The stone dust and Recycled aggregates were varied at the rate of 5%, 10%, and 15%. The compressive strength at 7 days and 28 days was determined to analyse the rate of gain of strength. The fly ash accelerates the rate of gain of strength of concrete matrix with stone dust and recycled aggregates.
International Journal of Scientific Research in Science and Technology, 2017
The experimental investigation of A7075 matrix reinforced with Bagasse Ash (BA) particle with 1,3... more The experimental investigation of A7075 matrix reinforced with Bagasse Ash (BA) particle with 1,3,5,7,9,11 and 13wt% composites was fabricated by stir casting technique and also hybrid composites processed at 5wt% Gr with same wt% of BA particles. The abrasive wear behaviour of composites was carried out by using dry sliding pin on disc machine. The various parameters affects like applied load, sliding speed, wt% of BA particle and Gr particles were considered for this study of wear resistance and friction effect under dry sliding condition. The wear rate and coefficient of friction are found by effecting parameters such as increase in load (10, 20, and 30 N), increase in sliding speed (0.42, 0.84, and 1.68 m/s) and wt% BA (1,3,5,7,9,11 and 13t%) has been obtained. The effect of load and speed on dry sliding wear rate and coefficient of friction performance of Al7075 casting alloy and its composites was evaluated using a pin-on-disc with three different loads and three different speeds at room temperature. Significant effect of factors and conditions was identified, experiments results shows that, the wear rate and coefficient of friction increased with increase in load and decreased with increase in sliding distance, however the coefficient of friction decreased with increasing sliding speed before stable state reached. The influence of graphite particle performs as self lubricant element towards controlling the wear behaviour shows in hybrid composites which improves wear resistance. This investigation use of Taguchi method to minimizing experiments wear rate and coefficient of friction AMMCs. A experiments plan, based on orthogonal array L 9 design used to obtain signal-to-noise ratio of response parameters wear rate and coefficient of friction. Finally analyzing effected parameters and results shows that optimal combination and compatible level of affecting parameters.
The paper highlights bacteriological contamination of drinking water in Aligarh city. The main wa... more The paper highlights bacteriological contamination of drinking water in Aligarh city. The main water supply of Aligarh city is groundwater, as there is no surface water supply nearby. The groundwater is being used to meet all the requirements of the domestic as well as industrial water supply. To investigate the possible contamination of ground water by the percolation of wastewater, water samples from hand pumps near by major drains and lagoons were analysed using standard methods. All the samples were compared with the previous studies and standard desirable limit in drinking water. The results from the analysis show the presence of E.Coli and found above the permissible limit by several times in drinking water. Results pin points the source of contamination and it also presents several remedial measures to counteract the contamination in groundwater. Key Words : Drinking water, E. Coli, Drains and Lagoons. Corresponding Author E-mail environmental629@gmail.com cell no. +91-976042...
This paper represents comparative experimental study on mechanical performance of polypropylene f... more This paper represents comparative experimental study on mechanical performance of polypropylene fibre reinforced concrete (PFRC) under compression and split tensile loading. The cube compressive strength and cylinder split tensile strength of conventional concrete and polypropylene fibre reinforced concrete were determined in the laboratory. The M15 and M20 grades of concrete mixes and polypropylene mono-filament macro-fibers of length 35 mm at volume fractions of 0.0%, 0.5%. 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0%, 2.5% and 3.0% were used in the research. All specimens were tested at curing age of 28 days. In this paper the relationship between cube compressive strength and cylinder split tensile strength for conventional and polypropylene fibre reinforced concrete were established and compared with standards. The study suggested the significant improvement in compressive and tensile strength for concrete mixes reinforced with polypropylene fibers. The samples with added polypropylene fibers of 1% showed...
Groundwater is the second largest water source for daily consumption, only next to surface water ... more Groundwater is the second largest water source for daily consumption, only next to surface water resources. Groundwater has been extensively investigated for its pollution level in urban areas. The groundwater quality assessments in industrial areas associated with every urban landscape are still lacking. This study was carried out in two industrial areas including Okhla and Mohan cooperative in New Delhi, India. The six groundwater samples were obtained for water quality assessment for 2015 and 2018. The heavy metals investigated in water samples were Cu, As, Pb, Mn, Ni, Zn, Fe, Cr, and Mn. Water quality was assessed in the heavy metals index (MI) and heavy metal pollution index (HPI). From indexing approach, it was observed that pollution levels have increased in year 2018 as compared to the year 2015. MI < 1 for Cu in 2015 and 2018 in both industrial areas. In the case of remaining metals, MI ranged from 2.5 to 8.4. When the HPI indexing approach was adopted, water was unfit for drinking in both industrial areas in 2015 and 2018, with an HPI value > 100. Non-carcinogenic risk assessment (HI) ranged from 1.7 to 1.9 in 2015, increasing from 17.41 to 217 in 2018, indicating high risk in both years. Carcinogenic risk (CR) was within the acceptable range for 48% of each heavy metal analysed sample. When the Carcinogenic risk index was considered (CRI), all samples were beyond the acceptable range, and every person was prone to carcinogenic risk in 2015.
International journal of scientific research in science, engineering and technology, Jun 30, 2016
The Big cities of India are upcoming with astonishing Buildings in terms of Planning and design. ... more The Big cities of India are upcoming with astonishing Buildings in terms of Planning and design. But when the small cities of India are taken into account buildings lack in proper planning and design in general. The main focus still rest with active ventilation in building while the passive ventilation system is not only lacking but totally absent. The Study covers the multi storeyed buildings of Aligarh, U.P. India. The present design of building was taken into consideration and the proper points to induce passive ventilation were identified. The Buildings were already completed and are under use. The study suggests the alterations to be done to enable the passive ventilation in the building without altering the building structure. The study concludes that the passive ventilation in the buildings can be done economically without any change in building utility by providing sack ventilation or solar chimneys.
The study is aimed at determining the interrelationship between various mechanical properties of ... more The study is aimed at determining the interrelationship between various mechanical properties of Polypropylene Fibre Reinforced Concrete (PFRC). The existing Indian standard recommendations for characteristics relationships for normal-strength concrete were evaluated to determine their validity for PFRC. M 30 PFRC mix was analyzed in terms of compressive strength, modulus of rupture, splitting tensile strength, and modulus of elasticity. The Indian standard IS: 456 [13] relationships for the prediction of the modulus of rupture and the splitting tensile resulted in non-conservative results for PFRC; an alternative relationship is proposed for the PFRC while the results for Modulus of Elasticity were close to the relationship given by IS
The advantage of reinforced soil in form of economy, ease of construction has resulted in extensi... more The advantage of reinforced soil in form of economy, ease of construction has resulted in extensive use of Reinforced soil in geotechnical engineering design and construction. This paper evaluates the effect of geotextile reinforcement on CBR value of soil. A total of 8 samples reinforced with varying degree and positon of geotextile fibre layer in soil were tested to determine the CBR value. One soil sample with no geotextile fibre content was also tested to determine the changes in CBR value due to geotextile fibre reinforcement. The CBR value was determined at two penetration depth namely 2mm and 5mm. the results obtained depicted that the soil samples consisting 3 layers of geotextile fibre resulted in highest CBR value.
The advantages of fiber-reinforcement in soils have gained attention in the last couple of decade... more The advantages of fiber-reinforcement in soils have gained attention in the last couple of decades. This study presents data from laboratory undrained triaxial tests on reinforced and unreinforced samples Soils. The standard specimen size was 38mm x 76mm. The undrained shearing behaviour of the reinforced and non-reinforced soil is also analysed and conclusions drawn. The addition of fiber in soil sample enhanced the peak strength of RDFS.
The Solid waste management is one of the biggest ever increasing problems faced all around the gl... more The Solid waste management is one of the biggest ever increasing problems faced all around the globe. From developing countries to developed countries all are facing the same scenario of increasing waste and reduced disposal options. The study focuses on one of the small municipality of Ahad Rufaydah, located in Asir province south of Saudi Arabia. The study is to analyse the current solid waste disposal hierarchy of the Municipality of Ahad Rufaydah
Stability of the pressure measuring instruments over the years is one of the important parameters... more Stability of the pressure measuring instruments over the years is one of the important parameters in defining the quality of results quantitatively. Indeed, several commercial instruments are available for pressure measurements, whenever such instruments are used for precise and accurate pressure measurements, it is obligatory on the part of measurement authority to indicate the accuracy of results. In the present investigation, we have studied dead weight tester to calibrate Bourdan type pressure gauge, After Experimental work it is found that the gauge is giving better result at lower reading and as we increase weight the gauge reading seems to give significant changes in the result with respect to actual pressure
International Journal of Scientific Research in Science and Technology, 2016
The advantage of reinforced soil in form of economy, ease of construction has resulted in extensi... more The advantage of reinforced soil in form of economy, ease of construction has resulted in extensive use of Reinforced soil in geotechnical engineering design and construction. This paper evaluates the effect of geotextile reinforcement on CBR value of soil. A total of 8 samples reinforced with varying degree and positon of geotextile fibre layer in soil were tested to determine the CBR value. One soil sample with no geotextile fibre content was also tested to determine the changes in CBR value due to geotextile fibre reinforcement. The CBR value was determined at two penetration depth namely 2mm and 5mm. the results obtained depicted that the soil samples consisting 3 layers of geotextile fibre resulted in highest CBR value.
Landslide is a natural geological disaster, greatly affected by geological features, precipitatio... more Landslide is a natural geological disaster, greatly affected by geological features, precipitation and anthropogenic activities. The characteristics of the Abha mountainous watershed are sedimentary soft, hard silt and clay rocks.
Imperial journal of interdisciplinary research, 2016
Fly Ash Infusion in concrete results in enhancement of its mechanical properties resulting in str... more Fly Ash Infusion in concrete results in enhancement of its mechanical properties resulting in stronger concrete matrix which can be used in structural elements. The study analyse the rate of gain of strength of low volume fly ash concrete (LVFAC) at 10% Fly ash content. The stone dust and Recycled aggregates were varied at the rate of 5%, 10%, and 15%. The compressive strength at 7 days and 28 days was determined to analyse the rate of gain of strength. The fly ash accelerates the rate of gain of strength of concrete matrix with stone dust and recycled aggregates.
International Journal of Scientific Research in Science and Technology, 2017
The experimental investigation of A7075 matrix reinforced with Bagasse Ash (BA) particle with 1,3... more The experimental investigation of A7075 matrix reinforced with Bagasse Ash (BA) particle with 1,3,5,7,9,11 and 13wt% composites was fabricated by stir casting technique and also hybrid composites processed at 5wt% Gr with same wt% of BA particles. The abrasive wear behaviour of composites was carried out by using dry sliding pin on disc machine. The various parameters affects like applied load, sliding speed, wt% of BA particle and Gr particles were considered for this study of wear resistance and friction effect under dry sliding condition. The wear rate and coefficient of friction are found by effecting parameters such as increase in load (10, 20, and 30 N), increase in sliding speed (0.42, 0.84, and 1.68 m/s) and wt% BA (1,3,5,7,9,11 and 13t%) has been obtained. The effect of load and speed on dry sliding wear rate and coefficient of friction performance of Al7075 casting alloy and its composites was evaluated using a pin-on-disc with three different loads and three different speeds at room temperature. Significant effect of factors and conditions was identified, experiments results shows that, the wear rate and coefficient of friction increased with increase in load and decreased with increase in sliding distance, however the coefficient of friction decreased with increasing sliding speed before stable state reached. The influence of graphite particle performs as self lubricant element towards controlling the wear behaviour shows in hybrid composites which improves wear resistance. This investigation use of Taguchi method to minimizing experiments wear rate and coefficient of friction AMMCs. A experiments plan, based on orthogonal array L 9 design used to obtain signal-to-noise ratio of response parameters wear rate and coefficient of friction. Finally analyzing effected parameters and results shows that optimal combination and compatible level of affecting parameters.
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