We use the magnitude and centroid period of Rayleigh wave along with the amplitude of fluctuation... more We use the magnitude and centroid period of Rayleigh wave along with the amplitude of fluctuations of water level in a well to calculate effective porosity of a karst aquifer at the site scale. The radial and vertical displacements of Rayleigh wave are first related to the confining pressure of rock, which is then related to fluid pressure via the Gassmann equation. Three seismograms recorded at station 633A of the USARRAY and the induced responses of Well J-17 in the Edwards Aquifer (Texas) allow the calculation of an effective porosity between 17.0 and 24.4 percent, the average of which is close to the total porosity of core samples determined by geophysical well logs. This paper provides an innovative method to measure effective porosity in aquifers. Because of the long wavelengths of Rayleigh wave, the interdisciplinary approach is advantageous in that the resulting effective porosity is at the site scale which includes large conduits or voids
A tracer test during low-flow conditions was carried out in the karstic aquifer of Sierra de las ... more A tracer test during low-flow conditions was carried out in the karstic aquifer of Sierra de las Nieves (Málaga) in order to assess its hydrogeological functioning and vulnerability to contamination. Two kilogrammes of Eosine were injected in an active siphon located in the Sima del Aire cave shaft (-640 m) at the end of August 2003. The springs were sampled until November 2003. For more than 50 days, the tracer was not detected at any of the springs. After several rainfall events in October 2003, a signal was observed in the two Río Grande springs. The first arrival of Eosine appears before the increase of spring discharge and the dilution effect of the most important rainfalls (86 mm, October 25th). The calculated groundwater velocities (below 4 m/hour) are not representative of the dry period because rainfall forced the Eosine transport. However, they give an idea about the long residence time if a contamination event occurs during low-flow condition
A tracer test during low-flow conditions was carried out in the karstic aquifer of Sierra de las ... more A tracer test during low-flow conditions was carried out in the karstic aquifer of Sierra de las Nieves (Málaga) in order to assess its hydrogeological functioning and vulnerability to contamination. Two kilogrammes of Eosine were injected in an active siphon located in the Sima del Aire cave shaft (-640 m) at the end of August 2003. The springs were sampled until November 2003. For more than 50 days, the tracer was not detected at any of the springs. After several rainfall events in October 2003, a signal was observed in the two Río Grande springs. The first arrival of Eosine appears before the increase of spring discharge and the dilution effect of the most important rainfalls (86 mm, October 25th). The calculated groundwater velocities (below 4 m/hour) are not representative of the dry period because rainfall forced the Eosine transport. However, they give an idea about the long residence time if a contamination event occurs during low-flow condition
This paper presents a quantitative study of the relationship between the cave system and the tect... more This paper presents a quantitative study of the relationship between the cave system and the tectonic and karst evolution of the Dong Van Karst Plateau based on analysis and statistics of geometric parameters and orientation of cave passages. The region is located in northern Vietnam and belongs to the extended part of the South China karst belt (Yunnan karst plateau), which is composed mainly of carbonate rocks. Cave classification based on cave conduits geometric parameters shows that caves developed mainly in the vadose zone (27 vadose branchwork caves, 10 mixed caves developed under the control of fault systems, and 12 water-table caves). The degree of correlation between cave levels and planation surfaces suggests that the development of horizontal cave passages is related to two levels of planation surfaces, including one at 1250–1450 masl (equivalent to cave level at 1350–1450 masl), and at 1000–1250 masl (corresponding to cave level at 1200–1250 masl). Additionally, cave pas...
This paper presents a quantitative study of the relationship between the cave system and the tect... more This paper presents a quantitative study of the relationship between the cave system and the tectonic and karst evolution of the Dong Van Karst Plateau based on analysis and statistics of geometric parameters and orientation of cave passages. The region is located in northern Vietnam and belongs to the extended part of the South China karst belt (Yunnan karst plateau), which is composed mainly of carbonate rocks. Cave classification based on cave conduits geometric parameters shows that caves developed mainly in the vadose zone (27 vadose branchwork caves, 10 mixed caves developed under the control of fault systems, and 12 water-table caves). The degree of correlation between cave levels and planation surfaces suggests that the development of horizontal cave passages is related to two levels of planation surfaces, including one at 1250–1450 masl (equivalent to cave level at 1350–1450 masl), and at 1000–1250 masl (corresponding to cave level at 1200–1250 masl). Additionally, cave pas...
Anisotropic fast-marching algorithms are computationally efficient tools for generating realistic... more Anisotropic fast-marching algorithms are computationally efficient tools for generating realistic maps of karst conduit networks, constrained by both the spatial extent and the orientation of karstifiable geologic units. Existing models to generate conduit network maps are limited either by high computational requirements (for chemistry-based models) or by their inability to incorporate the effects of elevation and orientation gradients (for isotropic fast-marching models). The new anisotropic fast-marching approach described here provides a significant improvement, though it imitates rather than reproduces actual speleogenetic processes. It can rapidly generate a stochastic ensemble of plausible networks from basic geologic information, which can also be used as input to karst-appropriate flow models. This paper introduces an open-source, easy-to-use implementation through the Python package pyKasso, then describes its application to a well-mapped geologically complex long-term stu...
Anisotropic fast-marching algorithms are computationally efficient tools for generating realistic... more Anisotropic fast-marching algorithms are computationally efficient tools for generating realistic maps of karst conduit networks, constrained by both the spatial extent and the orientation of karstifiable geologic units. Existing models to generate conduit network maps are limited either by high computational requirements (for chemistry-based models) or by their inability to incorporate the effects of elevation and orientation gradients (for isotropic fast-marching models). The new anisotropic fast-marching approach described here provides a significant improvement, though it imitates rather than reproduces actual speleogenetic processes. It can rapidly generate a stochastic ensemble of plausible networks from basic geologic information, which can also be used as input to karst-appropriate flow models. This paper introduces an open-source, easy-to-use implementation through the Python package pyKasso, then describes its application to a well-mapped geologically complex long-term stu...
kartiranja ranljivosti in tveganja za onesnaženje voda za va rovanje kraških vodonosnikov v Slove... more kartiranja ranljivosti in tveganja za onesnaženje voda za va rovanje kraških vodonosnikov v Sloveniji Upoštevajoč posebnosti slovenskega krasa smo na podlagi smernic evropskega projekta COST Action 620 predlagali splošen pristop k ocenjevanju ranljivosti in tveganja kraški� voda za onesnaženje. Tako imenovani Slovenski pristop us-treza slovenski okoljski zakonodaji in omogoča primerjavo z razmerami v Evropi. Metoda pri ocenjevanju ranljivosti pod-talnice upošteva časovno �idrološko spremenljivost, ponuja možnost povezovanja zaščite površinski � in podzemni � voda ter predlaga nove smernice za zaščito podzemne vode in vod-ni � virov, za kar je bil razvit nov faktor K (pretakanje kraški� voda v zasičeni coni). Slovenski pristop predvideva obširno analizo tveganja, ki temelji na oceni naravne ranljivosti, dejan-ski � in potencialni � obremenjevalcev ter pomembnosti vod-
kartiranja ranljivosti in tveganja za onesnaženje voda za va rovanje kraških vodonosnikov v Slove... more kartiranja ranljivosti in tveganja za onesnaženje voda za va rovanje kraških vodonosnikov v Sloveniji Upoštevajoč posebnosti slovenskega krasa smo na podlagi smernic evropskega projekta COST Action 620 predlagali splošen pristop k ocenjevanju ranljivosti in tveganja kraški� voda za onesnaženje. Tako imenovani Slovenski pristop us-treza slovenski okoljski zakonodaji in omogoča primerjavo z razmerami v Evropi. Metoda pri ocenjevanju ranljivosti pod-talnice upošteva časovno �idrološko spremenljivost, ponuja možnost povezovanja zaščite površinski � in podzemni � voda ter predlaga nove smernice za zaščito podzemne vode in vod-ni � virov, za kar je bil razvit nov faktor K (pretakanje kraški� voda v zasičeni coni). Slovenski pristop predvideva obširno analizo tveganja, ki temelji na oceni naravne ranljivosti, dejan-ski � in potencialni � obremenjevalcev ter pomembnosti vod-
SMART was a multi-lateral research project with partners from Germany, Israel, Jordan and the Pal... more SMART was a multi-lateral research project with partners from Germany, Israel, Jordan and the Palestinian Territories. The overall goal was to develop a transferable approach for Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) in the water shortage region of the Lower Jordan Valley. The innovative aspect addressed all available water resources: groundwater and surface waters, but also wastewater, brackish water and flood water that need to be treated for use.
SMART was a multi-lateral research project with partners from Germany, Israel, Jordan and the Pal... more SMART was a multi-lateral research project with partners from Germany, Israel, Jordan and the Palestinian Territories. The overall goal was to develop a transferable approach for Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) in the water shortage region of the Lower Jordan Valley. The innovative aspect addressed all available water resources: groundwater and surface waters, but also wastewater, brackish water and flood water that need to be treated for use.
Karst aquifers have a different hydraulic structure and behavior than porous media and therefore ... more Karst aquifers have a different hydraulic structure and behavior than porous media and therefore require specific investigation methods (Goldscheider and Drew 2007). As discussed in Chap. 3, they are characterized by a high degree of heterogeneity and discontinuity, resulting in a duality of recharge, infiltration, porosity, flow, and storage (Bakalowicz 2005; Ford and Williams 2007). Recharge either originates from the karst area itself (autogenic) or from adjacent non-karst areas that drain toward the karst aquifer (allogenic). Infiltration occurs diffusely through soil and epikarst or concentrated via dolines or swallow holes. Karst aquifers show double or triple porosity, consisting of intergranular pores and fractures (often summarized as matrix porosity), and solutional conduits. Flow in the network of conduits and caves is often rapid and turbulent, while flow in the matrix is generally slower and laminar (Fig. 4.1). Storage occurs in the matrix and conduits, but residence ti...
Karst aquifers have a different hydraulic structure and behavior than porous media and therefore ... more Karst aquifers have a different hydraulic structure and behavior than porous media and therefore require specific investigation methods (Goldscheider and Drew 2007). As discussed in Chap. 3, they are characterized by a high degree of heterogeneity and discontinuity, resulting in a duality of recharge, infiltration, porosity, flow, and storage (Bakalowicz 2005; Ford and Williams 2007). Recharge either originates from the karst area itself (autogenic) or from adjacent non-karst areas that drain toward the karst aquifer (allogenic). Infiltration occurs diffusely through soil and epikarst or concentrated via dolines or swallow holes. Karst aquifers show double or triple porosity, consisting of intergranular pores and fractures (often summarized as matrix porosity), and solutional conduits. Flow in the network of conduits and caves is often rapid and turbulent, while flow in the matrix is generally slower and laminar (Fig. 4.1). Storage occurs in the matrix and conduits, but residence ti...
We use the magnitude and centroid period of Rayleigh wave along with the amplitude of fluctuation... more We use the magnitude and centroid period of Rayleigh wave along with the amplitude of fluctuations of water level in a well to calculate effective porosity of a karst aquifer at the site scale. The radial and vertical displacements of Rayleigh wave are first related to the confining pressure of rock, which is then related to fluid pressure via the Gassmann equation. Three seismograms recorded at station 633A of the USARRAY and the induced responses of Well J-17 in the Edwards Aquifer (Texas) allow the calculation of an effective porosity between 17.0 and 24.4 percent, the average of which is close to the total porosity of core samples determined by geophysical well logs. This paper provides an innovative method to measure effective porosity in aquifers. Because of the long wavelengths of Rayleigh wave, the interdisciplinary approach is advantageous in that the resulting effective porosity is at the site scale which includes large conduits or voids
A tracer test during low-flow conditions was carried out in the karstic aquifer of Sierra de las ... more A tracer test during low-flow conditions was carried out in the karstic aquifer of Sierra de las Nieves (Málaga) in order to assess its hydrogeological functioning and vulnerability to contamination. Two kilogrammes of Eosine were injected in an active siphon located in the Sima del Aire cave shaft (-640 m) at the end of August 2003. The springs were sampled until November 2003. For more than 50 days, the tracer was not detected at any of the springs. After several rainfall events in October 2003, a signal was observed in the two Río Grande springs. The first arrival of Eosine appears before the increase of spring discharge and the dilution effect of the most important rainfalls (86 mm, October 25th). The calculated groundwater velocities (below 4 m/hour) are not representative of the dry period because rainfall forced the Eosine transport. However, they give an idea about the long residence time if a contamination event occurs during low-flow condition
A tracer test during low-flow conditions was carried out in the karstic aquifer of Sierra de las ... more A tracer test during low-flow conditions was carried out in the karstic aquifer of Sierra de las Nieves (Málaga) in order to assess its hydrogeological functioning and vulnerability to contamination. Two kilogrammes of Eosine were injected in an active siphon located in the Sima del Aire cave shaft (-640 m) at the end of August 2003. The springs were sampled until November 2003. For more than 50 days, the tracer was not detected at any of the springs. After several rainfall events in October 2003, a signal was observed in the two Río Grande springs. The first arrival of Eosine appears before the increase of spring discharge and the dilution effect of the most important rainfalls (86 mm, October 25th). The calculated groundwater velocities (below 4 m/hour) are not representative of the dry period because rainfall forced the Eosine transport. However, they give an idea about the long residence time if a contamination event occurs during low-flow condition
This paper presents a quantitative study of the relationship between the cave system and the tect... more This paper presents a quantitative study of the relationship between the cave system and the tectonic and karst evolution of the Dong Van Karst Plateau based on analysis and statistics of geometric parameters and orientation of cave passages. The region is located in northern Vietnam and belongs to the extended part of the South China karst belt (Yunnan karst plateau), which is composed mainly of carbonate rocks. Cave classification based on cave conduits geometric parameters shows that caves developed mainly in the vadose zone (27 vadose branchwork caves, 10 mixed caves developed under the control of fault systems, and 12 water-table caves). The degree of correlation between cave levels and planation surfaces suggests that the development of horizontal cave passages is related to two levels of planation surfaces, including one at 1250–1450 masl (equivalent to cave level at 1350–1450 masl), and at 1000–1250 masl (corresponding to cave level at 1200–1250 masl). Additionally, cave pas...
This paper presents a quantitative study of the relationship between the cave system and the tect... more This paper presents a quantitative study of the relationship between the cave system and the tectonic and karst evolution of the Dong Van Karst Plateau based on analysis and statistics of geometric parameters and orientation of cave passages. The region is located in northern Vietnam and belongs to the extended part of the South China karst belt (Yunnan karst plateau), which is composed mainly of carbonate rocks. Cave classification based on cave conduits geometric parameters shows that caves developed mainly in the vadose zone (27 vadose branchwork caves, 10 mixed caves developed under the control of fault systems, and 12 water-table caves). The degree of correlation between cave levels and planation surfaces suggests that the development of horizontal cave passages is related to two levels of planation surfaces, including one at 1250–1450 masl (equivalent to cave level at 1350–1450 masl), and at 1000–1250 masl (corresponding to cave level at 1200–1250 masl). Additionally, cave pas...
Anisotropic fast-marching algorithms are computationally efficient tools for generating realistic... more Anisotropic fast-marching algorithms are computationally efficient tools for generating realistic maps of karst conduit networks, constrained by both the spatial extent and the orientation of karstifiable geologic units. Existing models to generate conduit network maps are limited either by high computational requirements (for chemistry-based models) or by their inability to incorporate the effects of elevation and orientation gradients (for isotropic fast-marching models). The new anisotropic fast-marching approach described here provides a significant improvement, though it imitates rather than reproduces actual speleogenetic processes. It can rapidly generate a stochastic ensemble of plausible networks from basic geologic information, which can also be used as input to karst-appropriate flow models. This paper introduces an open-source, easy-to-use implementation through the Python package pyKasso, then describes its application to a well-mapped geologically complex long-term stu...
Anisotropic fast-marching algorithms are computationally efficient tools for generating realistic... more Anisotropic fast-marching algorithms are computationally efficient tools for generating realistic maps of karst conduit networks, constrained by both the spatial extent and the orientation of karstifiable geologic units. Existing models to generate conduit network maps are limited either by high computational requirements (for chemistry-based models) or by their inability to incorporate the effects of elevation and orientation gradients (for isotropic fast-marching models). The new anisotropic fast-marching approach described here provides a significant improvement, though it imitates rather than reproduces actual speleogenetic processes. It can rapidly generate a stochastic ensemble of plausible networks from basic geologic information, which can also be used as input to karst-appropriate flow models. This paper introduces an open-source, easy-to-use implementation through the Python package pyKasso, then describes its application to a well-mapped geologically complex long-term stu...
kartiranja ranljivosti in tveganja za onesnaženje voda za va rovanje kraških vodonosnikov v Slove... more kartiranja ranljivosti in tveganja za onesnaženje voda za va rovanje kraških vodonosnikov v Sloveniji Upoštevajoč posebnosti slovenskega krasa smo na podlagi smernic evropskega projekta COST Action 620 predlagali splošen pristop k ocenjevanju ranljivosti in tveganja kraški� voda za onesnaženje. Tako imenovani Slovenski pristop us-treza slovenski okoljski zakonodaji in omogoča primerjavo z razmerami v Evropi. Metoda pri ocenjevanju ranljivosti pod-talnice upošteva časovno �idrološko spremenljivost, ponuja možnost povezovanja zaščite površinski � in podzemni � voda ter predlaga nove smernice za zaščito podzemne vode in vod-ni � virov, za kar je bil razvit nov faktor K (pretakanje kraški� voda v zasičeni coni). Slovenski pristop predvideva obširno analizo tveganja, ki temelji na oceni naravne ranljivosti, dejan-ski � in potencialni � obremenjevalcev ter pomembnosti vod-
kartiranja ranljivosti in tveganja za onesnaženje voda za va rovanje kraških vodonosnikov v Slove... more kartiranja ranljivosti in tveganja za onesnaženje voda za va rovanje kraških vodonosnikov v Sloveniji Upoštevajoč posebnosti slovenskega krasa smo na podlagi smernic evropskega projekta COST Action 620 predlagali splošen pristop k ocenjevanju ranljivosti in tveganja kraški� voda za onesnaženje. Tako imenovani Slovenski pristop us-treza slovenski okoljski zakonodaji in omogoča primerjavo z razmerami v Evropi. Metoda pri ocenjevanju ranljivosti pod-talnice upošteva časovno �idrološko spremenljivost, ponuja možnost povezovanja zaščite površinski � in podzemni � voda ter predlaga nove smernice za zaščito podzemne vode in vod-ni � virov, za kar je bil razvit nov faktor K (pretakanje kraški� voda v zasičeni coni). Slovenski pristop predvideva obširno analizo tveganja, ki temelji na oceni naravne ranljivosti, dejan-ski � in potencialni � obremenjevalcev ter pomembnosti vod-
SMART was a multi-lateral research project with partners from Germany, Israel, Jordan and the Pal... more SMART was a multi-lateral research project with partners from Germany, Israel, Jordan and the Palestinian Territories. The overall goal was to develop a transferable approach for Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) in the water shortage region of the Lower Jordan Valley. The innovative aspect addressed all available water resources: groundwater and surface waters, but also wastewater, brackish water and flood water that need to be treated for use.
SMART was a multi-lateral research project with partners from Germany, Israel, Jordan and the Pal... more SMART was a multi-lateral research project with partners from Germany, Israel, Jordan and the Palestinian Territories. The overall goal was to develop a transferable approach for Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) in the water shortage region of the Lower Jordan Valley. The innovative aspect addressed all available water resources: groundwater and surface waters, but also wastewater, brackish water and flood water that need to be treated for use.
Karst aquifers have a different hydraulic structure and behavior than porous media and therefore ... more Karst aquifers have a different hydraulic structure and behavior than porous media and therefore require specific investigation methods (Goldscheider and Drew 2007). As discussed in Chap. 3, they are characterized by a high degree of heterogeneity and discontinuity, resulting in a duality of recharge, infiltration, porosity, flow, and storage (Bakalowicz 2005; Ford and Williams 2007). Recharge either originates from the karst area itself (autogenic) or from adjacent non-karst areas that drain toward the karst aquifer (allogenic). Infiltration occurs diffusely through soil and epikarst or concentrated via dolines or swallow holes. Karst aquifers show double or triple porosity, consisting of intergranular pores and fractures (often summarized as matrix porosity), and solutional conduits. Flow in the network of conduits and caves is often rapid and turbulent, while flow in the matrix is generally slower and laminar (Fig. 4.1). Storage occurs in the matrix and conduits, but residence ti...
Karst aquifers have a different hydraulic structure and behavior than porous media and therefore ... more Karst aquifers have a different hydraulic structure and behavior than porous media and therefore require specific investigation methods (Goldscheider and Drew 2007). As discussed in Chap. 3, they are characterized by a high degree of heterogeneity and discontinuity, resulting in a duality of recharge, infiltration, porosity, flow, and storage (Bakalowicz 2005; Ford and Williams 2007). Recharge either originates from the karst area itself (autogenic) or from adjacent non-karst areas that drain toward the karst aquifer (allogenic). Infiltration occurs diffusely through soil and epikarst or concentrated via dolines or swallow holes. Karst aquifers show double or triple porosity, consisting of intergranular pores and fractures (often summarized as matrix porosity), and solutional conduits. Flow in the network of conduits and caves is often rapid and turbulent, while flow in the matrix is generally slower and laminar (Fig. 4.1). Storage occurs in the matrix and conduits, but residence ti...
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