Industri tekstil dalam proses manufakturnya, membutuhkan air dalam jumlah yang sangat banyak dima... more Industri tekstil dalam proses manufakturnya, membutuhkan air dalam jumlah yang sangat banyak dimana kurang lebih 70% dari air proses tersebut akan berubah menjadi air limbah. Limbah cair industri tekstil diketahui mengandung senyawa warna yang sulit terdegradasi sehingga dapat menyebabkan permasalahan nilai estetika di badan air penerima, membahayakan keanekaragaman hayati dan mengandung bahan toksik dan karsinogenik yang mengganggu kesehatan manusia dan makhluk hidup lainnya. Kebanyakan industri tekstil di Kawasan Bandung membuang air limbahnya ke Sungai Citarum Hulu, yang mengandung zat warna berupa zat warna azo. Salah satu teknologi pengolahan lanjutan untuk dekolorisasi warna adalah Advanced Oxidation Process (AOP) dengan ozon (O 3) yang mampu dekolorisasi limbah efluen tekstil. Proses ozonasi dilakukan pada reaktor bervolume 16 L secara batch pada zat warna Reactive Black 5 (RB5), Reactive Yellow (RY), dan Reactive Blue (RB), masing-masing dengan variasi konsentrasi 5 mg/L, 10 mg/L, 15 mg/L dan variasi dosis ozon 7,44 mg/menit dan 22,32 mg/menit. Dekolorisasi warna RB5, RY, dan RB di variasi konsentrasi 5 mg/L dan 10 mg/L mencapai 100% pada dosis ozon sebesar 22,32 mg/menit. Dekolorisasi warna pada variasi konsentrasi warna 15 mg/L dengan variasi dosis ozon 22,32 mg/menit untuk RB5 99,77% sedangkan RY dan RB mencapai 100%. Hasil konsentrasi ozon terlarut yang terukur rendah menunjukkan bahwa ozon telah bereaksi dan mengoksidasi senyawa-senyawa organik yang terkandung dalam limbah. Penyisihan COD terbesar didapatkan pada reaktor dengan variasi dosis ozon 22,32 mg/menit, yaitu mencapai 100%. Hasil percobaan dekolorisasi warna azo yang terbaik berturut-turut adalah RB>RY>RB5.
The synthesis and modification of α-cellulose from Boehmeria nivea into a cationic bioflocculant ... more The synthesis and modification of α-cellulose from Boehmeria nivea into a cationic bioflocculant was performed. In the first stage of research, α-cellulose was isolated from the bast fiber of Boehmeria nivea. Second, the modification of α-cellulose into cationic cellulose was carried out by reaction using 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl-trimethylammonium chloride (CHPTAC). α-cellulose and cationic cellulose were tested as bioflocculants for their flocculation ability with synthetic water samples using 5 g/L of kaolin suspension with turbidity as the test parameter. Data analysis was performed by statistical analysis using one-way ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range test. Studies showed that the use of α-cellulose as a bioflocculant in the coagulation-flocculation process with polyaluminum chloride (PAC) as a coagulant statistically increased the efficiency of turbidity removal, up to 99.17%, whereas the direct flocculation process, i.e., without the use of coagulant, had a turbidity remo...
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science
The use of cellulose which is a natural polymer as a flocculant has been widely used, however, th... more The use of cellulose which is a natural polymer as a flocculant has been widely used, however, the extraction of cellulose from plants has not been widely studied, particularly extracted from Boehmeria nivea (ramie). In this research, the stem of ramie came from the waste of textile raw material. The isolation of α-cellulose is done through pre-hydrolysis, delignification, and bleaching processes. In this research, there are 6 types of α-cellulose that are isolated from the stem of ramie, depending on the sodium hydroxide concentration in the delignification process. The isolated α-cellulose is characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and tested its flocculation ability through jar-test apparatus with 5 gr/L kaolin suspension as synthetic water samples and turbidity as the test parameter. The coagulation-flocculation experiments were carried out without the addition of a coagulant, which is called the direct flocculation method. Data analysis was performed ...
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2021
Due to their non-toxicity and biodegradability, natural polymeric flocculants have gained popular... more Due to their non-toxicity and biodegradability, natural polymeric flocculants have gained popularity in water and wastewater treatment in recent years. Because of its broad availability, renewability, sustainability, and surface modification potential, cellulose, the most common polymer on the planet, is regarded as one of the foundation polymers for flocculant production and modification. The following article consists of a review of the latest developments regarding biopolymers, in particular, cellulose as a natural flocculant. One of the plants that can be developed in Indonesia is Boehmeria nivea, or what is known as Ramie, which contains cellulose that is still not utilized optimally. There is a method of isolation of alpha-cellulose derived from Boehmeria nivea and its application as a flocculant in synthetic wastewater presented in this paper. The alpha-cellulose of Boehmeria nivea was used as a flocculant in jar testing using kaolin suspension (5 g/L). The study shows that a...
Conventional treatment such as sedimentation, aeration and activated sludge are only capable to r... more Conventional treatment such as sedimentation, aeration and activated sludge are only capable to remove organic matter. The color removal in the waste water treatment required as post-treatment at the end of the process. Dye can reduce the aesthetic value of a water body. Dye containing are not included in the textile industry’s quality standards in Indonesia. The subjective of this study is to improve the quality of waste water for textile waste water treatment plants using the ozone oxidation process. Real waste water from the waste water treatment plant were used and treated by biological processes. The ozone treatment reactor has 2 L volume and flowed with ozone at a dose 0.05 and 0.5 mg/minute. The main parameters that is removed in this study are color and COD. Efficiency of colors removal reached 92% and 93%, whilst efficiency of COD removal reached 78% and 83.5%. Based on the quality standards of textile waste water in Minister of Environment Regulation No. 51/2014 and Govern...
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2019
Citarum River plays an important role in various sectors both domestic and economic for residents... more Citarum River plays an important role in various sectors both domestic and economic for residents along the Citarum River Basin. The different source of wastewater from 400 industries disposes their wastewater directly to the Citarum River, which is predominantly dominated by the textile industry. Those industrial activities generate hazardous heavy metals such as Cr(VI) which can degrade the quality of the river. In this research, we will conduct a treatment on series of Cr(VI) containing surface water to meet the drinking standard of raw water. Zeolite-FeO is synthesized from natural zeolite in Sukabumi, and then impregnated with FeO, characterized using XRD and the result shows that iron oxide precisely hematite (α-Fe2O3) successfully impregnated into the zeolite. The Zeolite-FeO then modified with sucrose to give positively charged on the surface by the contribution of carbon. The adsorption process is carried out in batch with artificial waste containing Cr2O7 2- to obtain the ...
Solvent extraction has been used in industry or many purposes for years, including to recover oil... more Solvent extraction has been used in industry or many purposes for years, including to recover oil at contaminated soil. Certain solvents and temperature ranges have been chosen to increase the oil recovery rate of extraction process. The Study observed the implementation of biosurfactant at the extraction process to perform reduction of total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) concentration of oily contaminated soil. In order to optimize TPH removal, extraction were conducted for multiple stages. Biosurfactant extraction result were also compared to solvent extraction process which acetone and toluene have been selected to extract oil content from contaminated soil by using solvent extraction process. The combination treatments with biosurfactant were also involving variety of centrifugation process with 1000 rpm (1570 g) operational speed. Duration of treatment process was 10 minutes with some variations of solid to solvent ratio. During the experiments comparison result between varies tr...
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2018
Textile industries produced a large amount of highly coloured wastewater containing variety of dy... more Textile industries produced a large amount of highly coloured wastewater containing variety of dyes in different concentrations. Due to the high concentration of organics in the effluents and the higher stability of modern synthetic dyes, the conventional biological treatment methods are ineffective for the complete colour removal and degradation of organics and dyes. On the other hand, physical-chemical treatment are not destructive, mainly just concentrate and separate the pollutants phases. This research paper investigates the removal of colour and chemical oxygen demand/COD from textile wastewater using ozone treatment. Varied ozone dosages of 1.16; 3.81; 18.79; and 40.88 mg/minute were used in the experiment. Varied wastewater containing Reactive Black 5 (RB-5) concentrations of 40 mg/L, 100 mg/L were also applied. Research result showed the highest colour removal efficiency of 96.9 % was achieved after 5 hours incubation time, while the highest COD removal efficiency of 77.5% was achieved after 2 hours incubation time.
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2020
The purpose of this research was to understand the influence of carbon source variation in the bi... more The purpose of this research was to understand the influence of carbon source variation in the biosurfactant production by Azotobacter vinelandii as well as its potential application on remediation of hydrocarbon-contaminated soil by soil washing. The growth microorganism, biosurfactant quantity in exopolysaccharide and fatty acid fraction were examined. The quality of biosurfactant was analysed by emulsification index. The results show that biggest production was occurred at the 48th hour with μmax1 = 0.416/hour, μmax2 = 0.093/hour and Ks1 = 6.55 g/L, Ks2 = 4.69 g/L for glucose and molasses substrate respectively. Biosurfactant product of Azotobacter vinelandii in glucose 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, and 3% showed emulsification index as much as 100%. While, emulsification index of the biosurfactant produced with molasses reached 100% within 1%, 1.5%, and 2% molasse concentration. These results showed that molasses has potential utilization as carbon source in biosurfactant production. In soil ...
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2019
Textile wastewater contaminated by heavy metal has been polluted to the agricultural land in Ranc... more Textile wastewater contaminated by heavy metal has been polluted to the agricultural land in Rancaekek, Bandung. To overcome the heavy metal contamination, phytoremediation technology has been proposed. Jatropha curcas plant with soil amendments (compost and EDTA) was utilized to investigate the heavy metal remediation in the contaminated soil. Five experimental treatments viz. S0 S1 S2 S3 and S E were set up for ninety days. The plant growth behaviour, heavy metal accumulation, and translocation (TF) and bioaccumulation (BAF) factors were determined. The untreated soil was indicated as silty loam containing Cd, Cr and Pb concentrations approximately 0.79, 100.15, and 8.43 mg/kg, respectively. The heavy metals were highly accumulated in the plant for treatments S3 and S E compared to control So. The accumulation of Cd, Cr and Pb in different J. curcas tissues can be classified as follow: root > shoot > leaves. Bioaccumulation and translocation factor of Cd were greater than on...
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2019
In this study, we investigated the effectiveness of arsenic removal from groundwater with a hybri... more In this study, we investigated the effectiveness of arsenic removal from groundwater with a hybrid process integrating oxidation with ozone and adsorption with activated carbon and zeolite in a 2 L volume batch reactor. Artificial ground water was used in this study, using sodium arsenite (NaAsO2) as an As (III) source. Artificial ground water is made to resemble natural groundwater conditions which contain 3 mg / L arsenic. The experiment shows that the arsenic adsorption efficiency in integrated ozonation-adsorption process is higher than individual adsorption process. For individual adsorption process, either with GAC or zeolite, both reached maximum removal in 2 hours. For integrated ozonation-adsorption process, adsorption efficiency reached maximum removal in 45-90 minutes. Maximum removals for individual adsorption with adsorbent dose 12.5 g/L are 69% and 55% for GAC and zeolite respectively. Maximum removal for integrated ozonation-adsorption process with adsorbent dose 12.5...
... Compared to chemically manufactured surfactants, biosurfactants also offer several advantages... more ... Compared to chemically manufactured surfactants, biosurfactants also offer several advantages of little or no environmental impact, the possibility of in situ production and produced from renewable and cheaper substrates (Rashedi et al., 2006). In various industrial processes, ...
Hydrocarbons which include petroleum product, oil product also oil sludge as by product, form an ... more Hydrocarbons which include petroleum product, oil product also oil sludge as by product, form an important class of pollutants on a global scale. The presences of such hydrocarbons in the environment are considerable public health and ecological concerns, because of their persistence, toxicity and ability to bioaccumulate. Many technologies are employed to clean up contaminated sites including various chemical and physical methods such as thermal evaporation and soil vapor extraction. However, cleaner technologies are needed due to the environmental friendly such as microbial degradation concept. This research was investigated the performance of petrofilic consortia in degrading oil sludge and surfactant addition to enhance biodegradation process. The experiment was conducted in aerobic batch culture with minimum media. Petrofilic bacteria that grown on oil sludge as sole carbon follow the Monod kinetics which value of 2 m and Ks was 0.497 day -1 and 2,738 mg.L -1 , respectively. Research result showed that after 105 days of incubation, the petrofilic bacteria able to remove the oil sludge up to 63.8% while addition of surfactant increase the removal efficiency up to 90.9%. These results suggest that both petrofilic consortia and biosurfactant addition stimulate the biodegradation and overcome the limitation of petroleum hydrocarbon degradation process.
Natural polymeric flocculants have gained popularity in water and wastewater treatment in recent ... more Natural polymeric flocculants have gained popularity in water and wastewater treatment in recent years due to their non-toxicity and biodegradability. Because of its broad availability, renewability, sustainability, and surface modification potential, cellulose is regarded as one of the foundation polymers for flocculant production and modification. The following literature review includes of an overview of coagulation-flocculation, which is the process mechanism consisting of colloid destabilization for coagulation, followed by bridging, charge neutralization, and electrostatic patch for flocculation; aspects affecting the coagulation-flocculation performance; as well as the types of coagulants and flocculants that are commonly used. Furthermore, we will go over the physical and chemical properties of flocculants, as well as their usage as a coagulant-aid in the flocculation process following coagulation and as a flocculant in direct flocculation. There is also a discussion of the ...
Landfill is the most commonly method of municipal solid waste disposal in many countries. This pr... more Landfill is the most commonly method of municipal solid waste disposal in many countries. This practice has great potential to produce highly polluted leachate in massive quantities, which can cause environmental contamination. Biological processes are known as a common method to treat municipal leachate however this process alone in is less effective, especially in reducing the concentration of organic pollutants (BOD5/COD ratio). Leachate properties are site-specific and greatly influenced by landfill age. This study focuses on the investigation of treatment methods that can increase the extent of leachate biodegradability by applying an ozone concentration of 2.5 mg/L with up to 360 minutes of contact time. In this study, batch reactors were used and operated in anaerobic and aerobic conditions. The leachate used here represents both young and old leachate. Several treatment combinations were compared: Variation I (a combination of biologically aerobic and anaerobic process), Var...
Industri tekstil dalam proses manufakturnya, membutuhkan air dalam jumlah yang sangat banyak dima... more Industri tekstil dalam proses manufakturnya, membutuhkan air dalam jumlah yang sangat banyak dimana kurang lebih 70% dari air proses tersebut akan berubah menjadi air limbah. Limbah cair industri tekstil diketahui mengandung senyawa warna yang sulit terdegradasi sehingga dapat menyebabkan permasalahan nilai estetika di badan air penerima, membahayakan keanekaragaman hayati dan mengandung bahan toksik dan karsinogenik yang mengganggu kesehatan manusia dan makhluk hidup lainnya. Kebanyakan industri tekstil di Kawasan Bandung membuang air limbahnya ke Sungai Citarum Hulu, yang mengandung zat warna berupa zat warna azo. Salah satu teknologi pengolahan lanjutan untuk dekolorisasi warna adalah Advanced Oxidation Process (AOP) dengan ozon (O 3) yang mampu dekolorisasi limbah efluen tekstil. Proses ozonasi dilakukan pada reaktor bervolume 16 L secara batch pada zat warna Reactive Black 5 (RB5), Reactive Yellow (RY), dan Reactive Blue (RB), masing-masing dengan variasi konsentrasi 5 mg/L, 10 mg/L, 15 mg/L dan variasi dosis ozon 7,44 mg/menit dan 22,32 mg/menit. Dekolorisasi warna RB5, RY, dan RB di variasi konsentrasi 5 mg/L dan 10 mg/L mencapai 100% pada dosis ozon sebesar 22,32 mg/menit. Dekolorisasi warna pada variasi konsentrasi warna 15 mg/L dengan variasi dosis ozon 22,32 mg/menit untuk RB5 99,77% sedangkan RY dan RB mencapai 100%. Hasil konsentrasi ozon terlarut yang terukur rendah menunjukkan bahwa ozon telah bereaksi dan mengoksidasi senyawa-senyawa organik yang terkandung dalam limbah. Penyisihan COD terbesar didapatkan pada reaktor dengan variasi dosis ozon 22,32 mg/menit, yaitu mencapai 100%. Hasil percobaan dekolorisasi warna azo yang terbaik berturut-turut adalah RB>RY>RB5.
The synthesis and modification of α-cellulose from Boehmeria nivea into a cationic bioflocculant ... more The synthesis and modification of α-cellulose from Boehmeria nivea into a cationic bioflocculant was performed. In the first stage of research, α-cellulose was isolated from the bast fiber of Boehmeria nivea. Second, the modification of α-cellulose into cationic cellulose was carried out by reaction using 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl-trimethylammonium chloride (CHPTAC). α-cellulose and cationic cellulose were tested as bioflocculants for their flocculation ability with synthetic water samples using 5 g/L of kaolin suspension with turbidity as the test parameter. Data analysis was performed by statistical analysis using one-way ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range test. Studies showed that the use of α-cellulose as a bioflocculant in the coagulation-flocculation process with polyaluminum chloride (PAC) as a coagulant statistically increased the efficiency of turbidity removal, up to 99.17%, whereas the direct flocculation process, i.e., without the use of coagulant, had a turbidity remo...
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science
The use of cellulose which is a natural polymer as a flocculant has been widely used, however, th... more The use of cellulose which is a natural polymer as a flocculant has been widely used, however, the extraction of cellulose from plants has not been widely studied, particularly extracted from Boehmeria nivea (ramie). In this research, the stem of ramie came from the waste of textile raw material. The isolation of α-cellulose is done through pre-hydrolysis, delignification, and bleaching processes. In this research, there are 6 types of α-cellulose that are isolated from the stem of ramie, depending on the sodium hydroxide concentration in the delignification process. The isolated α-cellulose is characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and tested its flocculation ability through jar-test apparatus with 5 gr/L kaolin suspension as synthetic water samples and turbidity as the test parameter. The coagulation-flocculation experiments were carried out without the addition of a coagulant, which is called the direct flocculation method. Data analysis was performed ...
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2021
Due to their non-toxicity and biodegradability, natural polymeric flocculants have gained popular... more Due to their non-toxicity and biodegradability, natural polymeric flocculants have gained popularity in water and wastewater treatment in recent years. Because of its broad availability, renewability, sustainability, and surface modification potential, cellulose, the most common polymer on the planet, is regarded as one of the foundation polymers for flocculant production and modification. The following article consists of a review of the latest developments regarding biopolymers, in particular, cellulose as a natural flocculant. One of the plants that can be developed in Indonesia is Boehmeria nivea, or what is known as Ramie, which contains cellulose that is still not utilized optimally. There is a method of isolation of alpha-cellulose derived from Boehmeria nivea and its application as a flocculant in synthetic wastewater presented in this paper. The alpha-cellulose of Boehmeria nivea was used as a flocculant in jar testing using kaolin suspension (5 g/L). The study shows that a...
Conventional treatment such as sedimentation, aeration and activated sludge are only capable to r... more Conventional treatment such as sedimentation, aeration and activated sludge are only capable to remove organic matter. The color removal in the waste water treatment required as post-treatment at the end of the process. Dye can reduce the aesthetic value of a water body. Dye containing are not included in the textile industry’s quality standards in Indonesia. The subjective of this study is to improve the quality of waste water for textile waste water treatment plants using the ozone oxidation process. Real waste water from the waste water treatment plant were used and treated by biological processes. The ozone treatment reactor has 2 L volume and flowed with ozone at a dose 0.05 and 0.5 mg/minute. The main parameters that is removed in this study are color and COD. Efficiency of colors removal reached 92% and 93%, whilst efficiency of COD removal reached 78% and 83.5%. Based on the quality standards of textile waste water in Minister of Environment Regulation No. 51/2014 and Govern...
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2019
Citarum River plays an important role in various sectors both domestic and economic for residents... more Citarum River plays an important role in various sectors both domestic and economic for residents along the Citarum River Basin. The different source of wastewater from 400 industries disposes their wastewater directly to the Citarum River, which is predominantly dominated by the textile industry. Those industrial activities generate hazardous heavy metals such as Cr(VI) which can degrade the quality of the river. In this research, we will conduct a treatment on series of Cr(VI) containing surface water to meet the drinking standard of raw water. Zeolite-FeO is synthesized from natural zeolite in Sukabumi, and then impregnated with FeO, characterized using XRD and the result shows that iron oxide precisely hematite (α-Fe2O3) successfully impregnated into the zeolite. The Zeolite-FeO then modified with sucrose to give positively charged on the surface by the contribution of carbon. The adsorption process is carried out in batch with artificial waste containing Cr2O7 2- to obtain the ...
Solvent extraction has been used in industry or many purposes for years, including to recover oil... more Solvent extraction has been used in industry or many purposes for years, including to recover oil at contaminated soil. Certain solvents and temperature ranges have been chosen to increase the oil recovery rate of extraction process. The Study observed the implementation of biosurfactant at the extraction process to perform reduction of total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) concentration of oily contaminated soil. In order to optimize TPH removal, extraction were conducted for multiple stages. Biosurfactant extraction result were also compared to solvent extraction process which acetone and toluene have been selected to extract oil content from contaminated soil by using solvent extraction process. The combination treatments with biosurfactant were also involving variety of centrifugation process with 1000 rpm (1570 g) operational speed. Duration of treatment process was 10 minutes with some variations of solid to solvent ratio. During the experiments comparison result between varies tr...
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2018
Textile industries produced a large amount of highly coloured wastewater containing variety of dy... more Textile industries produced a large amount of highly coloured wastewater containing variety of dyes in different concentrations. Due to the high concentration of organics in the effluents and the higher stability of modern synthetic dyes, the conventional biological treatment methods are ineffective for the complete colour removal and degradation of organics and dyes. On the other hand, physical-chemical treatment are not destructive, mainly just concentrate and separate the pollutants phases. This research paper investigates the removal of colour and chemical oxygen demand/COD from textile wastewater using ozone treatment. Varied ozone dosages of 1.16; 3.81; 18.79; and 40.88 mg/minute were used in the experiment. Varied wastewater containing Reactive Black 5 (RB-5) concentrations of 40 mg/L, 100 mg/L were also applied. Research result showed the highest colour removal efficiency of 96.9 % was achieved after 5 hours incubation time, while the highest COD removal efficiency of 77.5% was achieved after 2 hours incubation time.
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2020
The purpose of this research was to understand the influence of carbon source variation in the bi... more The purpose of this research was to understand the influence of carbon source variation in the biosurfactant production by Azotobacter vinelandii as well as its potential application on remediation of hydrocarbon-contaminated soil by soil washing. The growth microorganism, biosurfactant quantity in exopolysaccharide and fatty acid fraction were examined. The quality of biosurfactant was analysed by emulsification index. The results show that biggest production was occurred at the 48th hour with μmax1 = 0.416/hour, μmax2 = 0.093/hour and Ks1 = 6.55 g/L, Ks2 = 4.69 g/L for glucose and molasses substrate respectively. Biosurfactant product of Azotobacter vinelandii in glucose 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, and 3% showed emulsification index as much as 100%. While, emulsification index of the biosurfactant produced with molasses reached 100% within 1%, 1.5%, and 2% molasse concentration. These results showed that molasses has potential utilization as carbon source in biosurfactant production. In soil ...
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2019
Textile wastewater contaminated by heavy metal has been polluted to the agricultural land in Ranc... more Textile wastewater contaminated by heavy metal has been polluted to the agricultural land in Rancaekek, Bandung. To overcome the heavy metal contamination, phytoremediation technology has been proposed. Jatropha curcas plant with soil amendments (compost and EDTA) was utilized to investigate the heavy metal remediation in the contaminated soil. Five experimental treatments viz. S0 S1 S2 S3 and S E were set up for ninety days. The plant growth behaviour, heavy metal accumulation, and translocation (TF) and bioaccumulation (BAF) factors were determined. The untreated soil was indicated as silty loam containing Cd, Cr and Pb concentrations approximately 0.79, 100.15, and 8.43 mg/kg, respectively. The heavy metals were highly accumulated in the plant for treatments S3 and S E compared to control So. The accumulation of Cd, Cr and Pb in different J. curcas tissues can be classified as follow: root > shoot > leaves. Bioaccumulation and translocation factor of Cd were greater than on...
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2019
In this study, we investigated the effectiveness of arsenic removal from groundwater with a hybri... more In this study, we investigated the effectiveness of arsenic removal from groundwater with a hybrid process integrating oxidation with ozone and adsorption with activated carbon and zeolite in a 2 L volume batch reactor. Artificial ground water was used in this study, using sodium arsenite (NaAsO2) as an As (III) source. Artificial ground water is made to resemble natural groundwater conditions which contain 3 mg / L arsenic. The experiment shows that the arsenic adsorption efficiency in integrated ozonation-adsorption process is higher than individual adsorption process. For individual adsorption process, either with GAC or zeolite, both reached maximum removal in 2 hours. For integrated ozonation-adsorption process, adsorption efficiency reached maximum removal in 45-90 minutes. Maximum removals for individual adsorption with adsorbent dose 12.5 g/L are 69% and 55% for GAC and zeolite respectively. Maximum removal for integrated ozonation-adsorption process with adsorbent dose 12.5...
... Compared to chemically manufactured surfactants, biosurfactants also offer several advantages... more ... Compared to chemically manufactured surfactants, biosurfactants also offer several advantages of little or no environmental impact, the possibility of in situ production and produced from renewable and cheaper substrates (Rashedi et al., 2006). In various industrial processes, ...
Hydrocarbons which include petroleum product, oil product also oil sludge as by product, form an ... more Hydrocarbons which include petroleum product, oil product also oil sludge as by product, form an important class of pollutants on a global scale. The presences of such hydrocarbons in the environment are considerable public health and ecological concerns, because of their persistence, toxicity and ability to bioaccumulate. Many technologies are employed to clean up contaminated sites including various chemical and physical methods such as thermal evaporation and soil vapor extraction. However, cleaner technologies are needed due to the environmental friendly such as microbial degradation concept. This research was investigated the performance of petrofilic consortia in degrading oil sludge and surfactant addition to enhance biodegradation process. The experiment was conducted in aerobic batch culture with minimum media. Petrofilic bacteria that grown on oil sludge as sole carbon follow the Monod kinetics which value of 2 m and Ks was 0.497 day -1 and 2,738 mg.L -1 , respectively. Research result showed that after 105 days of incubation, the petrofilic bacteria able to remove the oil sludge up to 63.8% while addition of surfactant increase the removal efficiency up to 90.9%. These results suggest that both petrofilic consortia and biosurfactant addition stimulate the biodegradation and overcome the limitation of petroleum hydrocarbon degradation process.
Natural polymeric flocculants have gained popularity in water and wastewater treatment in recent ... more Natural polymeric flocculants have gained popularity in water and wastewater treatment in recent years due to their non-toxicity and biodegradability. Because of its broad availability, renewability, sustainability, and surface modification potential, cellulose is regarded as one of the foundation polymers for flocculant production and modification. The following literature review includes of an overview of coagulation-flocculation, which is the process mechanism consisting of colloid destabilization for coagulation, followed by bridging, charge neutralization, and electrostatic patch for flocculation; aspects affecting the coagulation-flocculation performance; as well as the types of coagulants and flocculants that are commonly used. Furthermore, we will go over the physical and chemical properties of flocculants, as well as their usage as a coagulant-aid in the flocculation process following coagulation and as a flocculant in direct flocculation. There is also a discussion of the ...
Landfill is the most commonly method of municipal solid waste disposal in many countries. This pr... more Landfill is the most commonly method of municipal solid waste disposal in many countries. This practice has great potential to produce highly polluted leachate in massive quantities, which can cause environmental contamination. Biological processes are known as a common method to treat municipal leachate however this process alone in is less effective, especially in reducing the concentration of organic pollutants (BOD5/COD ratio). Leachate properties are site-specific and greatly influenced by landfill age. This study focuses on the investigation of treatment methods that can increase the extent of leachate biodegradability by applying an ozone concentration of 2.5 mg/L with up to 360 minutes of contact time. In this study, batch reactors were used and operated in anaerobic and aerobic conditions. The leachate used here represents both young and old leachate. Several treatment combinations were compared: Variation I (a combination of biologically aerobic and anaerobic process), Var...
Increased environmental contamination leads to a progressive decline in environmental quality. Pr... more Increased environmental contamination leads to a progressive decline in environmental quality. Probiotics play a role as remediation agents which are expected to be able to help the host in responding to environmental changes. Probiotics are live microbial feed supplements that favorably affect host (humans, animals, plants) by increasing the balance of intestinal microbes. Probiotics are used in livestock/aquaculture to improve growth performance through improved utilization of nutrients, reducing disease, also developing the immune system. In addition to feed supplements, certain types of probiotics act as bioremediation or decomposing agents of hazardous substances. The bioremediation system is the use of microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, yeast, and algae) or microbial products to degrade, reduce, or remove pollutants in the environment although in some cases plants are also utilized for this purpose called phytoremediation. When bioremediation occurs, enzymes produced by microorganisms modify toxic pollutants by changing the chemical structure of pollutants. This event is called biotransformation. In many cases, biotransformation leads to biodegradation, when toxic pollutants are degraded, the structure becomes simpler, and ultimately becomes harmless and non-toxic metabolites, that called mineralization.
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