Papers by Giancarlo Majori
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 1976
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Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 1976
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Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 1995
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Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 1994
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Febs Letters, 2008
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Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease, 2010
Imported malaria has been an increasing problem in Italy in the last three decades of the 1900s, ... more Imported malaria has been an increasing problem in Italy in the last three decades of the 1900s, representing the main risk for travelers visiting tropical and sub-tropical countries where malaria is endemic. Even though the total number of imported cases has been declining since 2000, malaria still represents the most frequent notifiable imported disease in Italy. The present study analyzes all the malaria cases reported in Italy in 2000-2006 in order to assess the trend of incidence over the time and reviewing the risk factors for travelers visiting malaria endemic countries. All 2000-2006 case report forms were analyzed. The incidence of malaria in Italian travelers was calculated by continent and by countries most visited, using data provided by the Ministry of Transportation. Out of the 5219 malaria cases reported and confirmed in the study period five were autochthonous and 5214 imported, 1518 of which occurred in Italian citizen and 3696 in foreigners. Between 2000 and 2006 imported malaria cases fell from 977 to 630 respectively, with a total reduction of about 36%. Most of the cases were contracted in Africa (93%) and Plasmodium falciparum was the etiological agent in 83% of the cases, with an annual average fatality rate of about 0.5%. The average of the crude incidence rate (CIR) among Italians was calculated by continent for both global cases (gCIR) and for P. falciparum cases (pfCIR) resulting of 1.2/1000 and 0.9 for Africa, 0.08/1000 and 0.02 for Asia, 0.03/1000 and 0.003 for Central and South America, respectively. The gCIR by continent slightly but decreased constantly over the study period. The different factors which may influence the risk of contracting malaria for travelers visiting endemic countries and the strategy to reduce completely the number of fatal cases were considered and discussed.
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Tropical Medicine & International Health, 2009
Objectives To assess the extent of drug resistance in Uige through molecular genetic analysis an... more Objectives To assess the extent of drug resistance in Uige through molecular genetic analysis and to test whether the dhfr triple mutant alleles present in Angola are of southeast Asian origin.Methods Seventy-one samples of blood from children admitted to the Pediatric Emergency Unit of Uige Provincial Hospital in 2004 were screened for resistance mutations at pfcrt, pfmdr1, pfdhfr, pfdhps and pfATPase6.Results Mutations in pfcrt (codon76), pfmdr1 (codon86), pfdhfr (codons 51, 59, 108) and pfdhps (codons 436, 437) were common. Among the 66 isolates for which we were able to determine complete genetic information 13.7% carried all seven of these mutations. Flanking microsatellite analysis revealed the triple mutant pfdhfr was derived from the southeast Asian lineage, while the N51I+S108N double mutant pfdhfr alleles are a local origin. pfATPase6 mutations were rare and S769N was not found.Conclusion The parasite population of Uige Angola has high frequency mutations in pfcrt, dhfr and dhps associated with resistance to chloroquine and sulphadoxine pyrimethamine, reflecting past reliance on these two drugs which were the mainstay of treatment until recently. Our findings show that drug resistance in Uige has occurred through a combination of local drug pressure and the regional and international dispersal of resistance mutant alleles.Objetivos: Evaluar la extensión de la resistencia a fármacos en Uige mediante un análisis genetico-molecular y mirar si los alelos dhfr con mutación triple presentes en Angola son originarios del sudeste asiático.Métodos: Se estudiaron 71 muestras de sangre de niños admitidos en la unidad de emergencias pediátricas del Hospital Provincial de Uige en el 2004, buscando las mutaciones que confieren resistencia en pfcrt, pfmdr1, pfdhfr, pfdhps y pfATPasa6.Resultados: Las mutaciones en pfcrt (codon76), pfmdr1 (codon86), pfdhfr (codons51,59 108) y pfdhps (codones 436,437) eran comunes. Entre los 66 aislados de los cuales se logró obtener una información genética completa, 13.7% tenían las 7 mutaciones. Un análisis microsatelital reveló que la pfdhfr con mutación triple derivaba de un linaje del sudeste asiático, mientras que los alelos pfdhfr con doble mutación N51I+S108N tenían un origen local. Las mutaciones pfATPasa6 eran raras y no se encontró la mutación S769N.Objetivos: Evaluar la extensión de la resistencia a fármacos en Uige mediante un análisis genetico-molecular y mirar si los alelos dhfr con mutación triple presentes en Angola son originarios del sudeste asiático.Métodos: Se estudiaron 71 muestras de sangre de niños admitidos en la unidad de emergencias pediátricas del Hospital Provincial de Uige en el 2004, buscando las mutaciones que confieren resistencia en pfcrt, pfmdr1, pfdhfr, pfdhps y pfATPasa6.Resultados: Las mutaciones en pfcrt (codon76), pfmdr1 (codon86), pfdhfr (codons51,59 108) y pfdhps (codones 436,437) eran comunes. Entre los 66 aislados de los cuales se logró obtener una información genética completa, 13.7% tenían las 7 mutaciones. Un análisis microsatelital reveló que la pfdhfr con mutación triple derivaba de un linaje del sudeste asiático, mientras que los alelos pfdhfr con doble mutación N51I+S108N tenían un origen local. Las mutaciones pfATPasa6 eran raras y no se encontró la mutación S769N.Conclusión: La población de parásitos de Uige Angola tiene una frecuencia alta de mutaciones enpfcrt, dhfr y dhps asociadas con resistencia a cloroquina y sulfadoxina-pirimetamina, reflejando la dependencia pasada en estos dos medicamentos que fueron la primera línea de tratamiento hasta hace poco. Nuestros hallazgos demuestran que la resistencia a fármacos en Uige ha ocurrido mediante una combinación de presión de medicamentos a nivel local y la introducción regional e internacional de alelos mutantes de resistencia.pfcrt, dhfr y dhps asociadas con resistencia a cloroquina y sulfadoxina-pirimetamina, reflejando la dependencia pasada en estos dos medicamentos que fueron la primera línea de tratamiento hasta hace poco. Nuestros hallazgos demuestran que la resistencia a fármacos en Uige ha ocurrido mediante una combinación de presión de medicamentos a nivel local y la introducción regional e internacional de alelos mutantes de resistencia.
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Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 2004
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Parasitology International, 2008
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Malaria Journal, 2004
Background Plasmodium vivax, although causing a less serious disease than Plasmodium falciparum, ... more Background Plasmodium vivax, although causing a less serious disease than Plasmodium falciparum, is the most widespread of the four human malarial species. Further to the recent recrudescence of P. vivax cases in the Newly Independent States (NIS) of central Asia, a survey on the genetic diversity and dissemination in Azerbaijan was undertaken. Azerbaijan is at the crossroads of Asia and, as such, could see a rise in the number of cases, although an effective malaria control programme has been established in the country. Methods Thirty-six P. vivax isolates from Central Azerbaijan were characterized by analysing the genetic polymorphism of the circumsporozoite protein (CSP) and the merozoite surface protein 1 (MSP-1) genes, using PCR amplifications and amplicons sequencing. Results Analysis of CSP sequences showed that all the processed isolates belong to the VK 210 type, with variations in the alternation of alanine residue (A) or aspartic acid residue (D) in the repeat motif GDRA(A/D)GQPA along the sequence. As far as MSP-1 genotyping is concerned, it was found that the majority of isolates analysed belong to Belem and Sal I types. Five recombinant isolates were also identified. Combined analysis with the two genetic markers allowed the identification of 19 plasmodial sub-types. Conclusion The results obtained in the present study indicate that there are several P. vivax clones circulating in Azerbaijan and, consequently, a careful malaria surveillance could be of paramount importance to identify, at early stage, the occurrence of possible P. vivax malaria outbreaks.
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Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 1997
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Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry, 2009
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Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2004
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Infection Genetics and Evolution, 2006
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Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2001
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American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2010
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Acta Tropica, 2006
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Papers by Giancarlo Majori