redirect
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A redirect is a way to send both users and search engines to a different URL from the one they originally requested. The three most commonly used redirects are 301, 302, and Meta Refresh. These are frequently used/needed when changing CMSes and potentially the structure of one's permalinks to get the old URLs to redirect to the new ones.
MediaWiki
In MediaWiki, a redirect is a way to automatically make one page load another page. You can edit a page and turn it into a redirect by using code like:
#REDIRECT:[[destination-page-name]]
WordPress
The WordPress Redirection plugin is a useful way to redirect URLs. It also allows monitoring 404 errors and quickly creating redirects for them.
Apache
Here's a useful gist for creating 301 redirects within an .htaccess file for sites using Apache : https://gist.github.com/ScottPhillips/1721489