Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology, 2006
The flow measurement of liquids and gases is a necessity in many industrial applications. There i... more The flow measurement of liquids and gases is a necessity in many industrial applications. There is a great amount of measurers for such purpose, as, for example, the coriolis, positive displacement and type turbine measurers. A measurer sufficiently used for the oil flow measurement is the turbine type, because it uses the proper extracted energy of the measured flow for its functioning, moreover is also used as standard for the calibration of other measurers. For this reason, it is important to study the parameters that influence the measurement process for turbine measurers. In Brazil, to measure the volume of oil, regardless the type of measurer, it is necessary to observe "Portaria Conjunta Nº. 1", of June 19, 2000, that approved the Technical Regulation of Measurement of Oil and Natural Gas, establishing the minimum conditions and requirements for the systems of oil and natural gas measurement, in order to get a measurement standard. As such, the present work has the objective of determining parameters that influence in the measurement of oil volumes using turbine measurers.
Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology, 2006
According to the Technical Regulation of Measurement of Petroleum and Natural Gas (approved in 20... more According to the Technical Regulation of Measurement of Petroleum and Natural Gas (approved in 2000 by ANP the Petroleum National Agency of Brazil), the systems of measurement of natural gas should use ultra-sonic flow meters, turbines and, especially, the orifice plates, which represent the most expressive base of the flow systems, being used in the fiscal and operational measurements. This work aims to evaluate the parameters that should be accounted for during the dimensional inspection of orifice plate and roughness of the straight stretches of the tubing used for measurement of natural gas, with the objective of guiding the responsible professionals for the measurement of volumes of natural gas by orifice plate, as well as the professionals of calibration laboratories. In this work, minimum specifications are recommended, irrespective of the pressure tapping or orifice type, in agreement with the norms ISO, AGA and the ANP regulations. The influence of these specifications on the parameters used in the calculation of the volumetric flow is also analyzed.
FA are known to modulate immune function in conditions such as arthritis and lupus erythematosus.... more FA are known to modulate immune function in conditions such as arthritis and lupus erythematosus. The effects of arachidonic (AA) and oleic acids (OA) on function and pleiotropic gene expression of Raji cells were investigated. The following parameters were evaluated: cytotoxicity as assessed by loss of membrane integrity and DNA fragmentation; proliferation as measured by [14C]thymidine incorporation; production of interleukin (IL)-10, interferon (INF)-γ, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α; and expression of pleiotropic genes by a macroarray technique (83 genes in total). AA was more toxic to Raji cells than OA. Both FA promoted an increase in Raji cell proliferation at 75 μM, whereas OA at high concentrations (200 μM) decreased proliferation. AA reduced the production of IL-10, TNF-α, and INF-γ. On the other hand, OA provoked an increase of INF-γ production but did not affect the production of IL-10 and TNF-α. The proportions of genes with altered expression were 27% for AA and 35% for OA. The FA affected the expression of genes clustered as: cytokines, signal transduction pathways, transcription factors, cell cycle, defense and repair, apoptosis, DNA synthesis, cell adhesion, cytoskeleton, and hormone receptors. The most remarkable changes were observed in the genes of signal transduction pathways. These results led us to conclude that the effect of these FA on B-lymphocytes includes regulation of gene expression. Thus, diets enriched with fat containing OA or AA may affect B lymphocyte function in vivo.
Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) undergoing hemodialysis are a risk group for hepatit... more Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) undergoing hemodialysis are a risk group for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. The characteristics of acute hepatitis C infection in this population are not well known. To evaluate the clinical and laboratory characteristics of acute hepatitis C in ESRD patients treated with hemodialysis. ESRD patients on hemodialysis with acute hepatitis C, characterized by elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) followed by anti-HCV seroconversion were studied. Thirty-six patients (58% females, 44+/-12 y), with a mean time on hemodialysis of 2 years, were included. Only 2 (6%) patients had jaundice. ALT elevation was observed in all patients. Median peak ALT was 4.7 x upper limit of normal. The median interval between ALT elevation and anti-HCV seroconversion was 1 month (0 to 8). None of the patients with detectable HCV-RNA showed spontaneous clearance of viremia within 12 weeks of follow-up. Three (8%) patients presented ALT elevation followed by anti-HCV seroconversion with undetectable HCV-RNA. Acute hepatitis C is frequently asymptomatic in ESRD patients on hemodialysis and should be suspected in all patients presenting elevated ALT. Determination of HCV-RNA is important for the confirmation of infection. Anti-HCV seroconversion seems to occur early and spontaneous clearance of HCV-RNA is uncommon.
Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology, 2006
The flow measurement of liquids and gases is a necessity in many industrial applications. There i... more The flow measurement of liquids and gases is a necessity in many industrial applications. There is a great amount of measurers for such purpose, as, for example, the coriolis, positive displacement and type turbine measurers. A measurer sufficiently used for the oil flow measurement is the turbine type, because it uses the proper extracted energy of the measured flow for its functioning, moreover is also used as standard for the calibration of other measurers. For this reason, it is important to study the parameters that influence the measurement process for turbine measurers. In Brazil, to measure the volume of oil, regardless the type of measurer, it is necessary to observe "Portaria Conjunta Nº. 1", of June 19, 2000, that approved the Technical Regulation of Measurement of Oil and Natural Gas, establishing the minimum conditions and requirements for the systems of oil and natural gas measurement, in order to get a measurement standard. As such, the present work has the objective of determining parameters that influence in the measurement of oil volumes using turbine measurers.
Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology, 2006
According to the Technical Regulation of Measurement of Petroleum and Natural Gas (approved in 20... more According to the Technical Regulation of Measurement of Petroleum and Natural Gas (approved in 2000 by ANP the Petroleum National Agency of Brazil), the systems of measurement of natural gas should use ultra-sonic flow meters, turbines and, especially, the orifice plates, which represent the most expressive base of the flow systems, being used in the fiscal and operational measurements. This work aims to evaluate the parameters that should be accounted for during the dimensional inspection of orifice plate and roughness of the straight stretches of the tubing used for measurement of natural gas, with the objective of guiding the responsible professionals for the measurement of volumes of natural gas by orifice plate, as well as the professionals of calibration laboratories. In this work, minimum specifications are recommended, irrespective of the pressure tapping or orifice type, in agreement with the norms ISO, AGA and the ANP regulations. The influence of these specifications on the parameters used in the calculation of the volumetric flow is also analyzed.
FA are known to modulate immune function in conditions such as arthritis and lupus erythematosus.... more FA are known to modulate immune function in conditions such as arthritis and lupus erythematosus. The effects of arachidonic (AA) and oleic acids (OA) on function and pleiotropic gene expression of Raji cells were investigated. The following parameters were evaluated: cytotoxicity as assessed by loss of membrane integrity and DNA fragmentation; proliferation as measured by [14C]thymidine incorporation; production of interleukin (IL)-10, interferon (INF)-γ, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α; and expression of pleiotropic genes by a macroarray technique (83 genes in total). AA was more toxic to Raji cells than OA. Both FA promoted an increase in Raji cell proliferation at 75 μM, whereas OA at high concentrations (200 μM) decreased proliferation. AA reduced the production of IL-10, TNF-α, and INF-γ. On the other hand, OA provoked an increase of INF-γ production but did not affect the production of IL-10 and TNF-α. The proportions of genes with altered expression were 27% for AA and 35% for OA. The FA affected the expression of genes clustered as: cytokines, signal transduction pathways, transcription factors, cell cycle, defense and repair, apoptosis, DNA synthesis, cell adhesion, cytoskeleton, and hormone receptors. The most remarkable changes were observed in the genes of signal transduction pathways. These results led us to conclude that the effect of these FA on B-lymphocytes includes regulation of gene expression. Thus, diets enriched with fat containing OA or AA may affect B lymphocyte function in vivo.
Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) undergoing hemodialysis are a risk group for hepatit... more Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) undergoing hemodialysis are a risk group for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. The characteristics of acute hepatitis C infection in this population are not well known. To evaluate the clinical and laboratory characteristics of acute hepatitis C in ESRD patients treated with hemodialysis. ESRD patients on hemodialysis with acute hepatitis C, characterized by elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) followed by anti-HCV seroconversion were studied. Thirty-six patients (58% females, 44+/-12 y), with a mean time on hemodialysis of 2 years, were included. Only 2 (6%) patients had jaundice. ALT elevation was observed in all patients. Median peak ALT was 4.7 x upper limit of normal. The median interval between ALT elevation and anti-HCV seroconversion was 1 month (0 to 8). None of the patients with detectable HCV-RNA showed spontaneous clearance of viremia within 12 weeks of follow-up. Three (8%) patients presented ALT elevation followed by anti-HCV seroconversion with undetectable HCV-RNA. Acute hepatitis C is frequently asymptomatic in ESRD patients on hemodialysis and should be suspected in all patients presenting elevated ALT. Determination of HCV-RNA is important for the confirmation of infection. Anti-HCV seroconversion seems to occur early and spontaneous clearance of HCV-RNA is uncommon.
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