omer menekse
Ömer Menekşe
07.08.1967’de Erzincan-Kemah’ta doğdu. İlk, orta ve lise tahsilini İstanbul-Üsküdar’da tamamladı. 1989’da Marmara Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi’nden mezun oldu. 1992 yılında Büyük Selçuklu İmparatorluğu yükseliş devri fakihleri (1063-1092) başlıklı teziyle yüksek lisansını, 1998 yılında da “17. ve 18. yüzyıllarda Osmanlı’da Hırsızlık Suçu ve Cezası” adlı teziyle doktorasını tamamladı. 1990-2022 yılları arasında Diyanet İşleri Başkanlığı bünyesinde imam-hatiplik, Din İşleri Yüksek Kurulu Uzmanlığı, Derleme ve Yayın Şubesi müdürlüğü, Bilgi Yönetimi ve İletişim Daire Başkanlığı ve Başkanlık Müşavirliği görevlerinde bulundu. İslam Hukuku alanında 2018 yılında doçent, 2024 yılında profesör oldu. 2023 yılından bu yana Düzce Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi öğretim üyeliği görevini sürdürmektedir.
Başlıca Eserleri:
“Osmanlı Toplumunda Zındıklık -Patburunzâde Örneğinde Bir İnceleme-“, “Selçuklu İslam Hukuku (Yükseliş Devri)”, Selçuklu Fıkıh Âlimleri: Yükseliş Dönemi (455-485/1063-1092), “Türkiye Selçukluları Dönemi Konya Fıkıh Âlimleri, (478-708/1075-1308), “İslam Hukukunda Hırsızlık Suçu ve Cezası”, Kemah Âlimleri, Ehl-i Beyt Sevgisi, Rahmet Peygamberi Hz. Muhammed, Eyvah Gıybet Ettik, Madde Bağımlılığı, 21. Yüzyıl Türkiye’sinde Din ve Diyanet I-II, Prof. Dr. Ali Bardakoğlu, (Derleme).
Ayrıca çeşitli dergilerde yayımlanmış makaleleri ve denemelerinin yanı sıra ulusal ve uluslararası kongrelerde sunduğu bildirileri bulunmaktadır.
Address: Düzce Üniversitesi
07.08.1967’de Erzincan-Kemah’ta doğdu. İlk, orta ve lise tahsilini İstanbul-Üsküdar’da tamamladı. 1989’da Marmara Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi’nden mezun oldu. 1992 yılında Büyük Selçuklu İmparatorluğu yükseliş devri fakihleri (1063-1092) başlıklı teziyle yüksek lisansını, 1998 yılında da “17. ve 18. yüzyıllarda Osmanlı’da Hırsızlık Suçu ve Cezası” adlı teziyle doktorasını tamamladı. 1990-2022 yılları arasında Diyanet İşleri Başkanlığı bünyesinde imam-hatiplik, Din İşleri Yüksek Kurulu Uzmanlığı, Derleme ve Yayın Şubesi müdürlüğü, Bilgi Yönetimi ve İletişim Daire Başkanlığı ve Başkanlık Müşavirliği görevlerinde bulundu. İslam Hukuku alanında 2018 yılında doçent, 2024 yılında profesör oldu. 2023 yılından bu yana Düzce Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi öğretim üyeliği görevini sürdürmektedir.
Başlıca Eserleri:
“Osmanlı Toplumunda Zındıklık -Patburunzâde Örneğinde Bir İnceleme-“, “Selçuklu İslam Hukuku (Yükseliş Devri)”, Selçuklu Fıkıh Âlimleri: Yükseliş Dönemi (455-485/1063-1092), “Türkiye Selçukluları Dönemi Konya Fıkıh Âlimleri, (478-708/1075-1308), “İslam Hukukunda Hırsızlık Suçu ve Cezası”, Kemah Âlimleri, Ehl-i Beyt Sevgisi, Rahmet Peygamberi Hz. Muhammed, Eyvah Gıybet Ettik, Madde Bağımlılığı, 21. Yüzyıl Türkiye’sinde Din ve Diyanet I-II, Prof. Dr. Ali Bardakoğlu, (Derleme).
Ayrıca çeşitli dergilerde yayımlanmış makaleleri ve denemelerinin yanı sıra ulusal ve uluslararası kongrelerde sunduğu bildirileri bulunmaktadır.
Address: Düzce Üniversitesi
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Papers by omer menekse
al-Masail al-Malik-Shahiyyah fi al-Qawaid al-Shariyyah as a Law Codenologies
Abstract: In the history of Turkish law, some legislations have been attempted to ensure
legal unity and stability and to regulate legal gaps. For this end, some legal codes have
been introduced even if being formal. Indeed, one of the works in this context is the law
code called “el-Mesâ‘ilü’l-Melikşâhiyye fi’l-kavâ‘idi’ş-şer‘iyye” (literally: Issues of Malik-Shāhi
in Shariah Rules) written in the period of Great Seljuk Sultan Malik-Shāhi. his law code
deals with the issues of Islamic private law such as simulated contracts (compensatory
contracts), sale of the property, witnessing a marriage against women and the default
of the debtor. The law code is mentioned by some legal experts as the first sharia legal
practise in the history of Turkish law. In fact, it is described as the first legal text we have in
terms of legal provisions issued by the officials or an official delegation. However, it is seen
in historical sources that this text code was formed earlier in Qazvin (Kazwīn) during the
reign of Ghaznavids and that the Seljuks cited it exactly.This study makes a comparative
examination of legal texts in reign of Ghaznavids and the Seljuks and gives detailed information about the content of the legal texts.
Keywords: Seljuks, Malik-Shāh, Legislation, Law, Code.
In this article, we dealt with Nizamiyyah madrasahs concerning its political, social and scientific affects on the basis of education, teaching, foundation, development and activities.
The Seljuks systematized the method of education, thus opening a new path in the history of lslamic civilization. Nizamiyah Madrasahs were established by Nizam al-Mulk, the most famous vizier of Seljuks, afterwards these madrasahs were called in honor of him. They were regarded as the first excellent and systematic universities in the Muslim world. The quality of education was heightened with
these madrasahs. Therefore politicians and governors supported the madrasahs financially and spiritually.
In the Nizamiyyah madrasahs, many well-known and famous scientists such as Ghazzali, Shirazi and Imam al-Haramayn al-Juwaini were educated and their influences on the cultural and religious life are beyond estimation.
After Seljuks, the Nizamiyyah madrasahs were accepted as an examplatory model throughout lslamic World for the new madrasahs.
KeyWords:
Nizamiyyah, Madrasah, Seljuks, Education.
irdelenmeye ve değerlendirmeye çalışılmıştır.
Anahtar kelimeler İslâm Ceza Hukuku, İnternet, Siber Suçlar, Bilişim Suçları, Siber Hırsızlık, Bilgisayar
The Cyber Crimes and its Punishment in Islamic Law- in the “Cyber Theft” Sample-
The rapidly developing and spreading information technologies and the Internet today have led to an increase in crimes committed against information systems and made it easier to commit such crimes.
Criminal law has had its share of the rapid improvement and changes in
technology and rulings on crimes committed on the Internet such as cybercrime have been debated by Islamic jurists.
Although there is no concept in classical Islamic law doctrine which directly or indirectly refers to “cybercrime” in modern terms, this paper will attempt to analyze this problem, which has emerged following scientific, technical, and technological developments, in line with the fundamental principles and purposes of religion by also evaluating approaches from modern scholars of law.
The paper initially covers the definition and historical development of
cybercrimes; it analyzes types and characteristics of cybercrime. Subsequently, in the “cyber theft” sample, it examines the system of penalties imposed for cybercrimes and draws a comparison with modern regulation in terms of Islamic law.
keywords
Islamic Criminal Law, Internet, Cyber Crimes, IT Crimes, Cyber Theft,
Computer
Islam forbids not only the act of adultery but also all acts that invite and
encourage the act of zina. Islam shuts the door to the root of every evil. The most comprehensive definition of zina is: " Sexual intercourse between a man and a woman without legal right or without the semblance of legal right (al-milk or shubhat al-milk)." The Muslim scholars are of the opinion that the Shariah has prescribed
two separate punishments for the crime: 1- If an unmarried man or woman commits zina the punishment shall be 100 lashes, 2- If an married man or woman
commits zina, the punishment shall be stoning to death. A verdict for zina requires the confirmation of the crime by four male witnesses or the confession of the perpetrators.
The legitimacy of stoning as a form of punishment is derived from the
hadith. Stoning is not mentioned in the Koran. This article is about al-rajm (stoning to death) during the Ottoman Empire. When we compare al-rajm with historical events firstly we can see clearly that al-rajm has been definitely implemented.
Therefore, this article aims to indicate the al-rajm that implemented in the Ottoman society with helping of the Shariah records of the court registers. (Mahkamah Sijills):
The verdict for the Zina given by the Qadi mentioned in historical books has been determined from the Court registers as well. This original document of the punishment of stoning has been made known and judged. As a result of this It has appeared that this crime was implemented in the Ottoman Era.
vazgeçilmez bir parçası olmuştur.
Öyle ki, tarihsel süreç içerisinde devlet olgusunu sosyolojik bir bakış
açısıyla ele alanlar olduğu gibi, onun yöneten- yönetilen farklılaşması
ile oluşmuş bir yönetsel organizasyon olduğunu niteleyenlerde
olmuştur. Ayrıca hukukî bir bakış açısı ile devletin egemenlik
ve şahsiyet vasıflarını haiz soyut bir varlık olduunu belirtenler olmuş,
devletin ön plâna çıkarılan niteliğine göre farklı yaklaşımlarda
bulunulmuştur.
Biz de bu çalışmamızda İslâm siyasî düşünce tarihi içindeki bu
farklı yaklaşımlardan Selçuklu devrinin iki önemli şahsiyeti olan ve
ortaya koydukları görüşlerle bir noktada Selçukluların yönetim düşüncesini,
dönemin sosyal, kültürel ve siyasal birikimlerini yansıtan
Mâverdî ile Nizâmülmülk’ün devlet anlayışını karşılaştırmalı olarak
ele aldık.
Mâverdî’nin devlet anlayışını büyük ölçüde yansıtan “Ahkâmü’s-
Sultaniyye” adlı eseri ile Nizâmülmülk’ün devlet anlayışını sergilediği
“Siyasetnâme” adlı eserini karşılaştırmalı olarak irdeledik.
Bu incelemeyi yaparken de her iki müellifin devletin varlık gayesi,
etkin bir yönetimin nasıl olacağı, devlet başkanında bulunması gereken
temel özelliklerin neler olduğu, devlet-toplum ilişkisi üzerindeki
görüşlerini değerlendirmeye çalıştık.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Devlet-Mâverdî- Nizamülmülk- Ahkâmu’s-
Sultâniyye-Siyasetnâme
ABSTRACT
STATE UNDERSTANDING IN THE HISTORY OF ISLAMIC
THOUGHT: MAVERDI AND NIZAMÜLMÜLK EXAMPLES
The state was an indispensable part of the communities’ life since
the first periods of history and till now.
Though, some dealt with the state fact, through historical process,
from sociologic perspective, others qualified it as an administrative
organization due to the difference between the governing and the
governed. Also some scholars specified the state, from a legal point
of view, as an abstract entity due to its sovereign and private affair
qualifications. Thus, different approaches came into being according
to the underlined qualification of the state.
In this study, we tried to deal with the views of Maverdi and Nizamülmülk,
the two important personalities in the Seljuk period,
who represent different approaches in the history of Islamic political
thinking, in a comparative way, since they symbolize the Seljuk’s
governing thinking and demonstrate the social, cultural and political
accumulation of the mentioned period.
For this reason, we investigated thoroughly the work called
“Ahkamü’s-Sultaniyye “ which reflects, to a great deal, the state understanding
of Maverdi and the work called “ Siyasetname “ which
reveals the same understanding of Nizamülmülk comparatively.
While performing this research, we tried to evaluate the mentioned
authors’ views with regard to the objective of the state’s actuality,
the method of effective administration, the basic characteristics
which had to be found in the head of state and the relation between
state and community.
Key Words: State- Maverdi- Nizamülmülk- Ahkamü’s-Sultaniyye-
Siyasetname.
Capacity (ahliyyah) is a term that refers to an individual's competence to have rights and obligations. The capability to have rights and act upon them constitutes the "al-wujub" part of said capacity. Bearing certain responsibilities and being held accountable for unlawful acts constitute the "al-ada" segment of one's capacity. "Capacity defects" are situations that occur under the ahliyyah al-ada or al-wujub, eliminating or restricting both or one, or causing change in various provisions without affecting the individual's capacity. Within the scope of dementia, a capacity defect which brings certain restrictions to the individual's legal dispositions in Islamic law, this article deals with Alzheimer's disease from the phase of a lack of reasoning and weakness of the mind; it attempts to examine issues such as "Which acts can be carried out by an Alzheimer's patient and under which conditions", "In which cases can the patient be held accountable for their action", and "How their unlawful acts are perceived by the law. "
al-Masail al-Malik-Shahiyyah fi al-Qawaid al-Shariyyah as a Law Codenologies
Abstract: In the history of Turkish law, some legislations have been attempted to ensure
legal unity and stability and to regulate legal gaps. For this end, some legal codes have
been introduced even if being formal. Indeed, one of the works in this context is the law
code called “el-Mesâ‘ilü’l-Melikşâhiyye fi’l-kavâ‘idi’ş-şer‘iyye” (literally: Issues of Malik-Shāhi
in Shariah Rules) written in the period of Great Seljuk Sultan Malik-Shāhi. his law code
deals with the issues of Islamic private law such as simulated contracts (compensatory
contracts), sale of the property, witnessing a marriage against women and the default
of the debtor. The law code is mentioned by some legal experts as the first sharia legal
practise in the history of Turkish law. In fact, it is described as the first legal text we have in
terms of legal provisions issued by the officials or an official delegation. However, it is seen
in historical sources that this text code was formed earlier in Qazvin (Kazwīn) during the
reign of Ghaznavids and that the Seljuks cited it exactly.This study makes a comparative
examination of legal texts in reign of Ghaznavids and the Seljuks and gives detailed information about the content of the legal texts.
Keywords: Seljuks, Malik-Shāh, Legislation, Law, Code.
In this article, we dealt with Nizamiyyah madrasahs concerning its political, social and scientific affects on the basis of education, teaching, foundation, development and activities.
The Seljuks systematized the method of education, thus opening a new path in the history of lslamic civilization. Nizamiyah Madrasahs were established by Nizam al-Mulk, the most famous vizier of Seljuks, afterwards these madrasahs were called in honor of him. They were regarded as the first excellent and systematic universities in the Muslim world. The quality of education was heightened with
these madrasahs. Therefore politicians and governors supported the madrasahs financially and spiritually.
In the Nizamiyyah madrasahs, many well-known and famous scientists such as Ghazzali, Shirazi and Imam al-Haramayn al-Juwaini were educated and their influences on the cultural and religious life are beyond estimation.
After Seljuks, the Nizamiyyah madrasahs were accepted as an examplatory model throughout lslamic World for the new madrasahs.
KeyWords:
Nizamiyyah, Madrasah, Seljuks, Education.
irdelenmeye ve değerlendirmeye çalışılmıştır.
Anahtar kelimeler İslâm Ceza Hukuku, İnternet, Siber Suçlar, Bilişim Suçları, Siber Hırsızlık, Bilgisayar
The Cyber Crimes and its Punishment in Islamic Law- in the “Cyber Theft” Sample-
The rapidly developing and spreading information technologies and the Internet today have led to an increase in crimes committed against information systems and made it easier to commit such crimes.
Criminal law has had its share of the rapid improvement and changes in
technology and rulings on crimes committed on the Internet such as cybercrime have been debated by Islamic jurists.
Although there is no concept in classical Islamic law doctrine which directly or indirectly refers to “cybercrime” in modern terms, this paper will attempt to analyze this problem, which has emerged following scientific, technical, and technological developments, in line with the fundamental principles and purposes of religion by also evaluating approaches from modern scholars of law.
The paper initially covers the definition and historical development of
cybercrimes; it analyzes types and characteristics of cybercrime. Subsequently, in the “cyber theft” sample, it examines the system of penalties imposed for cybercrimes and draws a comparison with modern regulation in terms of Islamic law.
keywords
Islamic Criminal Law, Internet, Cyber Crimes, IT Crimes, Cyber Theft,
Computer
Islam forbids not only the act of adultery but also all acts that invite and
encourage the act of zina. Islam shuts the door to the root of every evil. The most comprehensive definition of zina is: " Sexual intercourse between a man and a woman without legal right or without the semblance of legal right (al-milk or shubhat al-milk)." The Muslim scholars are of the opinion that the Shariah has prescribed
two separate punishments for the crime: 1- If an unmarried man or woman commits zina the punishment shall be 100 lashes, 2- If an married man or woman
commits zina, the punishment shall be stoning to death. A verdict for zina requires the confirmation of the crime by four male witnesses or the confession of the perpetrators.
The legitimacy of stoning as a form of punishment is derived from the
hadith. Stoning is not mentioned in the Koran. This article is about al-rajm (stoning to death) during the Ottoman Empire. When we compare al-rajm with historical events firstly we can see clearly that al-rajm has been definitely implemented.
Therefore, this article aims to indicate the al-rajm that implemented in the Ottoman society with helping of the Shariah records of the court registers. (Mahkamah Sijills):
The verdict for the Zina given by the Qadi mentioned in historical books has been determined from the Court registers as well. This original document of the punishment of stoning has been made known and judged. As a result of this It has appeared that this crime was implemented in the Ottoman Era.
vazgeçilmez bir parçası olmuştur.
Öyle ki, tarihsel süreç içerisinde devlet olgusunu sosyolojik bir bakış
açısıyla ele alanlar olduğu gibi, onun yöneten- yönetilen farklılaşması
ile oluşmuş bir yönetsel organizasyon olduğunu niteleyenlerde
olmuştur. Ayrıca hukukî bir bakış açısı ile devletin egemenlik
ve şahsiyet vasıflarını haiz soyut bir varlık olduunu belirtenler olmuş,
devletin ön plâna çıkarılan niteliğine göre farklı yaklaşımlarda
bulunulmuştur.
Biz de bu çalışmamızda İslâm siyasî düşünce tarihi içindeki bu
farklı yaklaşımlardan Selçuklu devrinin iki önemli şahsiyeti olan ve
ortaya koydukları görüşlerle bir noktada Selçukluların yönetim düşüncesini,
dönemin sosyal, kültürel ve siyasal birikimlerini yansıtan
Mâverdî ile Nizâmülmülk’ün devlet anlayışını karşılaştırmalı olarak
ele aldık.
Mâverdî’nin devlet anlayışını büyük ölçüde yansıtan “Ahkâmü’s-
Sultaniyye” adlı eseri ile Nizâmülmülk’ün devlet anlayışını sergilediği
“Siyasetnâme” adlı eserini karşılaştırmalı olarak irdeledik.
Bu incelemeyi yaparken de her iki müellifin devletin varlık gayesi,
etkin bir yönetimin nasıl olacağı, devlet başkanında bulunması gereken
temel özelliklerin neler olduğu, devlet-toplum ilişkisi üzerindeki
görüşlerini değerlendirmeye çalıştık.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Devlet-Mâverdî- Nizamülmülk- Ahkâmu’s-
Sultâniyye-Siyasetnâme
ABSTRACT
STATE UNDERSTANDING IN THE HISTORY OF ISLAMIC
THOUGHT: MAVERDI AND NIZAMÜLMÜLK EXAMPLES
The state was an indispensable part of the communities’ life since
the first periods of history and till now.
Though, some dealt with the state fact, through historical process,
from sociologic perspective, others qualified it as an administrative
organization due to the difference between the governing and the
governed. Also some scholars specified the state, from a legal point
of view, as an abstract entity due to its sovereign and private affair
qualifications. Thus, different approaches came into being according
to the underlined qualification of the state.
In this study, we tried to deal with the views of Maverdi and Nizamülmülk,
the two important personalities in the Seljuk period,
who represent different approaches in the history of Islamic political
thinking, in a comparative way, since they symbolize the Seljuk’s
governing thinking and demonstrate the social, cultural and political
accumulation of the mentioned period.
For this reason, we investigated thoroughly the work called
“Ahkamü’s-Sultaniyye “ which reflects, to a great deal, the state understanding
of Maverdi and the work called “ Siyasetname “ which
reveals the same understanding of Nizamülmülk comparatively.
While performing this research, we tried to evaluate the mentioned
authors’ views with regard to the objective of the state’s actuality,
the method of effective administration, the basic characteristics
which had to be found in the head of state and the relation between
state and community.
Key Words: State- Maverdi- Nizamülmülk- Ahkamü’s-Sultaniyye-
Siyasetname.
Capacity (ahliyyah) is a term that refers to an individual's competence to have rights and obligations. The capability to have rights and act upon them constitutes the "al-wujub" part of said capacity. Bearing certain responsibilities and being held accountable for unlawful acts constitute the "al-ada" segment of one's capacity. "Capacity defects" are situations that occur under the ahliyyah al-ada or al-wujub, eliminating or restricting both or one, or causing change in various provisions without affecting the individual's capacity. Within the scope of dementia, a capacity defect which brings certain restrictions to the individual's legal dispositions in Islamic law, this article deals with Alzheimer's disease from the phase of a lack of reasoning and weakness of the mind; it attempts to examine issues such as "Which acts can be carried out by an Alzheimer's patient and under which conditions", "In which cases can the patient be held accountable for their action", and "How their unlawful acts are perceived by the law. "