The inhabitants of Dutse depend predominantly on shallow hand dug wells for domestic water supply... more The inhabitants of Dutse depend predominantly on shallow hand dug wells for domestic water supply but these are susceptible to contamination from various sources due to the unprotected nature of this water source, the geology of the area, and anthropogenic activities. The focus of this paper is to assess the physicochemical and test for coliform of the shallow hand-dug wells in Dutse and compare it to the threshold of WHO and the Nigerian Administration Food and Drugs Agency (NAFDAC). Forty-four shallow unprotected public hand-dug wells were purposively selected and sampled across the town. The physical parameters of pH and Electrical Conductivity were measured using a pH meter and electric conductivity meter on site having mean values of 8.74 and 646.37 mg/L indicating that 90 % of the samples exceeded the set standard limits. The chemical analysis was carried out using Flame photometry, Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry and Ultra Violet Spectrophotometry methods. The heavy metal...
This study examined the association between COVID-19 and fear of contracting COVID-19 and reasons... more This study examined the association between COVID-19 and fear of contracting COVID-19 and reasons for vaccination refusal. A population-based online survey was conducted via social media in Nigeria using the Fear of COVID-19 scale and items related to vaccination refusal/hesitancy items. Individuals aged 13 years and older were invited to participate. Data were analysed using binary logistic regression to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and associated 95% confidence intervals (CIs) at a p-value of less than 0.05. The study enrolled 577 individuals with a mean age of 31.86 years, 70% of whom were male and 27.7% of whom had received at least one dose of the vaccine against COVID-19. None of the variables on the Fear of COVID-19 scale significantly predicted vaccine uptake in multivariate analysis. However, individuals who were fearful of COVID-19 were more likely to be vaccinated in bivariate analysis (OR: 1.7, 95% CI: 1.06–2.63). The most significant factors among the vaccination refusal...
The purpose of this study was to examine the subjective reasons for hesitancy to receive COVID-19... more The purpose of this study was to examine the subjective reasons for hesitancy to receive COVID-19 vaccination and the sociodemographic factors associated with vaccination uptake. An online social media survey was conducted among the general Nigerian population using a self-developed questionnaire. Data were analyzed using binary logistic regression with crude and adjusted odds ratios (AOR) at a 95% confidence interval (CI) and a p value of less than 0.05. A total of 576 participants with a mean age of 31.86 years participated in the study. 28% (n = 158) received one or more doses of the COVID-19 vaccine. Teachers were significantly less likely than health professionals to be vaccinated (AOR = 0.33, 95% CI 0.16–0.69). In addition, unemployed people (AOR = 0.37, 95% CI 0.15–0.89) were less likely to be vaccinated than government employees, and those of intermediate socioeconomic status (AOR = 0.47 95% CI 0.26–0.88) were less likely to be vaccinated than were those of high socioeconomi...
The inhabitants of Dutse depend predominantly on shallow handdug wells for domestic water supply ... more The inhabitants of Dutse depend predominantly on shallow handdug wells for domestic water supply but these are susceptible to contamination from various sources due to the unprotected nature of this water source, the geology of the area and anthropogenic activities. The focus of this paper is to assess the physicochemical and test for coliform of the shallow hand-dug wells in Dutse and compare it to the threshold of WHO and the Nigerian Administration Food and Drugs Agency (NAFDAC). Forty-four shallow unprotected public hand-dug wells were purposively selected and sampled across the town. The physical parameters of pH and Electrical Conductivity were measured using a pH meter and electric conductivity meter on site having mean values of 8.74 and 646.37 mg/L indicating that 90 % of the samples exceeded the set standard limits. The chemical analysis was carried out using Flame photometry, Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry and Ultra Violet Spectrophotometry methods. The heavy metals Cu, Fe, Mn and Cr have average values of 1.43, 0.11, 3.31 and 0.076 mg/L respectively which complied with the limits. The test for coliform was carried out using the coliform counter and all the samples show positive results for the bacteriological analysis the water should be treated before use.
ObjectiveThis meta-review aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of overall mental health of h... more ObjectiveThis meta-review aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of overall mental health of healthcare professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodWe conducted a comprehensive literature search on Academic Search Premier, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, and MEDLINE. A predefined eligibility criterion was used to screen the articles. The methodology quality of eligible studies was assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute checklist for systematic reviews. The data were narratively synthesised in line with the meta-review aim.ResultForty systematic reviews (represented as K = 40), which reported data from 1,828 primary studies (N) and 3,245,768 participants, met the inclusion criteria. The findings from a pooled prevalence indicate that anxiety (16–41%, K = 30, N = 701), depression (14–37%, K = 28, N = 584), and stress/post-traumatic stress disorder (18.6–56.5%, K = 24, N = 327) were the most prevailing COVID-19 pandemic-related mental health conditions affecting healthcare workers. O...
Background COVID-19 pandemic has continued to cause unprecedented concern across the globe since ... more Background COVID-19 pandemic has continued to cause unprecedented concern across the globe since the beginning of the outbreak. Healthcare workers, particularly those working on the front line, remain one of the most affected groups. Various studies have investigated different aspects of the physical health of healthcare workers; however, limited evidence on the overall physical health of healthcare workers has been collectively examined. Aim To examine the various aspects of physical health and well-being of healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Design An umbrella review. Methods We conducted a comprehensive literature search on Academic Search Premier, CINAHL, Cochrane Library and MEDLINE and supplemented the search with Google Scholar. Key terms related to ‘COVID-19’, ‘physical health’, ‘healthcare worker’ and ‘systematic review’ were used in the search. Systematic reviews with or without meta-analyses were included if they were published in English language, could be obtained in full-text format, and assessed the physical health impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare workers were included. The methodological quality of eligible studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute's checklist for systematic reviews. The data were narratively synthesised in line with the ‘Synthesis Without Meta-analysis’ guideline. Results Thirteen systematic reviews (represented as K=13) that synthesised data from 1230 primary studies/reports and 1,040,336 participants met the inclusion criteria. The findings indicate a death rate of between 0.3-54.2 per 100 infections (K=4). The overall case-fatality rate was estimated to be 0.87% (approximately 9 deaths per 1000 infections, K=3). The overall infection rate among healthcare workers ranged from 3.9% to 11% (K=5), with the highest rate associated with healthcare workers involved in screening. Considering geographic regions, the highest number of infections was reported in Europe (78.2% of 152,888 infected healthcare workers, K=1). More nurses and female healthcare workers were infected, while deaths occurred mainly among men and medical doctors. The commonly reported symptoms included cough (56-80%, K=3), fever (57-85%, K=3), and headache (7-81%, K=3), while hypertension was the most prevalent comorbidity (7%, K=1). Additionally, a high prevalence of poor sleep quality (41-43%, K=2), work-related stress (33-44.86%, K=5) and personal protective equipment-associated skin injuries (48.2-97%, K=2) affected the healthcare workers. The most reported preventive measures included laboratory testing, clinical diagnosis, adequate personal protective equipment, self-isolation, and training/orientation for infection control. Conclusion Healthcare workers experienced considerable COVID-19-related physical health issues, including mortalities. This requires targeted interventions and health policies to support healthcare workers worldwide to ensure timely management of the pandemic. Tweetable abstract: This umbrella review highlights the global mortalities, infections, and other aspects of physical health of healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Toilet facilities among other things, is considered a basic requirement in every school environme... more Toilet facilities among other things, is considered a basic requirement in every school environment to cater for both emotional and physical needs of the students. This study aimed to assess toilet facilities in selected public and private secondary schools within Maiduguri Metropolis, Borno state. Ten secondary schools (5 public and 5 private) were purposively sampled for the study. An interview schedule comprising of thirty (30) structured questionnaires was administered in each of the sampled schools making a total of three hundred (300) respondents. The findings of the study reveals that most of the schools especially the privately owned schools have a high number of students-toilet ratio, with schools such as MCS and FBS having as high as 1:387 and 1:295 respectively which is above the required standard of 1:30 of the Nigerian Federal Ministry of Education. All the schools have the necessary inventory expected in a normal school setting even though not in sufficient quantity, e...
The inhabitants of Dutse depend predominantly on shallow hand dug wells for domestic water supply... more The inhabitants of Dutse depend predominantly on shallow hand dug wells for domestic water supply but these are susceptible to contamination from various sources due to the unprotected nature of this water source, the geology of the area, and anthropogenic activities. The focus of this paper is to assess the physicochemical and test for coliform of the shallow hand-dug wells in Dutse and compare it to the threshold of WHO and the Nigerian Administration Food and Drugs Agency (NAFDAC). Forty-four shallow unprotected public hand-dug wells were purposively selected and sampled across the town. The physical parameters of pH and Electrical Conductivity were measured using a pH meter and electric conductivity meter on site having mean values of 8.74 and 646.37 mg/L indicating that 90 % of the samples exceeded the set standard limits. The chemical analysis was carried out using Flame photometry, Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry and Ultra Violet Spectrophotometry methods. The heavy metal...
This study examined the association between COVID-19 and fear of contracting COVID-19 and reasons... more This study examined the association between COVID-19 and fear of contracting COVID-19 and reasons for vaccination refusal. A population-based online survey was conducted via social media in Nigeria using the Fear of COVID-19 scale and items related to vaccination refusal/hesitancy items. Individuals aged 13 years and older were invited to participate. Data were analysed using binary logistic regression to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and associated 95% confidence intervals (CIs) at a p-value of less than 0.05. The study enrolled 577 individuals with a mean age of 31.86 years, 70% of whom were male and 27.7% of whom had received at least one dose of the vaccine against COVID-19. None of the variables on the Fear of COVID-19 scale significantly predicted vaccine uptake in multivariate analysis. However, individuals who were fearful of COVID-19 were more likely to be vaccinated in bivariate analysis (OR: 1.7, 95% CI: 1.06–2.63). The most significant factors among the vaccination refusal...
The purpose of this study was to examine the subjective reasons for hesitancy to receive COVID-19... more The purpose of this study was to examine the subjective reasons for hesitancy to receive COVID-19 vaccination and the sociodemographic factors associated with vaccination uptake. An online social media survey was conducted among the general Nigerian population using a self-developed questionnaire. Data were analyzed using binary logistic regression with crude and adjusted odds ratios (AOR) at a 95% confidence interval (CI) and a p value of less than 0.05. A total of 576 participants with a mean age of 31.86 years participated in the study. 28% (n = 158) received one or more doses of the COVID-19 vaccine. Teachers were significantly less likely than health professionals to be vaccinated (AOR = 0.33, 95% CI 0.16–0.69). In addition, unemployed people (AOR = 0.37, 95% CI 0.15–0.89) were less likely to be vaccinated than government employees, and those of intermediate socioeconomic status (AOR = 0.47 95% CI 0.26–0.88) were less likely to be vaccinated than were those of high socioeconomi...
The inhabitants of Dutse depend predominantly on shallow handdug wells for domestic water supply ... more The inhabitants of Dutse depend predominantly on shallow handdug wells for domestic water supply but these are susceptible to contamination from various sources due to the unprotected nature of this water source, the geology of the area and anthropogenic activities. The focus of this paper is to assess the physicochemical and test for coliform of the shallow hand-dug wells in Dutse and compare it to the threshold of WHO and the Nigerian Administration Food and Drugs Agency (NAFDAC). Forty-four shallow unprotected public hand-dug wells were purposively selected and sampled across the town. The physical parameters of pH and Electrical Conductivity were measured using a pH meter and electric conductivity meter on site having mean values of 8.74 and 646.37 mg/L indicating that 90 % of the samples exceeded the set standard limits. The chemical analysis was carried out using Flame photometry, Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry and Ultra Violet Spectrophotometry methods. The heavy metals Cu, Fe, Mn and Cr have average values of 1.43, 0.11, 3.31 and 0.076 mg/L respectively which complied with the limits. The test for coliform was carried out using the coliform counter and all the samples show positive results for the bacteriological analysis the water should be treated before use.
ObjectiveThis meta-review aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of overall mental health of h... more ObjectiveThis meta-review aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of overall mental health of healthcare professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodWe conducted a comprehensive literature search on Academic Search Premier, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, and MEDLINE. A predefined eligibility criterion was used to screen the articles. The methodology quality of eligible studies was assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute checklist for systematic reviews. The data were narratively synthesised in line with the meta-review aim.ResultForty systematic reviews (represented as K = 40), which reported data from 1,828 primary studies (N) and 3,245,768 participants, met the inclusion criteria. The findings from a pooled prevalence indicate that anxiety (16–41%, K = 30, N = 701), depression (14–37%, K = 28, N = 584), and stress/post-traumatic stress disorder (18.6–56.5%, K = 24, N = 327) were the most prevailing COVID-19 pandemic-related mental health conditions affecting healthcare workers. O...
Background COVID-19 pandemic has continued to cause unprecedented concern across the globe since ... more Background COVID-19 pandemic has continued to cause unprecedented concern across the globe since the beginning of the outbreak. Healthcare workers, particularly those working on the front line, remain one of the most affected groups. Various studies have investigated different aspects of the physical health of healthcare workers; however, limited evidence on the overall physical health of healthcare workers has been collectively examined. Aim To examine the various aspects of physical health and well-being of healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Design An umbrella review. Methods We conducted a comprehensive literature search on Academic Search Premier, CINAHL, Cochrane Library and MEDLINE and supplemented the search with Google Scholar. Key terms related to ‘COVID-19’, ‘physical health’, ‘healthcare worker’ and ‘systematic review’ were used in the search. Systematic reviews with or without meta-analyses were included if they were published in English language, could be obtained in full-text format, and assessed the physical health impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare workers were included. The methodological quality of eligible studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute's checklist for systematic reviews. The data were narratively synthesised in line with the ‘Synthesis Without Meta-analysis’ guideline. Results Thirteen systematic reviews (represented as K=13) that synthesised data from 1230 primary studies/reports and 1,040,336 participants met the inclusion criteria. The findings indicate a death rate of between 0.3-54.2 per 100 infections (K=4). The overall case-fatality rate was estimated to be 0.87% (approximately 9 deaths per 1000 infections, K=3). The overall infection rate among healthcare workers ranged from 3.9% to 11% (K=5), with the highest rate associated with healthcare workers involved in screening. Considering geographic regions, the highest number of infections was reported in Europe (78.2% of 152,888 infected healthcare workers, K=1). More nurses and female healthcare workers were infected, while deaths occurred mainly among men and medical doctors. The commonly reported symptoms included cough (56-80%, K=3), fever (57-85%, K=3), and headache (7-81%, K=3), while hypertension was the most prevalent comorbidity (7%, K=1). Additionally, a high prevalence of poor sleep quality (41-43%, K=2), work-related stress (33-44.86%, K=5) and personal protective equipment-associated skin injuries (48.2-97%, K=2) affected the healthcare workers. The most reported preventive measures included laboratory testing, clinical diagnosis, adequate personal protective equipment, self-isolation, and training/orientation for infection control. Conclusion Healthcare workers experienced considerable COVID-19-related physical health issues, including mortalities. This requires targeted interventions and health policies to support healthcare workers worldwide to ensure timely management of the pandemic. Tweetable abstract: This umbrella review highlights the global mortalities, infections, and other aspects of physical health of healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Toilet facilities among other things, is considered a basic requirement in every school environme... more Toilet facilities among other things, is considered a basic requirement in every school environment to cater for both emotional and physical needs of the students. This study aimed to assess toilet facilities in selected public and private secondary schools within Maiduguri Metropolis, Borno state. Ten secondary schools (5 public and 5 private) were purposively sampled for the study. An interview schedule comprising of thirty (30) structured questionnaires was administered in each of the sampled schools making a total of three hundred (300) respondents. The findings of the study reveals that most of the schools especially the privately owned schools have a high number of students-toilet ratio, with schools such as MCS and FBS having as high as 1:387 and 1:295 respectively which is above the required standard of 1:30 of the Nigerian Federal Ministry of Education. All the schools have the necessary inventory expected in a normal school setting even though not in sufficient quantity, e...
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