Papers by jean pierre brillard
Asian-australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, Jul 1, 2001
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HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), 1985
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National audienc
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National audienc
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Background: In mammals, adipose tissue is able to secrete various hormones called adipokines incl... more Background: In mammals, adipose tissue is able to secrete various hormones called adipokines including adiponectin (ADP), chemerin (Chem) and visfatin (Visf) which are involved in controlling energy metabolism as well as reproductive functions. Visf receptor is still unknown whereas ADP and Chem mainly act through AdipoR1, AdipoR2 and CMKLR1 and GPR1 receptors, respectively. No studies have yet demonstrated the presence of these three adipokines in peripheral tissues, ovarian cells or turkey plasma. Here, we investigated the expression (mRNA and protein) of ADP, Chem, Visf and their receptors in peripheral tissues and ovarian cells (granulosa and theca cells) from hierarchical follicles. Furthermore, we determined the plasma profile of ADP, Visf and Chem at different physiological stages: start, peak and end of the laying period in Meleagris gallopavo turkeys. This data was correlated with the metabolic data (plasma glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol and phospholipids). Methods: Ti...
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Poultry Science, 1992
Four hundred and eight dwarf broiler breeder hens were raised collectively in a floor pen to 21 w... more Four hundred and eight dwarf broiler breeder hens were raised collectively in a floor pen to 21 wk of age. At this age they were classified into four groups with reference to their individual BW as heavy (1.95 +/- .1 kg), medium (1.80 +/- .1 kg), light (1.69 +/- .1 kg), and ultralight (1.57 +/- .1 kg). All groups were individually caged at 23 wk of age. During the reproductive period, each group was divided into three subgroups fed on liberal, intermediate, or severe feed restriction (reaching up to 135, 125, and 115 g of daily feed allowance at 29 wk of age, respectively). Intergroup differences in BW were maintained throughout the experiment (21 to 61 wk) but tended to decrease with age. Hen-day egg production was depressed by the lower feed allowance. Fertility and hatchability were impaired when hens received the largest quantities of food. Hen size influenced female breeder performance only slightly. Shell quality and albumen quality were affected by the level of feed consumption. Egg weights as well as BW of the progeny at hatching were enhanced by increased maternal BW and feed allowance. This positive maternal effect was still present at 40 days of age. Despite better overall BW performances of the male versus female broilers, the abdominal fat pad of female broilers was heavier than that of males and tended to increase with breeder size and breeder feed allowance. Accordingly, tibial breaking strength and percentage ash of the progeny at hatching were markedly improved in proportion to the breeders' BW and to their feed allowance. The effect of breeder size on broiler tibial quality was maintained up to 40 days of age but the effect of breeder feed intake tended to disappear with increasing age of the broilers. Tibial strength and mineralization were higher in male than in female broilers at 40 days of age. Dyschondroplasia was higher in broilers hatched from heavier breeder hens, but was not influenced by breeder feed intake. The incidence of varus and valgus in progeny was similar whatever the breeders' treatment. It is concluded that performance of dwarf breeders in a given flock depends mainly upon breeder feed allowance but that broiler performance and, especially, tibial ossification of broilers is greatly influenced by maternal size and, to a lesser extent, by maternal feed intake.
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Poultry Science, 1986
The effects of hen age (28 to 31 vs. 49 to 52 weeks of age), sperm concentration (dose used for a... more The effects of hen age (28 to 31 vs. 49 to 52 weeks of age), sperm concentration (dose used for artificial insemination), and frequency of insemination on fertility and embryonic survival of dwarf broiler breeder hens were examined. Hens in Groups 1 and 2 were inseminated weekly with single doses of either 250 million (Group 1) or 125 million (Group 2) sperm during the 4 weeks of each period. Hens in Groups 3 and 4 were inseminated every other week with duplicate doses on 2 consecutive days, with 250 million sperm/dose in Group 3 and 125 million/dose in Group 4. Hens in Groups 5 and 6 were inseminated weekly with either 250 million (Group 5) or 125 million (Group 6) sperm dose, except the 1st week of each period when they received duplicate doses as in Groups 3 and 4. In Groups 1 and 2, insemination with weekly single doses of semen (250 or 125 million sperm) had no significant effect on fertility of young or old hens. Percent fertility during the 2nd week after artificial insemination was lower in Group 4 than in Group 3 (73.0 vs. 82.9 in young hens and 70.4 vs. 80.7 in old hens). There were no significant differences in fertility between semen doses or age periods in Groups 5 and 6. In these two groups, overall fertility ranged from 94.3 to 95.9%. Complementary studies on individual fertility and embryonic survival showed the beneficial effects of duplicate followed by single inseminations of moderate doses (125 million sperm) practiced at weekly intervals in old hens. This method should be of practical application in commercial practice.
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Poultry Science, 1989
One hundred sixty-two dwarf broiler breeder females were each inseminated at 4-wk intervals with ... more One hundred sixty-two dwarf broiler breeder females were each inseminated at 4-wk intervals with either 30, 60, or 120 million spermatozoa repeated on 2 consecutive days. The experiment was conducted at two age periods, i.e., 32 to 41 wk (Period I) and 55 to 63 wk (Period II). Females during Period II had a significantly shorter duration of fertility than during Period I (P less than .0001). Also, the mean duration of fertility but not maximum percent fertility was improved in females inseminated with the highest doses compared with the lower doses of spermatozoa. Individual fertility results confirmed that a large majority of the females (81 to 93% during Period I and 62 to 76% during Period II) are capable of laying 100% fertile eggs for at least 7 days. The mean duration of fertility during Period II was longer in females primarily classified as having the longest duration of fertility in Period I. This confirms that duration of fertility is consistent during the reproductive life.
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Cryobiology, 1999
A series of experiments was conducted to compare the viability of fresh fowl spermatozoa, samples... more A series of experiments was conducted to compare the viability of fresh fowl spermatozoa, samples suspended in three cryoprotectants (CPAs), frozen/thawed samples, and frozen/thawed samples maintained in vitro for up to 24 h. The CPAs used were glycerol (Glyc), dimethylacetamide (DMA), and dimethylformamide (DMF). Viability was assayed using two double stains, Eosin + Nigrosin or SYBR-14 + PI (propidium iodide). Semen samples examined with SYBR-14 + PI indicated significant differences in viability between fresh and ready-to-freeze preparations (fresh, 83%; Glyc, 73%; DMA, 74%; DMF, 72%; P < 0.05). In contrast, Eosin + Nigrosin did not detect any difference at this stage (fresh, 88%; Glyc, 86%; DMA, 87%; DMF, 88%; P > 0.05). The percentages of viable spermatozoa in frozen/thawed ejaculates stored in vitro for 0, 4, and 24 h were generally higher in samples treated with glycerol than in those treated with DMA or DMF, irrespective of the technique used to assess sperm viability (P < 0.05). Fertility in eggs obtained from hens inseminated with semen frozen in DMA reached levels comparable to those obtained from hens inseminated with fresh undiluted semen (88 and 93%, respectively; P > 0.05). In contrast, fertility of eggs from hens inseminated with semen frozen in DMF or glycerol was significantly lower, although still very good, than that observed in eggs from hens inseminated with semen frozen/thawed in DMA (79 and 76%, respectively; P < 0.05). Finally, the double stain SYBR-14 + PI was proven more effective than Eosin + Nigrosin to assess sperm viability in fresh, stored, and frozen fowl semen. However, additional tests (e.g., morphology, acrosomal status, motility) remain necessary to develop a working model of in vitro sperm analysis capable of revealing the fertilizing potential of fresh and frozen fowl spermatozoa.
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British Poultry Science, 1992
1. Maximum duration (Dm, number of days post-insemination until last fertile egg) and efficient d... more 1. Maximum duration (Dm, number of days post-insemination until last fertile egg) and efficient duration (De, number of days post-insemination until first infertile egg) of fertility, number of fertile eggs (F), dead embryos and hatched chicks (H) during the 21 d following the latter of two intravaginal inseminations (with 125 x 10(6) spermatozoa) on two consecutive days were measured in a total of 2549 layer-type hens at three ages (starting at 30, 44 and 55 weeks of age). 2. De and Dm were highly correlated (0.46 less than or equal to r less than or equal to 0.67). Both De and Dm were also well correlated with F (0.45 less than or equal to r less than or equal to 0.80) and H (0.45 less than or equal to r less than or equal to 0.76) whereas correlations between numbers of dead embryos and other variables were very low and often not significant (0.04 less than or equal to r less than or equal to 0.29). 3. The highest repeatabilities between hen ages were observed for F (0.34 less than or equal to r less than or equal to 0.49) and H (0.36 less than or equal to r less than or equal to 0.48) and the lowest for numbers of dead embryos (0.02 less than or equal to r less than or equal to 0.28). 4. Because of low fertility 18 d after insemination, the period over which measurements were made could have been reduced by 3 d without significant differences in the ranking of the females. 5. The number of perivitelline spermatozoa found in eggs laid on day 2 is not a good predictor of duration of fertility but could allow the culling of hens associated with lowest De or Dm.
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British Poultry Science, 2003
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National audienc
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The vehicle of the invention is designed for non-autonomous organisms of the animal kingdom, such... more The vehicle of the invention is designed for non-autonomous organisms of the animal kingdom, such as gametes and embryos must be maintained alive out of their natural environment for human intervention, and is likely to be kept ready for use over extended periods. This is an aqueous medium comprising, further including nutrition agents (sugars and amino acids), buffers, and inorganic salts conventionally used, a protective product formed as embryonic growth medium by a living organism, which, the state of the art, is of animal origin and added extemporaneously to the use of the vehicle and which, according to the invention is a lecithin derived from soybeans and introduced into the aqueous medium to the vehicle formulation. When the conservation of microorganisms is cryogenic, glycerol is added to the vehicle. In a particular application, microorganisms are sperm cattle.
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Http Www Theses Fr, 1988
CNRS T Bordereau / INIST-CNRS - Institut de l'Information Scientifique et TechniqueSIGLEFRFranc
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Animal, 2007
A very large majority of farm animals express seasonal variations in their production traits, thu... more A very large majority of farm animals express seasonal variations in their production traits, thus inducing seasonal availability of fresh derived animal products (meat, milk, cheese and eggs). This pattern is in part the consequence of the farmer's objective to market his products in the most economically favourable period. It may also be imposed by the season-dependent access to feed resources, as in ruminants, or by the specific requirements derived from adaptation to environmental conditions such as water temperature in fish. But seasonal variations in animal products are also the consequence of constraints resulting from the occurrence of a more or less marked seasonal reproductive season in most farm animal species including fish, poultry and mammals. Like their wild counterparts, at mid and high latitudes, most farm animals normally give birth at the end of winter-early spring, the most favourable period for the progeny to survive and thus promote the next generation. As ...
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Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe - HAL - Université Paris Descartes, 2004
Mention d'édition : 3.edNational audienc
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Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe - HAL - memSIC, Aug 25, 2014
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National audienc
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National audienc
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Papers by jean pierre brillard