The spread of infrastructure requirements and variety in mechanisms used to secure contributions ... more The spread of infrastructure requirements and variety in mechanisms used to secure contributions (infrastructure provision) from private sector was a reflection of the institutional framework in planning system.The study has identified that although both private and local authorities have a good understanding of the fundamental of concept of local infrastructure provision and the arguments for and against the use of private provision, there are still considerable areas of uncertainty surrounding the precise definition (as prescribed in the relevant legislations) and measurements of the key elements pertaining to local infrastructure.The findings revealed that the previous studies has tended to examine the nature of the practice of the infrastructure delivery within the framework of national economy and very little focus has been given to a comprehensive examination on how private developers can be involved in local infrastructure development.The primary problem is that there is no s...
International Review of Management and Marketing, 2016
Local authorities are turning to the private sectors to achieve their objective of providing loca... more Local authorities are turning to the private sectors to achieve their objective of providing local infrastructures for effective management of the local areas. Private sector and local authority have good understanding of the fundamental concept of local infrastructure provision. Despite this understanding, there are still considerable lapses of what best practice and method to adopt in the provision of local infrastructure. This study therefore examined the role of private developers in local infrastructure and the practices used by local authorities for infrastructural procurement in Malaysia. 22 local authorities and 16 developers were selected through purposive sampling method, and data collected using questionnaires was analysed using the descriptive analysis technique. The findings revealed that joint venture and complete public delivery systems; negotiations are the most commonly adopted practices and successful method applied by the local authority to securing infrastructure...
Improving local authority’s (LAs) responsibility in infrastructure provision is significant if lo... more Improving local authority’s (LAs) responsibility in infrastructure provision is significant if local authorities wish to provide efficiency of public infrastructure and services to communities. The use of a appropriate procurement methods can effect project efficiency and success. Different procurement method will have different effect therefore it is very crucial to consider all factors in the selection of the most appropriate procurement strategy. This situation has forced local authorities to be more creative and innovative in their procurement strategy, and one of the method is to involve the private sector in infrastructure provision. Furthermore, local authorities in many countries have turned to PFI procurement strategies in delivering public infrastructure. However, this methods is still less considered in local authorities in Malaysia, even though the model was introduced in Malaysia since 2006 through Ninth Malaysia Planning. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to discuss ...
Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH)
Perumahan golongan berpendapatan rendah dibangunkan untuk memastikan setiap isi rumah mendapat ak... more Perumahan golongan berpendapatan rendah dibangunkan untuk memastikan setiap isi rumah mendapat akses kepada perumahan yang mencukupi, berkualiti dan mampu dimiliki. Namun, isu kemampuan golongan berpendapatan rendah mendapatkan akses perumahan masih sukar kerana golongan ini amat terdedah kepada pengaruh pasaran ekonomi semasa. Oleh itu, kajian ini menjelaskan bentuk intervensi polisi, intervensi polisi dari aspek pembiayaan perumahan di negara terpilih, intervensi polisi dalam penyediaan perumahan awam, dan intervensi polisi perumahan untuk golongan berpendapatan rendah di Malaysia. Isu kemampuan memerlukan kerangka nasional yang melibatkan kerjasama semua pihak bermula dari kerajaan pusat, negeri, pihak berkuasa tempatan berlandaskan koordinasi yang menyeluruh seiring objektif yang sama dari semua pihak selain isu kemampuan ini memerlukan masa panjang untuk ditangani. Polisi yang dibentuk seharusnya lebih fleksibel dan responsif untuk menangani keperluan dan kehendak segmen isi ru...
Penguasaan teknologi menjadi isu yang sering dibahaskan pada peringkat global. Keperluan untuk me... more Penguasaan teknologi menjadi isu yang sering dibahaskan pada peringkat global. Keperluan untuk menguasai teknologi sebagai agen perubahan terutama dalam sektor perkhidmatan awam menyebabkan perkara ini diberi perhatian. Oleh itu, kajian ini bertujuan untuk membincangkan kepentingan penguasaan teknologi dalam sektor perkhidmatan awam, cabaran dan kaedah meningkatkan penguasaan teknologi dan memanfaatkan Revolusi Perindustrian Keempat. Kajian ini berbentuk kajian literatur. Penguasaan teknologi sebagai agen perubahan menjadi dapatan penting yang seterusnya mencadangkan amalan budaya teknologi untuk menggalakkan inovasi dan perubahan holistik perkhidmatan awam
The urbanization causing the number of residents in the city increase turn out to be a global iss... more The urbanization causing the number of residents in the city increase turn out to be a global issue. It gives impact towards the quality of life of the residents as a whole. One of the component in the life quality index is about housing, thus it is important to re-evaluate the needs of providing housing to the residents in the city, especially for low income group in Kuala Lumpur. The public housing program namely Program Perumahan Rakyat (PPR) Dimiliki and PPR Bersepadu are among the programs that help the low income group to have their own homes in Kuala Lumpur. Besides giving access to accommodation, the program is able to enhance the life quality indicator of the town folks. Nevertheless, a proper effective and comprehensive planning and administrations of the housing is very much needed to handle the urbanization challenges to ensure sustainable development is achieved.
Local authorities are turning to the private sectors to achieve their objective of providing loca... more Local authorities are turning to the private sectors to achieve their objective of providing local infrastructures for effective management of the local areas. Private sector and local authority have good understanding of the fundamental concept of local infrastructure provision. Despite this understanding, there are still considerable lapses of what best practice and method to adopt in the provision of local infrastructure. This study therefore examined the role of private developers in local infrastructure and the practices used by local authorities for infrastructural procurement in Malaysia. 22 local authorities and 16 developers were selected through purposive sampling method, and data collected using questionnaires was analyzed using the descriptive analysis technique. The findings revealed that joint venture and complete public delivery systems; negotiations are the most commonly adopted practices and successful method applied by the local authority to securing infrastructure...
Sektor pelancongan merupakan salah satu sektor penyumbang utama kepada Keluaran Dalam Negara Kasa... more Sektor pelancongan merupakan salah satu sektor penyumbang utama kepada Keluaran Dalam Negara Kasar (KDNK) dengan menyumbangkan 11.6% kepada KNDK dunia. Ia menyediakan hampir 10.7% tenaga kerja dunia. Dijangkakan peningkatan sebanyak 13.9% (iaitu 92.9 juta) menjelang tahun 2000 bagi rantau Asia-Pasifik dan 195.2 juta pada 2010(WTO, World Tourism Organisation).Sektor pelancongan di kebanyakan negara telah menjadi sektor alternatif penting selepas perniagaan dan perdagangan kerana ia juga menjadi penggerak kebanyakan sektor hiliran. Pelbagai insentif dan strategi telah digubal untuk membangunkan sektor ini melalui pengenalpastian bentuk-bentuk produk yang berpotensi untuk dipelbagaikan sebagai produk pelancongan. Di Malaysia, tumpuan aktiviti pelancongan di negeri-negeri tertentu diketengahkan oleh beberapa produk utama yang menjadi daya tarikan, seperti; Produk berasaskan sumber alam semulajadi,Produk berasaskan kebudayaan dan adat setempat, Produk berasaskan kegiatan membeli-belah (p...
The Implementation of the Private Finance Initiative (PFI) has been considered as an alternative ... more The Implementation of the Private Finance Initiative (PFI) has been considered as an alternative to conventional procurement as it offers different financing mechanisms and management solutions to be considered. PFI has brought more advantages over traditional procurement systems in many countries at every level of government. At the local government level, PFI's revenue enables Local Authorities (LAs) to work with the private sector to provide public infrastructure and services more effectively and efficiently. In Malaysia, since its introduction in the Ninth Malaysia Plan in 2006, the PFI model has benefited the government as an alternative form of procurement, in particular to reduce government spending, and to provide more efficient public infrastructure and services. Apart from introducing the PFI method, PFI is said to be an efficient and effective model in the implementation of public procurement policy. However, LAs in Malaysia are very poorly using PFI as their procurem...
International Journal of Education, Psychology and Counseling, 2021
The Malaysian labour market traditionally experiencing a shortage of skilled human resources. Lab... more The Malaysian labour market traditionally experiencing a shortage of skilled human resources. Labour shortages in the country, especially in the technical fields have resulted in more foreign engineers were recruited in many areas, especially those that need technical ability. Because of the poor education and training system, the workforce is mostly made up of less-qualified workers. This has created critical skills gaps in almost all sectors of the Malaysian economy. TVET provides specific work to people by learning the principles of technology through extensive educational knowledge following a more specific skill training process.
Most governments in contemporary world are continuously intensifying efforts of creating conduciv... more Most governments in contemporary world are continuously intensifying efforts of creating conducive atmosphere and good governance mechanisms of ensuring quality service delivery. However, this has to do with the capacity and effectiveness of the bureaucracies for the fact that efficient bureaucracies are capable of recruiting qualified personnel with the requisite knowledge and expertise of delivering quality services. This research tests the relationship between bureaucratic capacity and educational support services and hypothesized a positive relationship. Using quantitative research approach, data was collected through administered questionnaires with a sample of 354 respondents and analyzed using PLS-SEM. The findings apart from supporting the hypothesis discovered that ineffective bureaucracies are the root cause of most of the problems faced in the education sector towards provision of quality educational support services. It is therefore, suggested that government should inte...
The construction industry plays an important role in establishing the required infrastructure for... more The construction industry plays an important role in establishing the required infrastructure for socioeconomic development while being a major contributor to ward overall economic growth.As the national economy grows, the construction industry needs to satisfy the expansion and changes in construction demand.To meet the challenges of global competition,the Malaysian construction industry will have to respond to changes in demands.Since the performance of the industry has great implication to the national economy, the construction industry should be promoted to a greater echelon.Therefore, Supply Chain Management (SCM) is a great opportunity for the construction industry primarily to reduce costs and time, thus improving industrial productivity.However, there are obstacles that include poor levels of logistical competence, partly limited competition, strong project focus as well as the attitudes and traditions surrounding the issue.In congruent with SCM principles and practices, the...
Journal for Studies in Management and Planning, 2017
Public housing is a vital essence of survival for the low income group in city. Although the publ... more Public housing is a vital essence of survival for the low income group in city. Although the public housing are technically been provided to enhance quality of life for the low income, there are still several flaws that should be improved. Thus, the socioeconomic factors of the public housing’s residences must be refined towards the enhancement of the public housing programmes as well as strengthen the residence affordability. A number of 400 head household are chosen as the respondents based on the stratified sampling technique according to public housing zones in Kuala Lumpur. The socioeconomic factors are defined which including the household income, household expenditures, type of employments, education levels, household size, monthly payment for housing and savings. A detailed socioeconomic factors would enable a long-term policy planning which involved the integration from vary ministry be well-organized towards the assurance of the low income group to sustain homeownership af...
Homeownership affordability is frequently debated widely at the global stage. It is human surviva... more Homeownership affordability is frequently debated widely at the global stage. It is human survival needs to make homeownership affordability is the issue that are given a special focus of many countries. The basics need of the homeownership is the affordability because without the affordability, how a person will be able to own a home. This showed that when there is no affordability there is no homeownership. Homeownership affordability is determined by various factors that vary for each individual. In fact, household is not only affects by one factor in determining the affordability. Socioeconomic factors are among the most important factors in determining the affordability of homeownership. Between the socioeconomic factors is the household income, household expenditures, types of employment, level of education, and financial savings. The scrutiny of the socioeconomic factors is important because rationally, the development of the homeownership affordability issues impact the imp...
Local Authorities (LAs) are now facing many challenges in conducting their business with rapid de... more Local Authorities (LAs) are now facing many challenges in conducting their business with rapid development in social, economic and political matters. The ability to deal with current problems and preparedness challenges is estimated to differ from one LA to another LAs. LAs with financial leadership, visionary, strategic planning and systematic action and strong community support will be better prepared for the challenges instead of becoming weak in financial administration and can effectively face problems in their area. LA is also facing challenges as a self-financing organization. Thus, LAs needs a sufficient income to support operational activities and provision of services to the public. However, limited finances are always a major barrier to LAs that are often discussed by many previous studies. Without adequate financial resources, it is difficult for LAs to fulfil their obligations as a service provider and facilitate socio-economic growth for its administrative area. Theref...
Homeownership affordability is not only the ability of households to pay the housing cost. But ho... more Homeownership affordability is not only the ability of households to pay the housing cost. But homeownership affordability is also involving the ability of households to pay housing costs as well as to maintain the basic needs in the continuity of life. Thus, affordability aspect is important in home ownership. Meanwhile, home ownership is the biggest decision for a household in a term. The combination of affordability and homeownership led to research on factors that affect the affordability of homeownership, especially in terms of socio-economic households inclusively. Socio-economic factors as discussed include income, household expenditures, job type, education level, number of dependents, monthly housing loan and financial savings. Each factor plays the role of its own to ensure the affordability level of homeownership. In fact, the factors that affect the homeownership affordability is different between households. Analysis of the socio-economic factors is necessary because ho...
The spread of infrastructure requirements and variety in mechanisms used to secure contributions ... more The spread of infrastructure requirements and variety in mechanisms used to secure contributions (infrastructure provision) from private sector was a reflection of the institutional framework in planning system.The study has identified that although both private and local authorities have a good understanding of the fundamental of concept of local infrastructure provision and the arguments for and against the use of private provision, there are still considerable areas of uncertainty surrounding the precise definition (as prescribed in the relevant legislations) and measurements of the key elements pertaining to local infrastructure.The findings revealed that the previous studies has tended to examine the nature of the practice of the infrastructure delivery within the framework of national economy and very little focus has been given to a comprehensive examination on how private developers can be involved in local infrastructure development.The primary problem is that there is no s...
International Review of Management and Marketing, 2016
Local authorities are turning to the private sectors to achieve their objective of providing loca... more Local authorities are turning to the private sectors to achieve their objective of providing local infrastructures for effective management of the local areas. Private sector and local authority have good understanding of the fundamental concept of local infrastructure provision. Despite this understanding, there are still considerable lapses of what best practice and method to adopt in the provision of local infrastructure. This study therefore examined the role of private developers in local infrastructure and the practices used by local authorities for infrastructural procurement in Malaysia. 22 local authorities and 16 developers were selected through purposive sampling method, and data collected using questionnaires was analysed using the descriptive analysis technique. The findings revealed that joint venture and complete public delivery systems; negotiations are the most commonly adopted practices and successful method applied by the local authority to securing infrastructure...
Improving local authority’s (LAs) responsibility in infrastructure provision is significant if lo... more Improving local authority’s (LAs) responsibility in infrastructure provision is significant if local authorities wish to provide efficiency of public infrastructure and services to communities. The use of a appropriate procurement methods can effect project efficiency and success. Different procurement method will have different effect therefore it is very crucial to consider all factors in the selection of the most appropriate procurement strategy. This situation has forced local authorities to be more creative and innovative in their procurement strategy, and one of the method is to involve the private sector in infrastructure provision. Furthermore, local authorities in many countries have turned to PFI procurement strategies in delivering public infrastructure. However, this methods is still less considered in local authorities in Malaysia, even though the model was introduced in Malaysia since 2006 through Ninth Malaysia Planning. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to discuss ...
Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH)
Perumahan golongan berpendapatan rendah dibangunkan untuk memastikan setiap isi rumah mendapat ak... more Perumahan golongan berpendapatan rendah dibangunkan untuk memastikan setiap isi rumah mendapat akses kepada perumahan yang mencukupi, berkualiti dan mampu dimiliki. Namun, isu kemampuan golongan berpendapatan rendah mendapatkan akses perumahan masih sukar kerana golongan ini amat terdedah kepada pengaruh pasaran ekonomi semasa. Oleh itu, kajian ini menjelaskan bentuk intervensi polisi, intervensi polisi dari aspek pembiayaan perumahan di negara terpilih, intervensi polisi dalam penyediaan perumahan awam, dan intervensi polisi perumahan untuk golongan berpendapatan rendah di Malaysia. Isu kemampuan memerlukan kerangka nasional yang melibatkan kerjasama semua pihak bermula dari kerajaan pusat, negeri, pihak berkuasa tempatan berlandaskan koordinasi yang menyeluruh seiring objektif yang sama dari semua pihak selain isu kemampuan ini memerlukan masa panjang untuk ditangani. Polisi yang dibentuk seharusnya lebih fleksibel dan responsif untuk menangani keperluan dan kehendak segmen isi ru...
Penguasaan teknologi menjadi isu yang sering dibahaskan pada peringkat global. Keperluan untuk me... more Penguasaan teknologi menjadi isu yang sering dibahaskan pada peringkat global. Keperluan untuk menguasai teknologi sebagai agen perubahan terutama dalam sektor perkhidmatan awam menyebabkan perkara ini diberi perhatian. Oleh itu, kajian ini bertujuan untuk membincangkan kepentingan penguasaan teknologi dalam sektor perkhidmatan awam, cabaran dan kaedah meningkatkan penguasaan teknologi dan memanfaatkan Revolusi Perindustrian Keempat. Kajian ini berbentuk kajian literatur. Penguasaan teknologi sebagai agen perubahan menjadi dapatan penting yang seterusnya mencadangkan amalan budaya teknologi untuk menggalakkan inovasi dan perubahan holistik perkhidmatan awam
The urbanization causing the number of residents in the city increase turn out to be a global iss... more The urbanization causing the number of residents in the city increase turn out to be a global issue. It gives impact towards the quality of life of the residents as a whole. One of the component in the life quality index is about housing, thus it is important to re-evaluate the needs of providing housing to the residents in the city, especially for low income group in Kuala Lumpur. The public housing program namely Program Perumahan Rakyat (PPR) Dimiliki and PPR Bersepadu are among the programs that help the low income group to have their own homes in Kuala Lumpur. Besides giving access to accommodation, the program is able to enhance the life quality indicator of the town folks. Nevertheless, a proper effective and comprehensive planning and administrations of the housing is very much needed to handle the urbanization challenges to ensure sustainable development is achieved.
Local authorities are turning to the private sectors to achieve their objective of providing loca... more Local authorities are turning to the private sectors to achieve their objective of providing local infrastructures for effective management of the local areas. Private sector and local authority have good understanding of the fundamental concept of local infrastructure provision. Despite this understanding, there are still considerable lapses of what best practice and method to adopt in the provision of local infrastructure. This study therefore examined the role of private developers in local infrastructure and the practices used by local authorities for infrastructural procurement in Malaysia. 22 local authorities and 16 developers were selected through purposive sampling method, and data collected using questionnaires was analyzed using the descriptive analysis technique. The findings revealed that joint venture and complete public delivery systems; negotiations are the most commonly adopted practices and successful method applied by the local authority to securing infrastructure...
Sektor pelancongan merupakan salah satu sektor penyumbang utama kepada Keluaran Dalam Negara Kasa... more Sektor pelancongan merupakan salah satu sektor penyumbang utama kepada Keluaran Dalam Negara Kasar (KDNK) dengan menyumbangkan 11.6% kepada KNDK dunia. Ia menyediakan hampir 10.7% tenaga kerja dunia. Dijangkakan peningkatan sebanyak 13.9% (iaitu 92.9 juta) menjelang tahun 2000 bagi rantau Asia-Pasifik dan 195.2 juta pada 2010(WTO, World Tourism Organisation).Sektor pelancongan di kebanyakan negara telah menjadi sektor alternatif penting selepas perniagaan dan perdagangan kerana ia juga menjadi penggerak kebanyakan sektor hiliran. Pelbagai insentif dan strategi telah digubal untuk membangunkan sektor ini melalui pengenalpastian bentuk-bentuk produk yang berpotensi untuk dipelbagaikan sebagai produk pelancongan. Di Malaysia, tumpuan aktiviti pelancongan di negeri-negeri tertentu diketengahkan oleh beberapa produk utama yang menjadi daya tarikan, seperti; Produk berasaskan sumber alam semulajadi,Produk berasaskan kebudayaan dan adat setempat, Produk berasaskan kegiatan membeli-belah (p...
The Implementation of the Private Finance Initiative (PFI) has been considered as an alternative ... more The Implementation of the Private Finance Initiative (PFI) has been considered as an alternative to conventional procurement as it offers different financing mechanisms and management solutions to be considered. PFI has brought more advantages over traditional procurement systems in many countries at every level of government. At the local government level, PFI's revenue enables Local Authorities (LAs) to work with the private sector to provide public infrastructure and services more effectively and efficiently. In Malaysia, since its introduction in the Ninth Malaysia Plan in 2006, the PFI model has benefited the government as an alternative form of procurement, in particular to reduce government spending, and to provide more efficient public infrastructure and services. Apart from introducing the PFI method, PFI is said to be an efficient and effective model in the implementation of public procurement policy. However, LAs in Malaysia are very poorly using PFI as their procurem...
International Journal of Education, Psychology and Counseling, 2021
The Malaysian labour market traditionally experiencing a shortage of skilled human resources. Lab... more The Malaysian labour market traditionally experiencing a shortage of skilled human resources. Labour shortages in the country, especially in the technical fields have resulted in more foreign engineers were recruited in many areas, especially those that need technical ability. Because of the poor education and training system, the workforce is mostly made up of less-qualified workers. This has created critical skills gaps in almost all sectors of the Malaysian economy. TVET provides specific work to people by learning the principles of technology through extensive educational knowledge following a more specific skill training process.
Most governments in contemporary world are continuously intensifying efforts of creating conduciv... more Most governments in contemporary world are continuously intensifying efforts of creating conducive atmosphere and good governance mechanisms of ensuring quality service delivery. However, this has to do with the capacity and effectiveness of the bureaucracies for the fact that efficient bureaucracies are capable of recruiting qualified personnel with the requisite knowledge and expertise of delivering quality services. This research tests the relationship between bureaucratic capacity and educational support services and hypothesized a positive relationship. Using quantitative research approach, data was collected through administered questionnaires with a sample of 354 respondents and analyzed using PLS-SEM. The findings apart from supporting the hypothesis discovered that ineffective bureaucracies are the root cause of most of the problems faced in the education sector towards provision of quality educational support services. It is therefore, suggested that government should inte...
The construction industry plays an important role in establishing the required infrastructure for... more The construction industry plays an important role in establishing the required infrastructure for socioeconomic development while being a major contributor to ward overall economic growth.As the national economy grows, the construction industry needs to satisfy the expansion and changes in construction demand.To meet the challenges of global competition,the Malaysian construction industry will have to respond to changes in demands.Since the performance of the industry has great implication to the national economy, the construction industry should be promoted to a greater echelon.Therefore, Supply Chain Management (SCM) is a great opportunity for the construction industry primarily to reduce costs and time, thus improving industrial productivity.However, there are obstacles that include poor levels of logistical competence, partly limited competition, strong project focus as well as the attitudes and traditions surrounding the issue.In congruent with SCM principles and practices, the...
Journal for Studies in Management and Planning, 2017
Public housing is a vital essence of survival for the low income group in city. Although the publ... more Public housing is a vital essence of survival for the low income group in city. Although the public housing are technically been provided to enhance quality of life for the low income, there are still several flaws that should be improved. Thus, the socioeconomic factors of the public housing’s residences must be refined towards the enhancement of the public housing programmes as well as strengthen the residence affordability. A number of 400 head household are chosen as the respondents based on the stratified sampling technique according to public housing zones in Kuala Lumpur. The socioeconomic factors are defined which including the household income, household expenditures, type of employments, education levels, household size, monthly payment for housing and savings. A detailed socioeconomic factors would enable a long-term policy planning which involved the integration from vary ministry be well-organized towards the assurance of the low income group to sustain homeownership af...
Homeownership affordability is frequently debated widely at the global stage. It is human surviva... more Homeownership affordability is frequently debated widely at the global stage. It is human survival needs to make homeownership affordability is the issue that are given a special focus of many countries. The basics need of the homeownership is the affordability because without the affordability, how a person will be able to own a home. This showed that when there is no affordability there is no homeownership. Homeownership affordability is determined by various factors that vary for each individual. In fact, household is not only affects by one factor in determining the affordability. Socioeconomic factors are among the most important factors in determining the affordability of homeownership. Between the socioeconomic factors is the household income, household expenditures, types of employment, level of education, and financial savings. The scrutiny of the socioeconomic factors is important because rationally, the development of the homeownership affordability issues impact the imp...
Local Authorities (LAs) are now facing many challenges in conducting their business with rapid de... more Local Authorities (LAs) are now facing many challenges in conducting their business with rapid development in social, economic and political matters. The ability to deal with current problems and preparedness challenges is estimated to differ from one LA to another LAs. LAs with financial leadership, visionary, strategic planning and systematic action and strong community support will be better prepared for the challenges instead of becoming weak in financial administration and can effectively face problems in their area. LA is also facing challenges as a self-financing organization. Thus, LAs needs a sufficient income to support operational activities and provision of services to the public. However, limited finances are always a major barrier to LAs that are often discussed by many previous studies. Without adequate financial resources, it is difficult for LAs to fulfil their obligations as a service provider and facilitate socio-economic growth for its administrative area. Theref...
Homeownership affordability is not only the ability of households to pay the housing cost. But ho... more Homeownership affordability is not only the ability of households to pay the housing cost. But homeownership affordability is also involving the ability of households to pay housing costs as well as to maintain the basic needs in the continuity of life. Thus, affordability aspect is important in home ownership. Meanwhile, home ownership is the biggest decision for a household in a term. The combination of affordability and homeownership led to research on factors that affect the affordability of homeownership, especially in terms of socio-economic households inclusively. Socio-economic factors as discussed include income, household expenditures, job type, education level, number of dependents, monthly housing loan and financial savings. Each factor plays the role of its own to ensure the affordability level of homeownership. In fact, the factors that affect the homeownership affordability is different between households. Analysis of the socio-economic factors is necessary because ho...
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