Drafts by Angela W Harper
Abstract
Opioids, both prescription and illicit, are responsible for an estimated 115 American d... more Abstract
Opioids, both prescription and illicit, are responsible for an estimated 115 American deaths every day, that is roughly one death every 13 minutes. The most recent total economic burden in 2015
is determined to be $504 billion. Over 85% of the estimated burden is attributed to fatalities and cost of healthcare. The government and government organizations such as the Centers for
Disease Control (CDC) have intervened by establishing physician oversight resources, raising awareness, and outlining opioid prescribing practices that have stabilized opioid prescribing.
Also signed into law, is the first major federal addiction legislation in over 40 years. Despite these interventions, as the national prescribing rates decline, abuse of illicit opioids and overdose deaths from all opioids are increasing (Hagemeier, 2018). The continuing rise in abuse and deaths points to the realization that there are gaps in knowledge associated with the underlying factors motivating and driving the epidemic that is likely multidimensional and dynamic.
Knowledge gaps may be filled by recognizing that the opioid crisis is not isolated to the United
States, the opioid crisis has impacted our world globally. A better understanding of the opioid epidemic in the U.S. and the development of new methods of intervention may be found through the global analysis of trends, issues, solutions, and outcomes. The dynamic, multidimensional nature of the opioid crisis and new research indicating the continuous rise in deaths and overdoses considering evidence pointing to reduced prescribing, is troubling. There is a need to
evaluate the existing knowledge available surrounding the opioid epidemic in the United States
(U.S.) and identify gaps in the current knowledge base. The scope and breadth of the factors impacting the opioid crisis contribute to research that is sparse and insufficient. The purpose of this scoping review is to analyze and map the currently available research literature, grey literature, narratives, and expert opinions to begin building a more thorough understanding of the overall effectiveness of policy interventions on overdoses and deaths. As the nation moves forward, it is essential to analyze the effects and outcomes of the current interventions to evaluate the impact and examine behavior changes that may contradict the intended goals and objectives. Identifying behavior changes and determining drivers of those changes can provide valuable information needed to discover a healthy balance between oversight and controls.
Additionally, understanding behavior change will likely improve the accuracy of future predictive research models. Results of this of the research will available once the data analysis has been completed.
Keywords: opioid epidemic, drug abuse, prescribing laws, opioid-related deaths and overdoses
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Drafts by Angela W Harper
Opioids, both prescription and illicit, are responsible for an estimated 115 American deaths every day, that is roughly one death every 13 minutes. The most recent total economic burden in 2015
is determined to be $504 billion. Over 85% of the estimated burden is attributed to fatalities and cost of healthcare. The government and government organizations such as the Centers for
Disease Control (CDC) have intervened by establishing physician oversight resources, raising awareness, and outlining opioid prescribing practices that have stabilized opioid prescribing.
Also signed into law, is the first major federal addiction legislation in over 40 years. Despite these interventions, as the national prescribing rates decline, abuse of illicit opioids and overdose deaths from all opioids are increasing (Hagemeier, 2018). The continuing rise in abuse and deaths points to the realization that there are gaps in knowledge associated with the underlying factors motivating and driving the epidemic that is likely multidimensional and dynamic.
Knowledge gaps may be filled by recognizing that the opioid crisis is not isolated to the United
States, the opioid crisis has impacted our world globally. A better understanding of the opioid epidemic in the U.S. and the development of new methods of intervention may be found through the global analysis of trends, issues, solutions, and outcomes. The dynamic, multidimensional nature of the opioid crisis and new research indicating the continuous rise in deaths and overdoses considering evidence pointing to reduced prescribing, is troubling. There is a need to
evaluate the existing knowledge available surrounding the opioid epidemic in the United States
(U.S.) and identify gaps in the current knowledge base. The scope and breadth of the factors impacting the opioid crisis contribute to research that is sparse and insufficient. The purpose of this scoping review is to analyze and map the currently available research literature, grey literature, narratives, and expert opinions to begin building a more thorough understanding of the overall effectiveness of policy interventions on overdoses and deaths. As the nation moves forward, it is essential to analyze the effects and outcomes of the current interventions to evaluate the impact and examine behavior changes that may contradict the intended goals and objectives. Identifying behavior changes and determining drivers of those changes can provide valuable information needed to discover a healthy balance between oversight and controls.
Additionally, understanding behavior change will likely improve the accuracy of future predictive research models. Results of this of the research will available once the data analysis has been completed.
Keywords: opioid epidemic, drug abuse, prescribing laws, opioid-related deaths and overdoses
Opioids, both prescription and illicit, are responsible for an estimated 115 American deaths every day, that is roughly one death every 13 minutes. The most recent total economic burden in 2015
is determined to be $504 billion. Over 85% of the estimated burden is attributed to fatalities and cost of healthcare. The government and government organizations such as the Centers for
Disease Control (CDC) have intervened by establishing physician oversight resources, raising awareness, and outlining opioid prescribing practices that have stabilized opioid prescribing.
Also signed into law, is the first major federal addiction legislation in over 40 years. Despite these interventions, as the national prescribing rates decline, abuse of illicit opioids and overdose deaths from all opioids are increasing (Hagemeier, 2018). The continuing rise in abuse and deaths points to the realization that there are gaps in knowledge associated with the underlying factors motivating and driving the epidemic that is likely multidimensional and dynamic.
Knowledge gaps may be filled by recognizing that the opioid crisis is not isolated to the United
States, the opioid crisis has impacted our world globally. A better understanding of the opioid epidemic in the U.S. and the development of new methods of intervention may be found through the global analysis of trends, issues, solutions, and outcomes. The dynamic, multidimensional nature of the opioid crisis and new research indicating the continuous rise in deaths and overdoses considering evidence pointing to reduced prescribing, is troubling. There is a need to
evaluate the existing knowledge available surrounding the opioid epidemic in the United States
(U.S.) and identify gaps in the current knowledge base. The scope and breadth of the factors impacting the opioid crisis contribute to research that is sparse and insufficient. The purpose of this scoping review is to analyze and map the currently available research literature, grey literature, narratives, and expert opinions to begin building a more thorough understanding of the overall effectiveness of policy interventions on overdoses and deaths. As the nation moves forward, it is essential to analyze the effects and outcomes of the current interventions to evaluate the impact and examine behavior changes that may contradict the intended goals and objectives. Identifying behavior changes and determining drivers of those changes can provide valuable information needed to discover a healthy balance between oversight and controls.
Additionally, understanding behavior change will likely improve the accuracy of future predictive research models. Results of this of the research will available once the data analysis has been completed.
Keywords: opioid epidemic, drug abuse, prescribing laws, opioid-related deaths and overdoses