Although there have been many studies which have looked at the impact of gender representation at... more Although there have been many studies which have looked at the impact of gender representation at the national level, there are relatively few which explore the sub-national level. In this article we provide an exploration of the patterns of representation of women within democratic countries, both developed and transitional that have elected regional, state, cantonal, or provincial legislatures which occupy the middle ground between the central government and local or municipal administration. We provide a systematic comparative analysis of women’s access to and representation in such bodies. The focus is on a cross-national comparison of gender representation at the meso level and the gap in representation between meso and national legislatures. The impact of electoral system type, party magnitude, economic development, constitutional structure, and institutionalization of democratic structures are examined. The data on which this analysis is based are drawn from 536 meso legislat...
In most cases, the assumption that wealthy countries tend to have better education systems than p... more In most cases, the assumption that wealthy countries tend to have better education systems than poorer countries is correct. However, the association between national wealth and educational achievement scores is far from perfect. The United States, for example, ranks near the top of Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries in GDP per capita, but it typically ranks closer to the middle of the pack in academic assessments. Studies have shown that factors other than the wealth of a country also matter for educational attainment; for instance, the degree to which the state prioritizes education and the level of the country's income inequality both have significant effects on education. Our report, on the other hand, illustrates the educational advantage bestowed by access to computers. The evidence indicates that the level of computer propagation in a country is strongly associated with its students' scores on the Programme for International Student...
Although there have been many studies which have looked at the impact of gender representation at... more Although there have been many studies which have looked at the impact of gender representation at the national level, there are relatively few which explore the sub-national level. In this article we provide an exploration of the patterns of representation of women within democratic countries, both developed and transitional that have elected regional, state, cantonal, or provincial legislatures which occupy the middle ground between the central government and local or municipal administration. We provide a systematic comparative analysis of women’s access to and representation in such bodies. The focus is on a cross-national comparison of gender representation at the meso level and the gap in representation between meso and national legislatures. The impact of electoral system type, party magnitude, economic development, constitutional structure, and institutionalization of democratic structures are examined. The data on which this analysis is based are drawn from 536 meso legislat...
In most cases, the assumption that wealthy countries tend to have better education systems than p... more In most cases, the assumption that wealthy countries tend to have better education systems than poorer countries is correct. However, the association between national wealth and educational achievement scores is far from perfect. The United States, for example, ranks near the top of Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries in GDP per capita, but it typically ranks closer to the middle of the pack in academic assessments. Studies have shown that factors other than the wealth of a country also matter for educational attainment; for instance, the degree to which the state prioritizes education and the level of the country's income inequality both have significant effects on education. Our report, on the other hand, illustrates the educational advantage bestowed by access to computers. The evidence indicates that the level of computer propagation in a country is strongly associated with its students' scores on the Programme for International Student...
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