Key messages: 30% of enset crops were affected by EXW and 60% of respondents were able to ident... more Key messages: 30% of enset crops were affected by EXW and 60% of respondents were able to identify the symptoms of the disease. 42% of farmers erroneously believed the disease was caused by the wind. While farmers correctly identified contaminated farm tools as a major source of EXW transmission, none had taken measures to prevent transmission. They expect chemicals would prevent the disease transmission. A systematic operational approach to EXW management should be adopted, including training on production and handling practices.
International ISHS-ProMusa Symposium on Bananas and Plantains: Towards Sustainable Global Production and Improved Use, 2013
ABSTRACT Banana planting materials, healthy and diseased, are constantly moved between farms, vil... more ABSTRACT Banana planting materials, healthy and diseased, are constantly moved between farms, villages, and ecological zones, and across political borders within Africa. Knowledge of the geographical distribution of pests and diseases is important for the implementation and strengthening of quarantine and other phytosanitary measures to prevent further within-country or trans-border spread. This review examines some of these issues. Within sub-Saharan Africa, key indigenous plant-parasitic nematodes attacking banana and plantain are Helicotylenchus multicinctus, Hoplolaimus pararobustus, and various species of Meloidogyne (root-knot nematodes) and Pratylenchus (lesion nematodes). Xanthomonas wilt of banana and enset (caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum), an indigenous African disease, originated in Ethiopia and since 2001, has steadily spread across East and Central Africa but has so far not been found outside the African continent.
Banana Black Sigatoka (BBS) is the most threatening and production-limiting factor for banana wor... more Banana Black Sigatoka (BBS) is the most threatening and production-limiting factor for banana worldwide. A total of 330 banana fields were assessed from two districts in southern Ethiopia during 2020 and 2021 to determine the distribution and association of BBS severity with agronomic practices and environmental factors. Meteorological variables were obtained from the nearby meteorological stations. The results showed that BBS was prevalent across surveyed areas, with varying degrees of severity. Higher BBS severity was recorded in Mihirab Abaya (66.82 ± 1.47%) than Arba Minch (58.03 ± 1.39%) district. The logistic regression model was used to explain the association of disease severity with independent variables. District, year, time of assessment, moisture source, source of plant material, banana cultivar, growth stage, cropping pattern, nutrient, sucker and disease management, weed infestation, and other agronomic practices were significantly (P < 0.05 to 0.001) associated with BBS severity of > 50% in the multiple-variable model. Lower (≤ 50%) disease severity was strongly associated with Pisang Sri cultivar, vegetative stage, ≤ 5 years of plantation, row planting, mixed cropping, low plant density and weed infestation, and good nutrient (KCl at ≤ 385 kg ha-1), sucker (≤ 5 plants spot-1), disease and other agronomic managements than other class variables. Moreover, high precipitation and humidity, low temperature, rain-wash, and water splash were also identified as the most important driving forces for BBS infection and establishment. Thus, cultivar resistance, mixed cropping, row planting, optimal plant density, good nutrient, sucker and weed management, complete earthing up, and better irrigation and drainage practices should be considered as management options.
Key messages: 30% of enset crops were affected by EXW and 60% of respondents were able to ident... more Key messages: 30% of enset crops were affected by EXW and 60% of respondents were able to identify the symptoms of the disease. 42% of farmers erroneously believed the disease was caused by the wind. While farmers correctly identified contaminated farm tools as a major source of EXW transmission, none had taken measures to prevent transmission. They expect chemicals would prevent the disease transmission. A systematic operational approach to EXW management should be adopted, including training on production and handling practices.
International ISHS-ProMusa Symposium on Bananas and Plantains: Towards Sustainable Global Production and Improved Use, 2013
ABSTRACT Banana planting materials, healthy and diseased, are constantly moved between farms, vil... more ABSTRACT Banana planting materials, healthy and diseased, are constantly moved between farms, villages, and ecological zones, and across political borders within Africa. Knowledge of the geographical distribution of pests and diseases is important for the implementation and strengthening of quarantine and other phytosanitary measures to prevent further within-country or trans-border spread. This review examines some of these issues. Within sub-Saharan Africa, key indigenous plant-parasitic nematodes attacking banana and plantain are Helicotylenchus multicinctus, Hoplolaimus pararobustus, and various species of Meloidogyne (root-knot nematodes) and Pratylenchus (lesion nematodes). Xanthomonas wilt of banana and enset (caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum), an indigenous African disease, originated in Ethiopia and since 2001, has steadily spread across East and Central Africa but has so far not been found outside the African continent.
Banana Black Sigatoka (BBS) is the most threatening and production-limiting factor for banana wor... more Banana Black Sigatoka (BBS) is the most threatening and production-limiting factor for banana worldwide. A total of 330 banana fields were assessed from two districts in southern Ethiopia during 2020 and 2021 to determine the distribution and association of BBS severity with agronomic practices and environmental factors. Meteorological variables were obtained from the nearby meteorological stations. The results showed that BBS was prevalent across surveyed areas, with varying degrees of severity. Higher BBS severity was recorded in Mihirab Abaya (66.82 ± 1.47%) than Arba Minch (58.03 ± 1.39%) district. The logistic regression model was used to explain the association of disease severity with independent variables. District, year, time of assessment, moisture source, source of plant material, banana cultivar, growth stage, cropping pattern, nutrient, sucker and disease management, weed infestation, and other agronomic practices were significantly (P < 0.05 to 0.001) associated with BBS severity of > 50% in the multiple-variable model. Lower (≤ 50%) disease severity was strongly associated with Pisang Sri cultivar, vegetative stage, ≤ 5 years of plantation, row planting, mixed cropping, low plant density and weed infestation, and good nutrient (KCl at ≤ 385 kg ha-1), sucker (≤ 5 plants spot-1), disease and other agronomic managements than other class variables. Moreover, high precipitation and humidity, low temperature, rain-wash, and water splash were also identified as the most important driving forces for BBS infection and establishment. Thus, cultivar resistance, mixed cropping, row planting, optimal plant density, good nutrient, sucker and weed management, complete earthing up, and better irrigation and drainage practices should be considered as management options.
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