Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, Mar 19, 2021
Diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) is one of the most used moieties in D–A conjugated polymers for high-p... more Diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) is one of the most used moieties in D–A conjugated polymers for high-performance π-extended conjugated polymer-based organic solar cells. The combination of 1,4-diketo-3,6-dithienylpyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrroles (DTDPPs) and the donor moieties 10-(4-((2-ethylhexyl)oxy)phenyl)-10H-phenothiazine (M1), 10-(4-((2-ethylhexyl)oxy)phenyl)-10H-phenoxazine (M2), has not been reported yet. In this report, novel low-bandgap D–A conjugated polymer derivatives including DTDPP, phenothiazine and phenoxazine were successfully synthesized via direct (hetero) arylation polymerization with in the yields of 40.94–60.77%. The obtained D–A conjugated polymers named poly(3,6-Di(2-thienyl)pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4-dione)-alt-(10-(4-((2-ethylhexyl)oxy) phenyl)-10H-phenothiazine) (P1) and poly(3,6-Di(2-thienyl)pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4-dione)-alt-(10-(4-((2-ethylhexyl)oxy) phenyl)-10H-phenoxazine) (P2) exhibited a wide range of absorption spectrum in visible light region and have a low bandgaps of 1.4–1.5 eV, as well as thermal stabilities, these D–A conjugated polymers are very promising as activated polymeric materials for organic solar cells (OSCs).
In this research, three organic photocatalysts, 4-(4H-dithieno[3,2-b:2′,3′-d]pyrrol-4-yl)-N,N-dip... more In this research, three organic photocatalysts, 4-(4H-dithieno[3,2-b:2′,3′-d]pyrrol-4-yl)-N,N-diphenylaniline, 4-(pyren-1-yl)-4H-dithieno[3,2-b:2′,3′-d]pyrrole and 4-(6b,10-dihydroperylen-3-yl)-4H-dithieno[3,2-b:2′,3′-d]pyrrole have been successfully synthesized through C-N coupling reactions. The chemical structures and the optical properties of the obtained organic photocatalysts have been characterized via1H NMR, 13C NMR, elemental analysis, and UV-Vis spectroscopy. Next, these dithieno[3,2-b:2′,3′-d]pyrrole-based photocatalysts have been used for the polymerization of methyl methacrylate, 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate and tert-butyl methacrylate monomers under 365 nm UV irradiation, resulting in (meth)acrylate polymers with controlled molecular weights and low polydispersity indexes.
ABSTRACT Non-expanded adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are commonly used in preclinical ... more ABSTRACT Non-expanded adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are commonly used in preclinical and clinical articular cartilage injury treatment; however, there are usually insufficient non-expanded ADSCs for transplantation. This research aims to evaluate the safety and efficacy of expanded ADSC transplantation in a mouse model. The stromal vascular fraction from abdominal adipose tissue was subcultured for ten passages to enrich for and expand the number of ADSCs. The safety of expanded ADSCs was assessed by evaluating their “stemness” via ADSC-specific marker expression, the expression of two tumorigenesis-related genes (Oct-3/4 and Nanog) using real-time RT-PCR, and in vivo tumor formation in NOD/SCID mice. ADSC efficacy was determined by assessing their chondrocytic differentiative potential in vitro in cartilage-inducing medium as well as in vivo via injection into a NOD/SCID mice joint failure model. The results showed that expanded ADSCs were negative for Oct-3/4 and Nanog and did not induce tumor formation in mice. Furthermore, ADSCs differentiated into chondrocytes, both in vitro and in vivo, and enhanced the regeneration of articular cartilage in NOD/SCID mice as compared with the control. These results confirm that expanded ADSCs are safe and effective for the treatment of injured articular cartilage and offer a promising therapy for degenerative cartilaginous diseases.
Liver cirrhosis is characterized by inflammation and necrosis induced by Kupffer cells and the ac... more Liver cirrhosis is characterized by inflammation and necrosis induced by Kupffer cells and the activation of hepatic satellite cells. In recent years, stem cell therapy has become a promising therapy for treatment. Some in vitro studies and in vivo preclinical trials have demonstrated that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) may improve liver cirrhosis by different mechanisms. Differentiation potential and immune modulation of MSCs are important considerations of MSC transplantation and can affect liver function improvement after transplantation. This chapter will summarize and discuss the latest MSC transplantations for liver cirrhosis treatment and some mechanisms by which MSCs exert their bioeffects on the disease.
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are a novel source of stem cells with great potential for ... more Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are a novel source of stem cells with great potential for therapeutic applications. By transfection of pluripotent genes, iPSCs can be obtained from almost all adult somatic cells. This technique allows for easy production of large amounts of iPSCs for autografts or allografts. However, to use these cells in the clinic, iPSCs must be produced in a Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP)-compliant manner that minimizes tumor risk at the lowest level. To satisfy clinical standards, iPSC production has been improved in three critical areas: (1) the development of virus-free gene delivery systems to reduce the tumorigenesis activation in iPSCs, (2) obtaining donor cells by less invasive methods, and (3) removing animal components in the culture system. With these improvements, iPSCs are suitable for clinical applications in disease treatment. In this review, we discuss the current technologies for methods of generation and clinical application of human iPSCs.
Fibrin gel is appropriate for maintaining quiescence characteristics in primary culture of mouse ... more Fibrin gel is appropriate for maintaining quiescence characteristics in primary culture of mouse hepatic stellate cells. Embedded culture of hepatic stellate cells in fibrin gel simulates in vivo cell morphology. Stiffness and adhesion molecules of fibrin gel play a crucial role in the hepatic stellate cell’s primary culture.
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a global health challenge, representing the third leading ... more Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a global health challenge, representing the third leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Although therapeutic advances have been made in the few last years, the prognosis remains poor. Thus, there is a dire need to develop novel therapeutic strategies. In this regard, two approaches can be considered: (1) the identification of tumor-targeted delivery systems and (2) the targeting of molecule(s) whose aberrant expression is confined to tumor cells. In this work, we focused on the second approach. Among the different kinds of possible target molecules, we discuss the potential therapeutic value of targeting non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), which include micro interfering RNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs). These molecules represent the most significant RNA transcripts in cells and can regulate many HCC features, including proliferation, apoptosis, invasion and metastasis. In the first part of the review, the ma...
Hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation via the autophagy pathway is a critical factor in liver fi... more Hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation via the autophagy pathway is a critical factor in liver fibrogenesis. This study tests the hypothesis that chloroquine (CQ) treatment can prevent autophagy and HSC activation in vitro and in vivo in bile-duct-ligated (BDL) mice. Sham-operated and BDL mice were treated with either PBS or CQ in two 60 mg/kg doses the day (D) before and after surgery. On day 2 (2D), HSCs were isolated, and their biological activities were evaluated by measuring intracellular lipid content, α-sma/collagen, and expression of autophagy lc3, sqstm1/p62 markers. The treatment efficacy on liver function was evaluated with serum albumin, transaminases (AST/ALT), and hepatic histology. Primary HSCs were treated in vitro for 24 h with CQ at 0, 2.5, 5, 10, 30, and 50 µM. Autophagy and HSC activation were assessed after 2D of treatment. CQ treatment improved serum AST/ALT, albumin, and bile duct proliferation in 2D BDL mice. This is associated with a suppression of HSC activ...
Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, Mar 19, 2021
Diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) is one of the most used moieties in D–A conjugated polymers for high-p... more Diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) is one of the most used moieties in D–A conjugated polymers for high-performance π-extended conjugated polymer-based organic solar cells. The combination of 1,4-diketo-3,6-dithienylpyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrroles (DTDPPs) and the donor moieties 10-(4-((2-ethylhexyl)oxy)phenyl)-10H-phenothiazine (M1), 10-(4-((2-ethylhexyl)oxy)phenyl)-10H-phenoxazine (M2), has not been reported yet. In this report, novel low-bandgap D–A conjugated polymer derivatives including DTDPP, phenothiazine and phenoxazine were successfully synthesized via direct (hetero) arylation polymerization with in the yields of 40.94–60.77%. The obtained D–A conjugated polymers named poly(3,6-Di(2-thienyl)pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4-dione)-alt-(10-(4-((2-ethylhexyl)oxy) phenyl)-10H-phenothiazine) (P1) and poly(3,6-Di(2-thienyl)pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4-dione)-alt-(10-(4-((2-ethylhexyl)oxy) phenyl)-10H-phenoxazine) (P2) exhibited a wide range of absorption spectrum in visible light region and have a low bandgaps of 1.4–1.5 eV, as well as thermal stabilities, these D–A conjugated polymers are very promising as activated polymeric materials for organic solar cells (OSCs).
In this research, three organic photocatalysts, 4-(4H-dithieno[3,2-b:2′,3′-d]pyrrol-4-yl)-N,N-dip... more In this research, three organic photocatalysts, 4-(4H-dithieno[3,2-b:2′,3′-d]pyrrol-4-yl)-N,N-diphenylaniline, 4-(pyren-1-yl)-4H-dithieno[3,2-b:2′,3′-d]pyrrole and 4-(6b,10-dihydroperylen-3-yl)-4H-dithieno[3,2-b:2′,3′-d]pyrrole have been successfully synthesized through C-N coupling reactions. The chemical structures and the optical properties of the obtained organic photocatalysts have been characterized via1H NMR, 13C NMR, elemental analysis, and UV-Vis spectroscopy. Next, these dithieno[3,2-b:2′,3′-d]pyrrole-based photocatalysts have been used for the polymerization of methyl methacrylate, 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate and tert-butyl methacrylate monomers under 365 nm UV irradiation, resulting in (meth)acrylate polymers with controlled molecular weights and low polydispersity indexes.
ABSTRACT Non-expanded adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are commonly used in preclinical ... more ABSTRACT Non-expanded adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are commonly used in preclinical and clinical articular cartilage injury treatment; however, there are usually insufficient non-expanded ADSCs for transplantation. This research aims to evaluate the safety and efficacy of expanded ADSC transplantation in a mouse model. The stromal vascular fraction from abdominal adipose tissue was subcultured for ten passages to enrich for and expand the number of ADSCs. The safety of expanded ADSCs was assessed by evaluating their “stemness” via ADSC-specific marker expression, the expression of two tumorigenesis-related genes (Oct-3/4 and Nanog) using real-time RT-PCR, and in vivo tumor formation in NOD/SCID mice. ADSC efficacy was determined by assessing their chondrocytic differentiative potential in vitro in cartilage-inducing medium as well as in vivo via injection into a NOD/SCID mice joint failure model. The results showed that expanded ADSCs were negative for Oct-3/4 and Nanog and did not induce tumor formation in mice. Furthermore, ADSCs differentiated into chondrocytes, both in vitro and in vivo, and enhanced the regeneration of articular cartilage in NOD/SCID mice as compared with the control. These results confirm that expanded ADSCs are safe and effective for the treatment of injured articular cartilage and offer a promising therapy for degenerative cartilaginous diseases.
Liver cirrhosis is characterized by inflammation and necrosis induced by Kupffer cells and the ac... more Liver cirrhosis is characterized by inflammation and necrosis induced by Kupffer cells and the activation of hepatic satellite cells. In recent years, stem cell therapy has become a promising therapy for treatment. Some in vitro studies and in vivo preclinical trials have demonstrated that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) may improve liver cirrhosis by different mechanisms. Differentiation potential and immune modulation of MSCs are important considerations of MSC transplantation and can affect liver function improvement after transplantation. This chapter will summarize and discuss the latest MSC transplantations for liver cirrhosis treatment and some mechanisms by which MSCs exert their bioeffects on the disease.
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are a novel source of stem cells with great potential for ... more Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are a novel source of stem cells with great potential for therapeutic applications. By transfection of pluripotent genes, iPSCs can be obtained from almost all adult somatic cells. This technique allows for easy production of large amounts of iPSCs for autografts or allografts. However, to use these cells in the clinic, iPSCs must be produced in a Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP)-compliant manner that minimizes tumor risk at the lowest level. To satisfy clinical standards, iPSC production has been improved in three critical areas: (1) the development of virus-free gene delivery systems to reduce the tumorigenesis activation in iPSCs, (2) obtaining donor cells by less invasive methods, and (3) removing animal components in the culture system. With these improvements, iPSCs are suitable for clinical applications in disease treatment. In this review, we discuss the current technologies for methods of generation and clinical application of human iPSCs.
Fibrin gel is appropriate for maintaining quiescence characteristics in primary culture of mouse ... more Fibrin gel is appropriate for maintaining quiescence characteristics in primary culture of mouse hepatic stellate cells. Embedded culture of hepatic stellate cells in fibrin gel simulates in vivo cell morphology. Stiffness and adhesion molecules of fibrin gel play a crucial role in the hepatic stellate cell’s primary culture.
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a global health challenge, representing the third leading ... more Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a global health challenge, representing the third leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Although therapeutic advances have been made in the few last years, the prognosis remains poor. Thus, there is a dire need to develop novel therapeutic strategies. In this regard, two approaches can be considered: (1) the identification of tumor-targeted delivery systems and (2) the targeting of molecule(s) whose aberrant expression is confined to tumor cells. In this work, we focused on the second approach. Among the different kinds of possible target molecules, we discuss the potential therapeutic value of targeting non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), which include micro interfering RNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs). These molecules represent the most significant RNA transcripts in cells and can regulate many HCC features, including proliferation, apoptosis, invasion and metastasis. In the first part of the review, the ma...
Hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation via the autophagy pathway is a critical factor in liver fi... more Hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation via the autophagy pathway is a critical factor in liver fibrogenesis. This study tests the hypothesis that chloroquine (CQ) treatment can prevent autophagy and HSC activation in vitro and in vivo in bile-duct-ligated (BDL) mice. Sham-operated and BDL mice were treated with either PBS or CQ in two 60 mg/kg doses the day (D) before and after surgery. On day 2 (2D), HSCs were isolated, and their biological activities were evaluated by measuring intracellular lipid content, α-sma/collagen, and expression of autophagy lc3, sqstm1/p62 markers. The treatment efficacy on liver function was evaluated with serum albumin, transaminases (AST/ALT), and hepatic histology. Primary HSCs were treated in vitro for 24 h with CQ at 0, 2.5, 5, 10, 30, and 50 µM. Autophagy and HSC activation were assessed after 2D of treatment. CQ treatment improved serum AST/ALT, albumin, and bile duct proliferation in 2D BDL mice. This is associated with a suppression of HSC activ...
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