Page 1. Fiscal Space and Policy Space for Financing the Global AIDS Response to 2031 COMISSIONED ... more Page 1. Fiscal Space and Policy Space for Financing the Global AIDS Response to 2031 COMISSIONED BY: aids2031 Financing Working Group AUTHORED BY: JACQUES VAN DER GAAG VAUGHN HESTER ROBERT HECHT EMILY GUSTAFSSON NATALIE MENSER ...
Journal of interamerican studies and world affairs, Nov 1, 1974
This paper explores the importance of patterns of urbanization and migration in Colombia for the ... more This paper explores the importance of patterns of urbanization and migration in Colombia for the design of appropriate policies for regional, urban, and intermediate-city development. An opening section reviews the growth of the nineteen major municipios over the period 1918 through 1964, the date of the most recent available census. When these cities are ranked by size from largest to smallest, one observes a high degree of stability of rankings over the fifty-year period considered. This stability supports the hypothesis that an articulated hierarchy and system of cities has developed. That development in turn owes much to the flow of migrants into these cities. Largely as a result of the intensive migration into the four largest cities, their share of the total population of the 19 urban municipios rose from 46 percent in 1918 to 62 percent by 1964.
This paper explores several related propositions about rural economic life and demographic change... more This paper explores several related propositions about rural economic life and demographic change. A central thesis is that the shrinking of the farm labor force associated with past processes of economic development led to lower fertility. A subsidiary thesis is that this effect may no longer be essential to cause fertility decline; government population policies can substitute for it. This paper emphasizes two features of the transition in now-industrial countries: (1) the rising costs and falling benefits to parents of having many children, and (2) the link of that change to productivity growth in and structural change away from farming. Labor-saving innovations on farms lessened the benefits of children, causing the main fertility transition. Women left unpaid family labor on farms to work in offices, factories, and shops; this shift depressed fertility as jobs interfered with child care. Jobs for children were fewer in urban than rural settings, so more children attended school, and most parents decided to have fewer but better-educated children. The annex describes world and regional estimates of gross and per capita product for selected dates from 1800 to 1980 and projections the the year 2000.
Desarrollo Economico-revista De Ciencias Sociales, Jul 1, 1968
... 8 RICHARD M. MORSE, "The Heritage of Latin America", en Louis HARTZ... more ... 8 RICHARD M. MORSE, "The Heritage of Latin America", en Louis HARTZ, ed., The Founding of New Societies, Nueva York, 1964, pfgs ... de tierras y abrumadores impuestos coloniales, junto con el general empobrecimiento de los residuos de la poblacion in-digena de America ...
Having raised and committed about US$1.5 billion to more than sixty countries the Global Fund and... more Having raised and committed about US$1.5 billion to more than sixty countries the Global Fund and its informal network of friends and supporters will need to show through effective monitoring and evaluation (M&E) that the donors’ resources can be proved to be well spent. The two-day conference reflected on M&E data requirements how country managers can be helped to show progress and what factors such as education prospects for treatment via anti-retroviral therapy (ART) and strategic planning can help demonstrate effective use of resources. The paragraphs below summarize meeting highlights. Sown among the comments are ample Web- links that aim to help the reader learn more on any of the topics of special interest. Author names and e-mail addresses appear at the end of this note. Alan Whiteside Director of the Health Economics and HIV/AIDS Research Division of the University of Natal (HEARD) opened the meeting raising the three main challenges to the HIV/AIDS epidemic 1) Prevention 2) Treatment and Care and 3) Mitigating the Impact. Alan Whiteside mentioned the two conferences he had recently attended relevant to the IAEN Conference. The first Empirical Evidence for the Demographic and Socio- Economic Impact of AIDS was held in Durban South Africa. (excerpt)
Richard Feachem Executive Director of the Global Fund to Fight AIDS TB and Malaria (GFATM) spoke ... more Richard Feachem Executive Director of the Global Fund to Fight AIDS TB and Malaria (GFATM) spoke at the Brookings Institution on October 27 2003 to an audience of more than one hundred development specialists committed to success in the fight against AIDS. He emphasized several points of particular interest to the eight thousand recipients of IAEN news and views. Total grants counting the recent Round Three awards now total US$2.1 billion for years 1 and 2 of project implementation funded for over 120 countries. The latest awards of US$623 million fell some thirty percent short of the level predicted by Fund staff. The shortfall occurred despite higher than average success among countries that applied in Round Three but had been rejected in Rounds One and Two. Feachem suggested that these countries had learned the lesson that success depends in substantial part on submission of an excellent proposal. The Global Fund Observer in its most recent issue cautions that the technical merit of proposals being submitted to the Fund is not increasing and quite possibly is decreasing. For details follow the link to www.aidspan.org. Country coordinating mechanisms (CCMs) need help on key economic and financial issues if they are to succeed in future applications. (excerpt)
Population and Development: Old Debates, New …, 1994
This essay examines the history of population ideas in the postwar period and interprets revision... more This essay examines the history of population ideas in the postwar period and interprets revisionism a non-alarmist assessment of population consequences dominant among economists in the field. It then reviews how modern economic growth since the industrial revolution overcame the constraints of rapid population growth just as it overcame the many other limits which kept most of humankind at very low levels of living for its first 200000 years as a species. Progress could still however be stalled by population growth. Sections look at revisionism an history of ideas in the population debate and its future; population and development before the industrial revolution and why historical data are of importance for our current experience; lessons for todays developing countries in terms of market growth the growth of agricultural labor productivity labor force shifts in recent decades and consequences of rural inertia; and recent successes and failures in transition.
This discussion concentrates on empirically testing the concept that hierarchical migration is an... more This discussion concentrates on empirically testing the concept that hierarchical migration is an important mobility process in developing countries emphasizing an operationalization of the concept of hierarchical migration the derivation of migration hierarchies from empirical data and the testing of certain hypotheses regarding such hierarchical migration. Given a data set describing migration flows between a group of regions within a country it is possible by considering the preferences expressed in this movement to define a hierarchy based upon the observed movements of migrants. The resultant hierarchy will indicate a number of discrete levels and the location of each of the original regions within this hierarchical arrangement. The notion of the criterion for the derivation of the hierarchy is of primary concern to this analysis. In general there can be 2 broad categories of criteria endogenous and exogenous. When the criterion is derived directly from the data set itself then it is endogenously computed and an autonomous hierarchy is formed. In exogenously computed systems where the criterion is defined externally to the data set the hierarcy evolved may be termed a conditioned or a dependent hierarchy. The distinction between such autonomous and conditioned hierarchies has interesting empirical implications and these are the major finding which lead to the conclusions of this discussion. For the development of the autonomous and conditioned hierarchies a modification of the Nystuen Dacey graph theory algorithm is employed. When the positions of the individual regions in the autonomous and exogenous hierarchies were assigned a 4x4 contingency table was generated. For analyzing aggregate movement between the various levels of the hierarchies the 148x148 interaction matrix was collapsed into 2 4x4 arrays representing movements between the levels of both the autonomous and contitioned hierarchies. Analysis shows that the mobility pattern in Sierra Leone approximates the hypothesized model for a small country with extreme primacy evidence of the existence of a stepwise movement of population through the urban hierarchy in Sierra Leone is demonstrated. It is also evident that as the process of modernization continues and expands spatially such a movement pattern will be short circuited and direct country city moves will increase in relative importance. As distance effects are overcome the reach of the large city with its employment opportunities and other attractions can extend and overcome the basic sociocultural differences between the city and the countryside that the stepwise pattern has served to ease.
Page 1. Fiscal Space and Policy Space for Financing the Global AIDS Response to 2031 COMISSIONED ... more Page 1. Fiscal Space and Policy Space for Financing the Global AIDS Response to 2031 COMISSIONED BY: aids2031 Financing Working Group AUTHORED BY: JACQUES VAN DER GAAG VAUGHN HESTER ROBERT HECHT EMILY GUSTAFSSON NATALIE MENSER ...
Journal of interamerican studies and world affairs, Nov 1, 1974
This paper explores the importance of patterns of urbanization and migration in Colombia for the ... more This paper explores the importance of patterns of urbanization and migration in Colombia for the design of appropriate policies for regional, urban, and intermediate-city development. An opening section reviews the growth of the nineteen major municipios over the period 1918 through 1964, the date of the most recent available census. When these cities are ranked by size from largest to smallest, one observes a high degree of stability of rankings over the fifty-year period considered. This stability supports the hypothesis that an articulated hierarchy and system of cities has developed. That development in turn owes much to the flow of migrants into these cities. Largely as a result of the intensive migration into the four largest cities, their share of the total population of the 19 urban municipios rose from 46 percent in 1918 to 62 percent by 1964.
This paper explores several related propositions about rural economic life and demographic change... more This paper explores several related propositions about rural economic life and demographic change. A central thesis is that the shrinking of the farm labor force associated with past processes of economic development led to lower fertility. A subsidiary thesis is that this effect may no longer be essential to cause fertility decline; government population policies can substitute for it. This paper emphasizes two features of the transition in now-industrial countries: (1) the rising costs and falling benefits to parents of having many children, and (2) the link of that change to productivity growth in and structural change away from farming. Labor-saving innovations on farms lessened the benefits of children, causing the main fertility transition. Women left unpaid family labor on farms to work in offices, factories, and shops; this shift depressed fertility as jobs interfered with child care. Jobs for children were fewer in urban than rural settings, so more children attended school, and most parents decided to have fewer but better-educated children. The annex describes world and regional estimates of gross and per capita product for selected dates from 1800 to 1980 and projections the the year 2000.
Desarrollo Economico-revista De Ciencias Sociales, Jul 1, 1968
... 8 RICHARD M. MORSE, "The Heritage of Latin America", en Louis HARTZ... more ... 8 RICHARD M. MORSE, "The Heritage of Latin America", en Louis HARTZ, ed., The Founding of New Societies, Nueva York, 1964, pfgs ... de tierras y abrumadores impuestos coloniales, junto con el general empobrecimiento de los residuos de la poblacion in-digena de America ...
Having raised and committed about US$1.5 billion to more than sixty countries the Global Fund and... more Having raised and committed about US$1.5 billion to more than sixty countries the Global Fund and its informal network of friends and supporters will need to show through effective monitoring and evaluation (M&E) that the donors’ resources can be proved to be well spent. The two-day conference reflected on M&E data requirements how country managers can be helped to show progress and what factors such as education prospects for treatment via anti-retroviral therapy (ART) and strategic planning can help demonstrate effective use of resources. The paragraphs below summarize meeting highlights. Sown among the comments are ample Web- links that aim to help the reader learn more on any of the topics of special interest. Author names and e-mail addresses appear at the end of this note. Alan Whiteside Director of the Health Economics and HIV/AIDS Research Division of the University of Natal (HEARD) opened the meeting raising the three main challenges to the HIV/AIDS epidemic 1) Prevention 2) Treatment and Care and 3) Mitigating the Impact. Alan Whiteside mentioned the two conferences he had recently attended relevant to the IAEN Conference. The first Empirical Evidence for the Demographic and Socio- Economic Impact of AIDS was held in Durban South Africa. (excerpt)
Richard Feachem Executive Director of the Global Fund to Fight AIDS TB and Malaria (GFATM) spoke ... more Richard Feachem Executive Director of the Global Fund to Fight AIDS TB and Malaria (GFATM) spoke at the Brookings Institution on October 27 2003 to an audience of more than one hundred development specialists committed to success in the fight against AIDS. He emphasized several points of particular interest to the eight thousand recipients of IAEN news and views. Total grants counting the recent Round Three awards now total US$2.1 billion for years 1 and 2 of project implementation funded for over 120 countries. The latest awards of US$623 million fell some thirty percent short of the level predicted by Fund staff. The shortfall occurred despite higher than average success among countries that applied in Round Three but had been rejected in Rounds One and Two. Feachem suggested that these countries had learned the lesson that success depends in substantial part on submission of an excellent proposal. The Global Fund Observer in its most recent issue cautions that the technical merit of proposals being submitted to the Fund is not increasing and quite possibly is decreasing. For details follow the link to www.aidspan.org. Country coordinating mechanisms (CCMs) need help on key economic and financial issues if they are to succeed in future applications. (excerpt)
Population and Development: Old Debates, New …, 1994
This essay examines the history of population ideas in the postwar period and interprets revision... more This essay examines the history of population ideas in the postwar period and interprets revisionism a non-alarmist assessment of population consequences dominant among economists in the field. It then reviews how modern economic growth since the industrial revolution overcame the constraints of rapid population growth just as it overcame the many other limits which kept most of humankind at very low levels of living for its first 200000 years as a species. Progress could still however be stalled by population growth. Sections look at revisionism an history of ideas in the population debate and its future; population and development before the industrial revolution and why historical data are of importance for our current experience; lessons for todays developing countries in terms of market growth the growth of agricultural labor productivity labor force shifts in recent decades and consequences of rural inertia; and recent successes and failures in transition.
This discussion concentrates on empirically testing the concept that hierarchical migration is an... more This discussion concentrates on empirically testing the concept that hierarchical migration is an important mobility process in developing countries emphasizing an operationalization of the concept of hierarchical migration the derivation of migration hierarchies from empirical data and the testing of certain hypotheses regarding such hierarchical migration. Given a data set describing migration flows between a group of regions within a country it is possible by considering the preferences expressed in this movement to define a hierarchy based upon the observed movements of migrants. The resultant hierarchy will indicate a number of discrete levels and the location of each of the original regions within this hierarchical arrangement. The notion of the criterion for the derivation of the hierarchy is of primary concern to this analysis. In general there can be 2 broad categories of criteria endogenous and exogenous. When the criterion is derived directly from the data set itself then it is endogenously computed and an autonomous hierarchy is formed. In exogenously computed systems where the criterion is defined externally to the data set the hierarcy evolved may be termed a conditioned or a dependent hierarchy. The distinction between such autonomous and conditioned hierarchies has interesting empirical implications and these are the major finding which lead to the conclusions of this discussion. For the development of the autonomous and conditioned hierarchies a modification of the Nystuen Dacey graph theory algorithm is employed. When the positions of the individual regions in the autonomous and exogenous hierarchies were assigned a 4x4 contingency table was generated. For analyzing aggregate movement between the various levels of the hierarchies the 148x148 interaction matrix was collapsed into 2 4x4 arrays representing movements between the levels of both the autonomous and contitioned hierarchies. Analysis shows that the mobility pattern in Sierra Leone approximates the hypothesized model for a small country with extreme primacy evidence of the existence of a stepwise movement of population through the urban hierarchy in Sierra Leone is demonstrated. It is also evident that as the process of modernization continues and expands spatially such a movement pattern will be short circuited and direct country city moves will increase in relative importance. As distance effects are overcome the reach of the large city with its employment opportunities and other attractions can extend and overcome the basic sociocultural differences between the city and the countryside that the stepwise pattern has served to ease.
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