2014 International Conference on Green Computing Communication and Electrical Engineering (ICGCCEE), 2014
Efficient performance of medical equipment is highly critical in health care scenarios. In order ... more Efficient performance of medical equipment is highly critical in health care scenarios. In order to maintain the performance, periodical calibration is necessary. The measurement uncertainty defines an interval within which the measurand lies. Measurement uncertainty provides quantitative estimates of the level of confidence that a laboratory has in the analytical precision of medical equipment and devices. Measurement uncertainty is usually specified in the calibration certificates of the medical equipment and the device during the calibration process. This work aims at verifying the calibration procedure for two critical parameters, namely, Electrocardiogram (ECG) and Non Invasive Blood Pressure (NIBP). The uncertainty for these parameters is calculated by considering all the important contributing factors, such as uncertainty of the calibrator, accuracy of measurements and resolution of the data.
Abstract In the present study simultaneous alkaline treatment of pearl millet straw (PMS) in soli... more Abstract In the present study simultaneous alkaline treatment of pearl millet straw (PMS) in solid state anaerobic digestion (SSAD) at 52 °C was attempted to enhance methanogenesis. Alkalis (Ca(OH)2, NaOH and KOH) were added simultaneously as 1, 2, 3 and 4% w/w basis (% alkali/100 g of straw) for enhanced contact time with PMS. Results revealed that mild simultaneous alkali treatment of PMS showed positive impact (140 L/kg of methane at 2% KOH) on SSAD as compared to untreated PMS (85 L/kg VS of methane). In spite of the fact that higher dose of alkali showed enhanced lignin disruption, a decrease in methane yield was observed compared to lower dosing. Based on experimental data, net energy analysis was carried out to see if the input energy and environmental heat loss could be subsided for full scale SSAD plant. The results from lab scale experiments were used for net energy analysis by extrapolating the results obtained in the experiments. The analysis showed that a gross cumulative gain of 82–165 GJ of energy observed for simultaneous alkaline treatment over six months. Also, the results showed that net energy production rate (NEPR) and energy efficiency ratio (EER) of untreated PMS were 61.2% and 2.6 respectively; while, for treated PMS with 2% KOH, it reached to 81.1% and 5.4 respectively.
ObjectiveThis interdisciplinary qualitative study aims to explore the health, education, engineer... more ObjectiveThis interdisciplinary qualitative study aims to explore the health, education, engineering and environment factors impacting on feeding practices in rural India. The ultimate goal of the Participatory Approach for Nutrition in Children: Strengthening Health Education Engineering and Environment Linkages project is to identify challenges and opportunities for improvement to subsequently develop socioculturally appropriate, tailored, innovative interventions for the successful implementation of appropriate infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices locally.DesignQualitative research method, involving five phases: (1) identification of local feeding practices; (2) identification of the local needs and opportunities for children aged 6–24 months; and (3–5) analysis of the gathered qualitative data, intervention design, review and distribution.SettingNine villages in two community development blocks, that is, Ghatol and Kushalgarh, located in the Banswara district in Rajas...
Emerging Technologies and Biological Systems for Biogas Upgrading
Abstract Different gas separation technologies such as absorption (both physical and chemical), p... more Abstract Different gas separation technologies such as absorption (both physical and chemical), pressure swing adsorption (PSA), membrane separation, and cryogenic treatment can be used to purify the CH4-rich biogas stream. PSA is the second-most commonly employed technique for biogas upgrading, with several commercial small-to-medium-scale plants existing worldwide. During the PSA process, biogas is compressed to a pressure between 4–10 bar and is fed to a vessel where it comes in to contact with a material (adsorbent) that selectively retains CO2. The adsorbent is a porous solid, usually with a high surface area. Recent research and experimental demonstrations have shown that adsorption technology paves the way for scaling up the biogas upgrading process with high energy efficiencies of up to 90%–95%. Moreover, PSA systems can be installed in any part of the world since they do not depend on temperature. Due to its low energy requirements, low capital costs, flexibility, and high efficiency in comparison to other gas separation methods, it has become one of the most preferred and widely implemented technologies.
Lignocellulosic biomass is an abundant resource with untapped potential for biofuel, enzymes, and... more Lignocellulosic biomass is an abundant resource with untapped potential for biofuel, enzymes, and chemical production. Its complex recalcitrant structure obstructs its bioconversion into biofuels and other value-added products. For improving its bioconversion efficiency, it is important to deconstruct its complex structure. In natural systems like rumen, diverse microbial communities carry out hydrolysis, acidogenesis, acetogenesis, and methanogenesis of lignocellulosic biomass through physical penetration, synergistic and enzymatic actions enhancing lignocellulose degradation activity. This review article aims to discuss comprehensively the rumen microbial ecosystem, their interactions, enzyme production, and applications for efficient bioconversion of lignocellulosic waste to biofuels. Furthermore, meta 'omics' approaches to elucidate the structure and functions of rumen microorganisms, fermentation mechanisms, microbe-microbe interactions, and host-microbe interactions have been discussed thoroughly. Additionally, feed additives' role in improving ruminal fermentation efficiency and reducing environmental nitrogen losses has been discussed. Finally, the current status of rumen microbiota applications and future perspectives for the development of rumen mimic bioreactors for efficient bioconversion of lignocellulosic wastes to biofuels and chemicals have been highlighted.
Abstract With the depletion of fossil fuels, growing energy demands, and the issue of climate cha... more Abstract With the depletion of fossil fuels, growing energy demands, and the issue of climate change, finding sustainable renewable sources of energy has become extremely important. Innovative approaches are being developed for the production of bioenergy, biomaterials, and chemicals from organic wastes so as to find an alternative to fossil fuels as well solve the problem of the dumping of organic wastes into landfills. One viable options of energy generation from organic wastes is biogas. An added advantage of biogas technology is the production of organic manure for crops. This chapter is intended to evaluate the current status of biogas production, the various feedstocks available, the technological advancements being made, and the barriers in the dissemination of these technologies.
2014 International Conference on Green Computing Communication and Electrical Engineering (ICGCCEE), 2014
Efficient performance of medical equipment is highly critical in health care scenarios. In order ... more Efficient performance of medical equipment is highly critical in health care scenarios. In order to maintain the performance, periodical calibration is necessary. The measurement uncertainty defines an interval within which the measurand lies. Measurement uncertainty provides quantitative estimates of the level of confidence that a laboratory has in the analytical precision of medical equipment and devices. Measurement uncertainty is usually specified in the calibration certificates of the medical equipment and the device during the calibration process. This work aims at verifying the calibration procedure for two critical parameters, namely, Electrocardiogram (ECG) and Non Invasive Blood Pressure (NIBP). The uncertainty for these parameters is calculated by considering all the important contributing factors, such as uncertainty of the calibrator, accuracy of measurements and resolution of the data.
Abstract In the present study simultaneous alkaline treatment of pearl millet straw (PMS) in soli... more Abstract In the present study simultaneous alkaline treatment of pearl millet straw (PMS) in solid state anaerobic digestion (SSAD) at 52 °C was attempted to enhance methanogenesis. Alkalis (Ca(OH)2, NaOH and KOH) were added simultaneously as 1, 2, 3 and 4% w/w basis (% alkali/100 g of straw) for enhanced contact time with PMS. Results revealed that mild simultaneous alkali treatment of PMS showed positive impact (140 L/kg of methane at 2% KOH) on SSAD as compared to untreated PMS (85 L/kg VS of methane). In spite of the fact that higher dose of alkali showed enhanced lignin disruption, a decrease in methane yield was observed compared to lower dosing. Based on experimental data, net energy analysis was carried out to see if the input energy and environmental heat loss could be subsided for full scale SSAD plant. The results from lab scale experiments were used for net energy analysis by extrapolating the results obtained in the experiments. The analysis showed that a gross cumulative gain of 82–165 GJ of energy observed for simultaneous alkaline treatment over six months. Also, the results showed that net energy production rate (NEPR) and energy efficiency ratio (EER) of untreated PMS were 61.2% and 2.6 respectively; while, for treated PMS with 2% KOH, it reached to 81.1% and 5.4 respectively.
ObjectiveThis interdisciplinary qualitative study aims to explore the health, education, engineer... more ObjectiveThis interdisciplinary qualitative study aims to explore the health, education, engineering and environment factors impacting on feeding practices in rural India. The ultimate goal of the Participatory Approach for Nutrition in Children: Strengthening Health Education Engineering and Environment Linkages project is to identify challenges and opportunities for improvement to subsequently develop socioculturally appropriate, tailored, innovative interventions for the successful implementation of appropriate infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices locally.DesignQualitative research method, involving five phases: (1) identification of local feeding practices; (2) identification of the local needs and opportunities for children aged 6–24 months; and (3–5) analysis of the gathered qualitative data, intervention design, review and distribution.SettingNine villages in two community development blocks, that is, Ghatol and Kushalgarh, located in the Banswara district in Rajas...
Emerging Technologies and Biological Systems for Biogas Upgrading
Abstract Different gas separation technologies such as absorption (both physical and chemical), p... more Abstract Different gas separation technologies such as absorption (both physical and chemical), pressure swing adsorption (PSA), membrane separation, and cryogenic treatment can be used to purify the CH4-rich biogas stream. PSA is the second-most commonly employed technique for biogas upgrading, with several commercial small-to-medium-scale plants existing worldwide. During the PSA process, biogas is compressed to a pressure between 4–10 bar and is fed to a vessel where it comes in to contact with a material (adsorbent) that selectively retains CO2. The adsorbent is a porous solid, usually with a high surface area. Recent research and experimental demonstrations have shown that adsorption technology paves the way for scaling up the biogas upgrading process with high energy efficiencies of up to 90%–95%. Moreover, PSA systems can be installed in any part of the world since they do not depend on temperature. Due to its low energy requirements, low capital costs, flexibility, and high efficiency in comparison to other gas separation methods, it has become one of the most preferred and widely implemented technologies.
Lignocellulosic biomass is an abundant resource with untapped potential for biofuel, enzymes, and... more Lignocellulosic biomass is an abundant resource with untapped potential for biofuel, enzymes, and chemical production. Its complex recalcitrant structure obstructs its bioconversion into biofuels and other value-added products. For improving its bioconversion efficiency, it is important to deconstruct its complex structure. In natural systems like rumen, diverse microbial communities carry out hydrolysis, acidogenesis, acetogenesis, and methanogenesis of lignocellulosic biomass through physical penetration, synergistic and enzymatic actions enhancing lignocellulose degradation activity. This review article aims to discuss comprehensively the rumen microbial ecosystem, their interactions, enzyme production, and applications for efficient bioconversion of lignocellulosic waste to biofuels. Furthermore, meta 'omics' approaches to elucidate the structure and functions of rumen microorganisms, fermentation mechanisms, microbe-microbe interactions, and host-microbe interactions have been discussed thoroughly. Additionally, feed additives' role in improving ruminal fermentation efficiency and reducing environmental nitrogen losses has been discussed. Finally, the current status of rumen microbiota applications and future perspectives for the development of rumen mimic bioreactors for efficient bioconversion of lignocellulosic wastes to biofuels and chemicals have been highlighted.
Abstract With the depletion of fossil fuels, growing energy demands, and the issue of climate cha... more Abstract With the depletion of fossil fuels, growing energy demands, and the issue of climate change, finding sustainable renewable sources of energy has become extremely important. Innovative approaches are being developed for the production of bioenergy, biomaterials, and chemicals from organic wastes so as to find an alternative to fossil fuels as well solve the problem of the dumping of organic wastes into landfills. One viable options of energy generation from organic wastes is biogas. An added advantage of biogas technology is the production of organic manure for crops. This chapter is intended to evaluate the current status of biogas production, the various feedstocks available, the technological advancements being made, and the barriers in the dissemination of these technologies.
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