1 | National Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Addiction, Office of the Government, Czech Republic ... more 1 | National Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Addiction, Office of the Government, Czech Republic 2 | Department of Addictology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic 3 | National Institute of Mental Health, Czech Republic 4 | Czech AIDS Help Society, NGO, Czech Republic 5 | Institute of Sexology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic Citation | Mravčík, V., Pitoňák, M., Hejzák, R., Janíková, B., Procházka, I. (2018). HIV/AIDS Epidemic in the Czech Republic and Related Factors: Comparison of Key Populations of People who Inject Drugs and Men who Have Sex with Men. Adiktologie, 18(2), 117–128. HIV/AIDS Epidemic in the Czech Republic and Related Factors: Comparison of Key Populations of People who Inject Drugs and Men who Have Sex with Men
People who inject drugs (PWID) experience a high prevalence of incarceration and might be at high... more People who inject drugs (PWID) experience a high prevalence of incarceration and might be at high risk of HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection during or after incarceration. We aimed to assess whether incarceration history elevates HIV or HCV acquisition risk among PWID. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, and PsycINFO databases for studies in any language published from Jan 1, 2000 until June 13, 2017 assessing HIV or HCV incidence among PWID. We included studies that measured HIV or HCV incidence among community-recruited PWID. We included only studies reporting original results and excluded studies that evaluated incident infections by self-report. We contacted authors of cohort studies that met the inclusion or exclusion criteria, but that did not report on the outcomes of interest, to request data. We extracted and pooled data from the included studies using random-effects meta-analyses to quantify the associations between recent (past...
Central European journal of public health, Sep 1, 2016
Licit and illicit drug use in pregnant women constitutes a long lasting and serious problem world... more Licit and illicit drug use in pregnant women constitutes a long lasting and serious problem worldwide. Information on long-term effects of maternal drug use on the child is limited. Nationwide registers provide a great potential to study short and long-term consequences for children exposed to licit and illicit drugs during pregnancy. We discuss this potential, with a special emphasis on exposure to methamphetamine, heroin and prescription drugs used for opioid maintenance treatment (OMT). We also discuss the advantages of register data and of merging such data from different regions. The Czech and Scandinavian registers are largely comparable and provide great opportunities to conduct innovative research. For instance, using Czech and Scandinavian cohorts we can compare groups with similar characteristics, such as mothers in OMT and mothers addicted to other drugs while also controlling for important confounding factors such as health and socio-economic status.
ABSTRACT Background: In several EU countries, synthetic cathinone (SC) use has spread among injec... more ABSTRACT Background: In several EU countries, synthetic cathinone (SC) use has spread among injecting drug users (IDUs); it has been linked to risk of dependence and HIV/HCV transmission. Aims: To analyze the association between dependence and risky injecting practice with experimental and repeated SC use in the past 12 months among the clients of needle-syringe programs in the Czech Republic. Methods: IDUs in six locations in the Czech Republic were surveyed in 2013 and 2014 (n = 463). Single-predictor multinomial logit models were run to determine SC use upon the Severity of Dependence Scale (SDS) and risky injecting practice; the same predictors were included in the multivariate model with confounders. Findings: SDS score and risky injecting practice were significantly associated with repeated SC use in single-predictor models but not in the multivariate model; SC experimentation was linked to young and male respondents and those who lived in a larger city (>50,000); predictors of repeated SC use were homelessness (AOR = 3.2), co-occurring use of stimulants and opioids (AOR = 4.3), and use of cannabis (AOR = 2.4) in the past month. Conclusions: Repeated SC use was associated with poly-drug use and homelessness; given the rather inferior status of SCs among IDUs, their users face a risk of stigmatization and further marginalization.
1 | National Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Addiction, Office of the Government, Czech Republic ... more 1 | National Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Addiction, Office of the Government, Czech Republic 2 | Department of Addictology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic 3 | National Institute of Mental Health, Czech Republic 4 | Czech AIDS Help Society, NGO, Czech Republic 5 | Institute of Sexology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic Citation | Mravčík, V., Pitoňák, M., Hejzák, R., Janíková, B., Procházka, I. (2018). HIV/AIDS Epidemic in the Czech Republic and Related Factors: Comparison of Key Populations of People who Inject Drugs and Men who Have Sex with Men. Adiktologie, 18(2), 117–128. HIV/AIDS Epidemic in the Czech Republic and Related Factors: Comparison of Key Populations of People who Inject Drugs and Men who Have Sex with Men
People who inject drugs (PWID) experience a high prevalence of incarceration and might be at high... more People who inject drugs (PWID) experience a high prevalence of incarceration and might be at high risk of HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection during or after incarceration. We aimed to assess whether incarceration history elevates HIV or HCV acquisition risk among PWID. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, and PsycINFO databases for studies in any language published from Jan 1, 2000 until June 13, 2017 assessing HIV or HCV incidence among PWID. We included studies that measured HIV or HCV incidence among community-recruited PWID. We included only studies reporting original results and excluded studies that evaluated incident infections by self-report. We contacted authors of cohort studies that met the inclusion or exclusion criteria, but that did not report on the outcomes of interest, to request data. We extracted and pooled data from the included studies using random-effects meta-analyses to quantify the associations between recent (past...
Central European journal of public health, Sep 1, 2016
Licit and illicit drug use in pregnant women constitutes a long lasting and serious problem world... more Licit and illicit drug use in pregnant women constitutes a long lasting and serious problem worldwide. Information on long-term effects of maternal drug use on the child is limited. Nationwide registers provide a great potential to study short and long-term consequences for children exposed to licit and illicit drugs during pregnancy. We discuss this potential, with a special emphasis on exposure to methamphetamine, heroin and prescription drugs used for opioid maintenance treatment (OMT). We also discuss the advantages of register data and of merging such data from different regions. The Czech and Scandinavian registers are largely comparable and provide great opportunities to conduct innovative research. For instance, using Czech and Scandinavian cohorts we can compare groups with similar characteristics, such as mothers in OMT and mothers addicted to other drugs while also controlling for important confounding factors such as health and socio-economic status.
ABSTRACT Background: In several EU countries, synthetic cathinone (SC) use has spread among injec... more ABSTRACT Background: In several EU countries, synthetic cathinone (SC) use has spread among injecting drug users (IDUs); it has been linked to risk of dependence and HIV/HCV transmission. Aims: To analyze the association between dependence and risky injecting practice with experimental and repeated SC use in the past 12 months among the clients of needle-syringe programs in the Czech Republic. Methods: IDUs in six locations in the Czech Republic were surveyed in 2013 and 2014 (n = 463). Single-predictor multinomial logit models were run to determine SC use upon the Severity of Dependence Scale (SDS) and risky injecting practice; the same predictors were included in the multivariate model with confounders. Findings: SDS score and risky injecting practice were significantly associated with repeated SC use in single-predictor models but not in the multivariate model; SC experimentation was linked to young and male respondents and those who lived in a larger city (>50,000); predictors of repeated SC use were homelessness (AOR = 3.2), co-occurring use of stimulants and opioids (AOR = 4.3), and use of cannabis (AOR = 2.4) in the past month. Conclusions: Repeated SC use was associated with poly-drug use and homelessness; given the rather inferior status of SCs among IDUs, their users face a risk of stigmatization and further marginalization.
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Papers by Viktor Mravcik