This paper presents a short review of the evidence - both experimental and theoretical - of the f... more This paper presents a short review of the evidence - both experimental and theoretical - of the formation of dissipative structures in liquid water induced by three kinds of physical perturbations having a low energy content: extremely diluted solut ion (EDS), iteratively filtered water (IFW), and iteratively nafionated water (INW). Partic ular attention is devoted to the very recent discovery that such structures are tremendously persistent even in the solid phase: large ponderal quantities of supramolecular aggregates of water (with each nucleus hundreds of nanometers in size) have been observed - at ambient pressure and temperature - using easily-reproducible experimental methods. The nature of these dissipative structures is analyzed and explained in terms of the thermodynamics of far-from-equilibrium systems and irreversible processes, showing their spontaneous quantum origin. Are these kinds of structures the matrix itself of life?.
By resorting to measurements of physically characterizing observables of water samples perturbed ... more By resorting to measurements of physically characterizing observables of water samples perturbed by the presence of Nafion and by iterative filtration processes, we discuss their scale free, self-similar fractal properties. By use of algebraic methods, the isomorphism is proved between such self-similarity features and the deformed coherent state formalism.
Journal of the Chemical Society, Faraday Transactions 1: Physical Chemistry in Condensed Phases, 1988
ABSTRACT Aqueous solutions of amides have been studied for their importance as uncharged model mo... more ABSTRACT Aqueous solutions of amides have been studied for their importance as uncharged model molecules of structural units of polypeptide chains and proteins. Urea and its alkyl derivatives are known as denaturing agents against proteins. In this paper some new experimental calorimetric data from our laboratory concerning ternary aqueous solutions, each containing one amide and one urea species, are presented, discussed and compared with literature data. The relevance of the weak interactions occurring between these types of cosolutes in water is discussed from the point of view of the biochemical consequences on the stability of proteins. It is confirmed that both polar and hydrophobic intermolecular interactions perturb the native conformation of polypeptides and proteins, as they compete with intramolecular interactions. Urea is either ineffective or it enhances the hydrophobic interactions, contrary to what apparently is suggested by the increase of solubility of lighter hydrocarbons in urea–water mixtures.
... Faraday Trans. I, 72 (1976) 1359. 19 HL Friedman and CV Krishnan, J. Solution Chem., 2 (1972)... more ... Faraday Trans. I, 72 (1976) 1359. 19 HL Friedman and CV Krishnan, J. Solution Chem., 2 (1972) 119, 20 JE Desnoyers, G. Perron, L. Avedikian and JP Morel, J. Solution Chem., 5 (1976) 631. 21 J. Perron and JE Desnoyers, J. Chem. ... References. 1A. Ben-Naim, J. Chem. Phys. ...
ABSTRACT The heats of dilution in water of the binary and ternary solutions of the two enantioner... more ABSTRACT The heats of dilution in water of the binary and ternary solutions of the two enantioneric forms of N-acetyl-leucinamide have been determined at 298.15 K using a microcalorimetric procedure. The excess enthalpies obtained by these data, and expressed as varial expansion series, permit the evaluation of the pairwise homotactic and heterotactic enthalpic coefficients. As for the chiral forms of other N-acetyl-peptidoamides and of a few monosaccnarides, the etherotactic coefficient for the interactions between the D- and L- enantiomers is slightly but significantly different from the corresponding homotactic coefficients. A weak solvent-mediated chiral recognition can be assumed to still exist in a polar screening solvent, such as water.
The heats of dilution in water of binary and ternary solutions of the two enantiomeric forms ofN-... more The heats of dilution in water of binary and ternary solutions of the two enantiomeric forms ofN-acetylalanineamide have been measured at 25°. The excess enthalpies, expressed as virial expansion series, permit evaluation of the pairwise self and cross enthalpic coefficients. As for the chiral forms of some monosaccharides, the cross coefficient for the interaction between theD andL forms ofN-acetylalanineamide is
ABSTRACT Conductometric and calorimetric titrations of extremely diluted solutions (EDS) were per... more ABSTRACT Conductometric and calorimetric titrations of extremely diluted solutions (EDS) were performed by adding HCl or NaOH solutions. The aim of this work was to confirm the hypothesised presence of molecular aggregates of water molecules in EDS stored for 15 months at 5 different temperatures. Conductometric and calorimetric measurements on the EDS samples revealed significant differences compared to the solvent. The experimental data can be interpreted as indicating a favourable interaction between the H3O+ and OH− ions and the dissipative structures, leading to the formation of complexes between the two ions deriving from probes and the molecular aggregates of water molecules. These results suggest that storing EDS at different temperatures does not alter the non-equilibrium changes in the supramolecular structure of water in the studied solutions.
A large number of thermodynamic and transport measurements were conducted on ‘extremely diluted s... more A large number of thermodynamic and transport measurements were conducted on ‘extremely diluted solutions’ (EDS). The physico-chemical results presented here allow us to hypothesize that the process of iterated dilutions and succussions is capable of modifying in a permanent way the features of water. A really intriguing phenomenon was the evolution of two physico-chemical properties with time. The calorimetric and
ABSTRACT This work investigates the physicochemical alterations of water perturbed by prolonged c... more ABSTRACT This work investigates the physicochemical alterations of water perturbed by prolonged contact with the hydrophilic polymer Nafion, referred to as iteratively nafionized water (INW). The parameters measured are: electrical conductivity, χ μS cm−1, heat of mixing with basic sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solutions, ΔQ NaOHmix J kg−1, and pH. The results indicate that supramolecular aggregates of water molecules form after prolonged contact with a Nafion surface. Analytical determination by ion chromatography allows us to exclude the role of contaminants. This suggests that water may possess an exceptional self-organization capability triggered by the contact with a hydrophilic surface. Conductometric, pH-metric, and calorimetric titrations of INW were performed by the addition of NaOH solutions to determine the concentration of the aqueous nanostructures, via conductometric and pH-metric titration with NaOH solutions. Thermodynamic parameters were determined via calorimetric titration, for the process of formation of complexes between the nanostructures and the base used.
This paper presents a short review of the evidence - both experimental and theoretical - of the f... more This paper presents a short review of the evidence - both experimental and theoretical - of the formation of dissipative structures in liquid water induced by three kinds of physical perturbations having a low energy content: extremely diluted solut ion (EDS), iteratively filtered water (IFW), and iteratively nafionated water (INW). Partic ular attention is devoted to the very recent discovery that such structures are tremendously persistent even in the solid phase: large ponderal quantities of supramolecular aggregates of water (with each nucleus hundreds of nanometers in size) have been observed - at ambient pressure and temperature - using easily-reproducible experimental methods. The nature of these dissipative structures is analyzed and explained in terms of the thermodynamics of far-from-equilibrium systems and irreversible processes, showing their spontaneous quantum origin. Are these kinds of structures the matrix itself of life?.
By resorting to measurements of physically characterizing observables of water samples perturbed ... more By resorting to measurements of physically characterizing observables of water samples perturbed by the presence of Nafion and by iterative filtration processes, we discuss their scale free, self-similar fractal properties. By use of algebraic methods, the isomorphism is proved between such self-similarity features and the deformed coherent state formalism.
Journal of the Chemical Society, Faraday Transactions 1: Physical Chemistry in Condensed Phases, 1988
ABSTRACT Aqueous solutions of amides have been studied for their importance as uncharged model mo... more ABSTRACT Aqueous solutions of amides have been studied for their importance as uncharged model molecules of structural units of polypeptide chains and proteins. Urea and its alkyl derivatives are known as denaturing agents against proteins. In this paper some new experimental calorimetric data from our laboratory concerning ternary aqueous solutions, each containing one amide and one urea species, are presented, discussed and compared with literature data. The relevance of the weak interactions occurring between these types of cosolutes in water is discussed from the point of view of the biochemical consequences on the stability of proteins. It is confirmed that both polar and hydrophobic intermolecular interactions perturb the native conformation of polypeptides and proteins, as they compete with intramolecular interactions. Urea is either ineffective or it enhances the hydrophobic interactions, contrary to what apparently is suggested by the increase of solubility of lighter hydrocarbons in urea–water mixtures.
... Faraday Trans. I, 72 (1976) 1359. 19 HL Friedman and CV Krishnan, J. Solution Chem., 2 (1972)... more ... Faraday Trans. I, 72 (1976) 1359. 19 HL Friedman and CV Krishnan, J. Solution Chem., 2 (1972) 119, 20 JE Desnoyers, G. Perron, L. Avedikian and JP Morel, J. Solution Chem., 5 (1976) 631. 21 J. Perron and JE Desnoyers, J. Chem. ... References. 1A. Ben-Naim, J. Chem. Phys. ...
ABSTRACT The heats of dilution in water of the binary and ternary solutions of the two enantioner... more ABSTRACT The heats of dilution in water of the binary and ternary solutions of the two enantioneric forms of N-acetyl-leucinamide have been determined at 298.15 K using a microcalorimetric procedure. The excess enthalpies obtained by these data, and expressed as varial expansion series, permit the evaluation of the pairwise homotactic and heterotactic enthalpic coefficients. As for the chiral forms of other N-acetyl-peptidoamides and of a few monosaccnarides, the etherotactic coefficient for the interactions between the D- and L- enantiomers is slightly but significantly different from the corresponding homotactic coefficients. A weak solvent-mediated chiral recognition can be assumed to still exist in a polar screening solvent, such as water.
The heats of dilution in water of binary and ternary solutions of the two enantiomeric forms ofN-... more The heats of dilution in water of binary and ternary solutions of the two enantiomeric forms ofN-acetylalanineamide have been measured at 25°. The excess enthalpies, expressed as virial expansion series, permit evaluation of the pairwise self and cross enthalpic coefficients. As for the chiral forms of some monosaccharides, the cross coefficient for the interaction between theD andL forms ofN-acetylalanineamide is
ABSTRACT Conductometric and calorimetric titrations of extremely diluted solutions (EDS) were per... more ABSTRACT Conductometric and calorimetric titrations of extremely diluted solutions (EDS) were performed by adding HCl or NaOH solutions. The aim of this work was to confirm the hypothesised presence of molecular aggregates of water molecules in EDS stored for 15 months at 5 different temperatures. Conductometric and calorimetric measurements on the EDS samples revealed significant differences compared to the solvent. The experimental data can be interpreted as indicating a favourable interaction between the H3O+ and OH− ions and the dissipative structures, leading to the formation of complexes between the two ions deriving from probes and the molecular aggregates of water molecules. These results suggest that storing EDS at different temperatures does not alter the non-equilibrium changes in the supramolecular structure of water in the studied solutions.
A large number of thermodynamic and transport measurements were conducted on ‘extremely diluted s... more A large number of thermodynamic and transport measurements were conducted on ‘extremely diluted solutions’ (EDS). The physico-chemical results presented here allow us to hypothesize that the process of iterated dilutions and succussions is capable of modifying in a permanent way the features of water. A really intriguing phenomenon was the evolution of two physico-chemical properties with time. The calorimetric and
ABSTRACT This work investigates the physicochemical alterations of water perturbed by prolonged c... more ABSTRACT This work investigates the physicochemical alterations of water perturbed by prolonged contact with the hydrophilic polymer Nafion, referred to as iteratively nafionized water (INW). The parameters measured are: electrical conductivity, χ μS cm−1, heat of mixing with basic sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solutions, ΔQ NaOHmix J kg−1, and pH. The results indicate that supramolecular aggregates of water molecules form after prolonged contact with a Nafion surface. Analytical determination by ion chromatography allows us to exclude the role of contaminants. This suggests that water may possess an exceptional self-organization capability triggered by the contact with a hydrophilic surface. Conductometric, pH-metric, and calorimetric titrations of INW were performed by the addition of NaOH solutions to determine the concentration of the aqueous nanostructures, via conductometric and pH-metric titration with NaOH solutions. Thermodynamic parameters were determined via calorimetric titration, for the process of formation of complexes between the nanostructures and the base used.
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