This dataset contains the digitized treatments in Plazi based on the original journal article Ste... more This dataset contains the digitized treatments in Plazi based on the original journal article Stephen L. Brusatte, Thomas D. Carr, Thomas E. Williamson, Thomas R. Holtz Jr., David W. E. Hone, Scott A. Williams (2016): Dentary groove morphology does not distinguish ' Nanotyrannus' as a valid taxon of tyrannosauroid dinosaur. Comment on: " Distribution of the dentary groove of theropod dinosaurs: Im ... Cretaceous Research 65: 232-237, DOI: 10.1016/j.cretres.2016.02.007
meter measurements is +/- 4.16 cm. This sections shows siltstones and shaley siltstones that are ... more meter measurements is +/- 4.16 cm. This sections shows siltstones and shaley siltstones that are overlain by coarser siltstones and shales. This represents a lake shore environment (siltstones) that grades into the mouth of a river (coarser siltstones), eventually becoming a deep lake (shales). This lacustrine environment is indicitave of the Gettysburg Formation. The Fulton Site, a recently discovered fossil locality, lies within the Gettysburg Basin in the Newark Supergroup. Though this site has produced several vertebrate and invertebrate trace and body fossils, it has not been correlated stratigraphically. There are currently two leading hypotheses on the lithostratigraphic position of the Fulton Site. The first is that the site is the New Oxford Forma-tion (a fluvial unit), and the second is that it is the Gettysburg Formation (a lacustrine unit). Another issue is of age, which has been confused with lithostratigraphy in the past. The hypotheses that are independently tested in...
Ostracodes were studied from deep Arctic Ocean cores obtained during the Arctic 91 expedition of ... more Ostracodes were studied from deep Arctic Ocean cores obtained during the Arctic 91 expedition of the Polarstern to the Nansen, Amundsen and Makarov Basins, the Lomonosov Ridge, Morris Jesup Rise and Yermak Plateau, in order to investigate their distribution in Arctic Ocean deep water (AODW) and apply these data to paleoceanographic reconstruction of bottom water masses during the Quaternary. Analyses of coretop assemblages from Arctic 91 boxcores indicate the following: ostracodes are common at all depths between 1000 and 4500 m, and species distribution is strongly influenced by water mass characteristics and bathymetry; quantitative analyses comparing Eurasian and Canada Basin assemblages indicate that distinct assemblages inhabit regions east and west of the Lomonosov Ridge, a barrier especially important to species living in lower AODW; deep Eurasian Basin assemblages are more similar to those living in Greenland Sea deep water (GSDW) than those in Canada Basin deep water; two upper AODW assemblages were recognized throughout the Arctic Ocean, one living between 1000 and 1500 m, and the other, having high species diversity, at 1500-3000 m.Downcore quantitative analyses of species' abundances and the squared chord distance coefficient of similarity reveals a distinct series of abundance peaks in key indicator taxa interpreted to signify the following late Quaternary deep water history of the Eurasian Basin. During the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), a GSDW/AODW assemblage, characteristic of cold, well oxygenated deep water > 3000 m today, inhabited the Lomonosov Ridge to depths as shallow as 1000 m, perhaps indicating the influence of GSDW at mid-depths in the central Arctic Ocean. During Termination 1, a period of high organic productivity associated with a strong inflowing warm North Atlantic layer occurred. During the mid-Holocene, several key faunal events indicate a period of warming and/or enhanced flow between the Canada and Eurasian Basins. A long-term record of ostracode assemblages from kastenlot core [...]
The Paleontological Society Special Publications, 1992
It has often been assumed that the intensively studied dinosaur faunal assemblages of western Nor... more It has often been assumed that the intensively studied dinosaur faunal assemblages of western North America and the Gobi Desert of Mongolia and China represent “typical” Late Cretaceous terrestrial vertebrate communities. This assumption has led to a paleoecological scenario in which a global ecological shift occurs from the dominance of high-browsing saurischian (i.e., sauropod) to low-browsing ornithischian (i.e., iguanodontian, marginocephalian, ankylosaurian) herbivore communities. Furthermore, the assumption that the Asiamerican dinosaur faunas are communities “typical” of the Late Cretaceous has forced the conclusion that the sauropod-dominated Argentine population must have been an isolated relict ecosystem of primitive taxa (i.e., titanosaurid sauropods, abelisaurid ceratosaurs). Recent discoveries and reinterpretations of other Late Cretaceous assemblages, however, seriously challenge these assumptions.Paleogeography and paleobiogeography have demonstrated that terrestrial ...
Predatory theropod dinosaurs can usually be identified as such by features of their jaws, teeth, ... more Predatory theropod dinosaurs can usually be identified as such by features of their jaws, teeth, and postcrania, but different clades of these reptiles differed in their adaptations for prey handling. Inferences about theropod diets and hunting behavior based on functional morphology are sometimes supported by evidence from taphonomic associations with likely prey species, bite marks, gut contents, coprolites, and trackways. Very large theropods like Tyrannosaurus are unlikely to have been pure hunters or scavengers, and probably ate whatever meat they could easily obtain, dead or alive. Theropods were not the only dinosaur hunters, though; other kinds of large reptiles undoubtedly fed on dinosaurs as well The taxonomic composition of dinosaurian predator-prey complexes varies as a function of time and geography, but an ecologically remarkable feature of dinosaurian faunas, as compared with terrestrial mammalian faunas, is the very large size commonly attained by both herbivorous an...
Tyrannosaurids are a well-supported clade of very large predatory dinosaurs of Late Cretaceous As... more Tyrannosaurids are a well-supported clade of very large predatory dinosaurs of Late Cretaceous Asiamerica. Traditional dinosaurian systematics place these animals within the infraorder Carnosauria with the other large theropods (allosaurids, megalosaurids). A new cladistic analysis indicates that the tyrannosaurs were in fact derived members of the Coelurosauria, a group of otherwise small theropods. Despite certain gross cranial similarities with the large predators of the Jurassic and Early Cretaceous, the Late Cretaceous tyrannosaurids are shown to be the sister group to ornithomimids and troodontids, which share a derived condition of the metatarsus. This clade is found to be nested within Maniraptora, which is a more inclusive taxon than previously recognized. The atrophied carpal structure found in tyrannosaurids and ornithomimids is derived from a maniraptoran condition with a large semilunate carpal, rather than from the plesiomorphic theropod morphology.The taxa “Carnosauri...
Predator—Prey Interactions in the Fossil Record, 2003
Carnivorous dinosaurs (Theropoda) such as Tyrannosaurus rex, Velociraptor mongoliensis, and Spino... more Carnivorous dinosaurs (Theropoda) such as Tyrannosaurus rex, Velociraptor mongoliensis, and Spinosaurus aegyptiacus are among the most popularly known fossil species and (perhaps together with the felid Smilodon and the synapsid Dimetrodon) represent the public's primary vision of extinct predators. Numerous restorations of theropods engaged in mortal combat with each other or with one of the many clades of herbivorous dinosaurs are among the most common illustrations of life in the ancient past.
A pair of newly discovered 70-million-year-old fossils from Mongolia — including material previou... more A pair of newly discovered 70-million-year-old fossils from Mongolia — including material previously lost to poaching — reveals the true nature of one of the most enigmatic dinosaur species, Deinocheirus mirificus. See Letter p.257 For almost 50 years, the strange theropod dinosaur Deinocheirus mirificus has been regarded as one of the most intriguing puzzles in palaeontology. Known only from two gigantic forelimbs unearthed in Mongolia in 1965, it had been variously described as an ornithomimid, a therizinosaur or a member of a completely new theropod clade. New excavations have now revealed two almost entire skeletons of the creature, enabling Yuong-Nam Lee et al. to offer a detailed picture of D. mirificus. What emerges is a gigantic creature with a duckbill-like skull and a humped back, the largest known member of the ornithomimosaurs, living in a damp environment, with plants and fish as part of the diet of D. mirificus.
This dataset contains the digitized treatments in Plazi based on the original journal article Ste... more This dataset contains the digitized treatments in Plazi based on the original journal article Stephen L. Brusatte, Thomas D. Carr, Thomas E. Williamson, Thomas R. Holtz Jr., David W. E. Hone, Scott A. Williams (2016): Dentary groove morphology does not distinguish ' Nanotyrannus' as a valid taxon of tyrannosauroid dinosaur. Comment on: " Distribution of the dentary groove of theropod dinosaurs: Im ... Cretaceous Research 65: 232-237, DOI: 10.1016/j.cretres.2016.02.007
meter measurements is +/- 4.16 cm. This sections shows siltstones and shaley siltstones that are ... more meter measurements is +/- 4.16 cm. This sections shows siltstones and shaley siltstones that are overlain by coarser siltstones and shales. This represents a lake shore environment (siltstones) that grades into the mouth of a river (coarser siltstones), eventually becoming a deep lake (shales). This lacustrine environment is indicitave of the Gettysburg Formation. The Fulton Site, a recently discovered fossil locality, lies within the Gettysburg Basin in the Newark Supergroup. Though this site has produced several vertebrate and invertebrate trace and body fossils, it has not been correlated stratigraphically. There are currently two leading hypotheses on the lithostratigraphic position of the Fulton Site. The first is that the site is the New Oxford Forma-tion (a fluvial unit), and the second is that it is the Gettysburg Formation (a lacustrine unit). Another issue is of age, which has been confused with lithostratigraphy in the past. The hypotheses that are independently tested in...
Ostracodes were studied from deep Arctic Ocean cores obtained during the Arctic 91 expedition of ... more Ostracodes were studied from deep Arctic Ocean cores obtained during the Arctic 91 expedition of the Polarstern to the Nansen, Amundsen and Makarov Basins, the Lomonosov Ridge, Morris Jesup Rise and Yermak Plateau, in order to investigate their distribution in Arctic Ocean deep water (AODW) and apply these data to paleoceanographic reconstruction of bottom water masses during the Quaternary. Analyses of coretop assemblages from Arctic 91 boxcores indicate the following: ostracodes are common at all depths between 1000 and 4500 m, and species distribution is strongly influenced by water mass characteristics and bathymetry; quantitative analyses comparing Eurasian and Canada Basin assemblages indicate that distinct assemblages inhabit regions east and west of the Lomonosov Ridge, a barrier especially important to species living in lower AODW; deep Eurasian Basin assemblages are more similar to those living in Greenland Sea deep water (GSDW) than those in Canada Basin deep water; two upper AODW assemblages were recognized throughout the Arctic Ocean, one living between 1000 and 1500 m, and the other, having high species diversity, at 1500-3000 m.Downcore quantitative analyses of species' abundances and the squared chord distance coefficient of similarity reveals a distinct series of abundance peaks in key indicator taxa interpreted to signify the following late Quaternary deep water history of the Eurasian Basin. During the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), a GSDW/AODW assemblage, characteristic of cold, well oxygenated deep water > 3000 m today, inhabited the Lomonosov Ridge to depths as shallow as 1000 m, perhaps indicating the influence of GSDW at mid-depths in the central Arctic Ocean. During Termination 1, a period of high organic productivity associated with a strong inflowing warm North Atlantic layer occurred. During the mid-Holocene, several key faunal events indicate a period of warming and/or enhanced flow between the Canada and Eurasian Basins. A long-term record of ostracode assemblages from kastenlot core [...]
The Paleontological Society Special Publications, 1992
It has often been assumed that the intensively studied dinosaur faunal assemblages of western Nor... more It has often been assumed that the intensively studied dinosaur faunal assemblages of western North America and the Gobi Desert of Mongolia and China represent “typical” Late Cretaceous terrestrial vertebrate communities. This assumption has led to a paleoecological scenario in which a global ecological shift occurs from the dominance of high-browsing saurischian (i.e., sauropod) to low-browsing ornithischian (i.e., iguanodontian, marginocephalian, ankylosaurian) herbivore communities. Furthermore, the assumption that the Asiamerican dinosaur faunas are communities “typical” of the Late Cretaceous has forced the conclusion that the sauropod-dominated Argentine population must have been an isolated relict ecosystem of primitive taxa (i.e., titanosaurid sauropods, abelisaurid ceratosaurs). Recent discoveries and reinterpretations of other Late Cretaceous assemblages, however, seriously challenge these assumptions.Paleogeography and paleobiogeography have demonstrated that terrestrial ...
Predatory theropod dinosaurs can usually be identified as such by features of their jaws, teeth, ... more Predatory theropod dinosaurs can usually be identified as such by features of their jaws, teeth, and postcrania, but different clades of these reptiles differed in their adaptations for prey handling. Inferences about theropod diets and hunting behavior based on functional morphology are sometimes supported by evidence from taphonomic associations with likely prey species, bite marks, gut contents, coprolites, and trackways. Very large theropods like Tyrannosaurus are unlikely to have been pure hunters or scavengers, and probably ate whatever meat they could easily obtain, dead or alive. Theropods were not the only dinosaur hunters, though; other kinds of large reptiles undoubtedly fed on dinosaurs as well The taxonomic composition of dinosaurian predator-prey complexes varies as a function of time and geography, but an ecologically remarkable feature of dinosaurian faunas, as compared with terrestrial mammalian faunas, is the very large size commonly attained by both herbivorous an...
Tyrannosaurids are a well-supported clade of very large predatory dinosaurs of Late Cretaceous As... more Tyrannosaurids are a well-supported clade of very large predatory dinosaurs of Late Cretaceous Asiamerica. Traditional dinosaurian systematics place these animals within the infraorder Carnosauria with the other large theropods (allosaurids, megalosaurids). A new cladistic analysis indicates that the tyrannosaurs were in fact derived members of the Coelurosauria, a group of otherwise small theropods. Despite certain gross cranial similarities with the large predators of the Jurassic and Early Cretaceous, the Late Cretaceous tyrannosaurids are shown to be the sister group to ornithomimids and troodontids, which share a derived condition of the metatarsus. This clade is found to be nested within Maniraptora, which is a more inclusive taxon than previously recognized. The atrophied carpal structure found in tyrannosaurids and ornithomimids is derived from a maniraptoran condition with a large semilunate carpal, rather than from the plesiomorphic theropod morphology.The taxa “Carnosauri...
Predator—Prey Interactions in the Fossil Record, 2003
Carnivorous dinosaurs (Theropoda) such as Tyrannosaurus rex, Velociraptor mongoliensis, and Spino... more Carnivorous dinosaurs (Theropoda) such as Tyrannosaurus rex, Velociraptor mongoliensis, and Spinosaurus aegyptiacus are among the most popularly known fossil species and (perhaps together with the felid Smilodon and the synapsid Dimetrodon) represent the public's primary vision of extinct predators. Numerous restorations of theropods engaged in mortal combat with each other or with one of the many clades of herbivorous dinosaurs are among the most common illustrations of life in the ancient past.
A pair of newly discovered 70-million-year-old fossils from Mongolia — including material previou... more A pair of newly discovered 70-million-year-old fossils from Mongolia — including material previously lost to poaching — reveals the true nature of one of the most enigmatic dinosaur species, Deinocheirus mirificus. See Letter p.257 For almost 50 years, the strange theropod dinosaur Deinocheirus mirificus has been regarded as one of the most intriguing puzzles in palaeontology. Known only from two gigantic forelimbs unearthed in Mongolia in 1965, it had been variously described as an ornithomimid, a therizinosaur or a member of a completely new theropod clade. New excavations have now revealed two almost entire skeletons of the creature, enabling Yuong-Nam Lee et al. to offer a detailed picture of D. mirificus. What emerges is a gigantic creature with a duckbill-like skull and a humped back, the largest known member of the ornithomimosaurs, living in a damp environment, with plants and fish as part of the diet of D. mirificus.
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