Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 2007
This paper concerns the relationship between mobility products and services and the propensity to... more This paper concerns the relationship between mobility products and services and the propensity to change travel behavior. In an online panel survey, 501 respondents answered questions about their attitudes toward increasing their use of transit and walking. The questions first established base conditions for variables specified by the theory of planned behavior. Respondents were then exposed to seven products and services. A follow-up set of questions revealed shifts in key attitudes. New products and services may influence the traveler's personal inclination to change modal behavior, belief that a change in modal behavior might be socially acceptable, and belief or self-confidence that he or she can change modal behavior. These three attitudinal categories were examined for four market segments, two more positive and two more negative. The positive segments included the transit loyalists, who were already heavy users of transit, and the environmental mode changers, who were not...
Purpose. To examine the association of personal values, the built environment, and auto availabil... more Purpose. To examine the association of personal values, the built environment, and auto availability with walking for transportation. Setting. Participants were drawn from 11 U.S. metropolitan areas with good transit services. Subjects. 865 adults who had recently made or were contemplating making a residential move. Measures. Respondents reported if walking was their primary mode for nine trip purposes. “Personal values” reflected ratings of 15 variables assessing attitudes about urban and environmental attributes, with high reliability (α = 0.85). Neighborhood form was indicated by a three-item scale. Three binary variables were created to reflect (1) personal values, (2) neighborhood form, and (3) auto availability. Design. The association with walking was reported for each of the three variables, each combination of two variables, and the combination of three variables. An analysis of covariance was applied, and a hierarchic linear regression model was developed. Results. All th...
The vastly higher rate of highway death experienced by rural residents, compared to urban and sub... more The vastly higher rate of highway death experienced by rural residents, compared to urban and suburban residents, could be at least partially explained by the presence of a “rural culture” characterized by bad attitudes towards dangerous driving behaviors. This paper describes the application of a method of behavioral analysis borrowed from the field of market research, designed to apply a statistically-based model to the task of segmenting the driving population based on the similarities of drivers’ attitude and beliefs structures. A survey of over 1,000 residents of Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, New York and Massachusetts was conducted. The purpose of the survey was to study the driving behaviors and attitudes of New England residents. The study explored the frequencies of risky driving behaviors and attitudes to better understand the driving culture of the targeted areas. The work described in this paper used latent class cluster analysis to identify segments of the driving popu...
This paper describes a comprehensive vehicle fleet composition, utilization, and evolution simula... more This paper describes a comprehensive vehicle fleet composition, utilization, and evolution simulator that can be used to forecast household vehicle ownership and mileage by type of vehicle over time. The components of the simulator are developed in this research effort using detailed revealed and stated preference data on household vehicle fleet composition, utilization, and planned transactions collected for a large sample of households in California. Results of the model development effort show that the simulator holds promise as a tool for simulating vehicular choice processes in the context of activity-based travel microsimulation model systems. Paleti, Eluru, Bhat, Pendyala, Adler, and Goulias 1 1.
The numbers and lengths of NJ Transit commuter trains accessing New York's Penn Station are c... more The numbers and lengths of NJ Transit commuter trains accessing New York's Penn Station are currently at the limits of available capacity during peak periods and there are significant numbers of standees during these periods. NJ Transit is planning to purchase multilevel coaches to address this critical passenger capacity issue. This paper describes the results of a study that was undertaken to determine how the multilevel coaches should be designed to both provide the needed additional system capacity and to reflect customers' preferences. The study focused on interior issues including seating configuration and seat design, which are directly related to the amount of seated (and standee) capacity that the coaches will provide. A two-part research approach was used to obtain customer input. First, focus groups and product clinics were conducted to get qualitative feedback on the multilevel coach concepts and on specific seat designs. A detailed computer-based survey was admi...
The structure of ENTRANS, a DYNAMO-based simulation model of the interactions between energy supp... more The structure of ENTRANS, a DYNAMO-based simulation model of the interactions between energy supply and transportation-related energy use, and some of its policy analysis applications are described. ENTRANS includes representation of the characteristics of transportation supply (public transit, highways, and automobiles) and households' travel-related decisions (car type, travel mode, trip length, and frequency). The model is capable of analyzing a wide range of policies designed to change automobile fuel use. The results of several detailed policy analyses are described. These results indicate that automobile fuel-efficiency standards can be both effective and cost efficient and that fixed additions to the gasoline tax can have substantial short-term, but little long-term, impact on fuel use. Overall, the model is a useful step in the development of a comprehensive tool for the analysis of transportation energy policy. Ongoing development will make ENTRANS more useful for speci...
In 2005, Florida’s Turnpike Enterprise began development of a new statewide travel model that cou... more In 2005, Florida’s Turnpike Enterprise began development of a new statewide travel model that could be used to test the feasibility of potential intercity toll facilities that extended beyond the boundaries of available urban and regional travel models. This model was developed around a database framework in which the model components rely directly on databases that are being maintained by a variety of other parties. Given the scale of effort needed to abstract from and integrate these data, the demand model structure was kept simple but designed to incorporate elements that provide the needed functionality: a GIS-based network, a simple travel demand modeling procedure and a simplified but integrated land use model. The model data were integrated in a form that creates back links to the underlying data so that the model can be easily updated as those data are updated. However, special procedures were also developed to track and correct errors and other anomalies that were uncovered...
Direct utility assessment (DUA) is a demand modeling technique based on obtaining responses to a ... more Direct utility assessment (DUA) is a demand modeling technique based on obtaining responses to a series of hypothetical situations that have been constructed using an experimental design. (The technique is also known as conjoint analysis.) The responses to the experiment are analyzed with multiple linear regression and can produce satisfactory models in many cases. It is possible to validate the regression models on actual data, and this second validation step is also discussed in this report. The validation uses a logit framework. This report presents an overview description of the DUA technique and its applications. The report also describes the construction of experimental designs, the development and administration of surveys, and the analysis of survey responses. Appendices A through D provide tables of plans, examples of pretested instruments, and sample programs for data analysis. In summary, the report outlines the fundamental approach to DUA model development. Other chapter...
This paper describes how the majority of studies of air-travel choice behavior make use of Reveal... more This paper describes how the majority of studies of air-travel choice behavior make use of Revealed Preference (RP) data, generally in the form of survey data collected from departing passengers. While the use of RP data has certain philosophical advantages over the use of Stated Preference (SP) data, major issues arise because of the often low quality of the data relating to the unchosen alternatives, in terms of explanatory variables as well as availability. As such, studies using RP survey data often fail to recover a meaningful fare coefficient, and are generally not able to offer a treatment of the effects of airline allegiance. This paper makes use of SP data for airport and airline choice collected in the U.S. in 2001. The analysis retrieves significant effects relating to factors such as airfare, access-time, flight-time and airline and airport allegiance, illustrating the advantages of SP data in this context. Additionally, the analysis explores the use of non-linear transf...
The role of poor assessment of risk by those who undertake risky driving behavior is a key issue ... more The role of poor assessment of risk by those who undertake risky driving behavior is a key issue in the literature, and variation in faulty risk assessment by key demographic groups is a major concern. Faulty judgments about the downside aspects of risky driving behaviors, including denial of danger and even denial of negative experience in being arrested, are more prevalent for the young when compared with the old, and for males when compared with females. More recently, significant differences in the role of denial of risk and consequence have been noted between urban and rural populations; early work suggests that Location is a factor in the explanation of differences in the role of denial of risk for many demographic groups. A new multi-group structural equation model has been developed to explore these questions. Of the demographics tested, significant importance was found for Gender, Location and Income, with particularly interesting interactions noted between Gender and Locat...
This final contractor’s report was prepared as part of Airport Cooperative Research Program (ACRP... more This final contractor’s report was prepared as part of Airport Cooperative Research Program (ACRP) 03-19: Passenger Value of Time, Benefit-Cost Analysis and Airport Capital Investment Decisions. The purpose of this research is to provide an up-to-date understanding of how recent airport developments, such as changes in security measures since 9/11, the proliferation of airside passenger amenities, and the adoption of new technology (e.g., Internet, mobile phone, wireless devices, and portable computers), have changed the way travelers value efficient air travel. Volume 2, the final contractor’s report, defines the components of value of time, discusses data collection and modeling results, and summarizes future research directions. Appendices for this report are published in Volume 3. Appendix A identifies published guidance concerning passenger value of time, benefit-cost analysis and airport capital investment decisions. Literature is reviewed on the following topics: U.S. airport capital investments, benefit-cost analysis (BCA) and other methods for evaluating capital investment decisions, BCA transportation applications, and economic valuation. Appendix B presents screen captures, tabulations, and additional analysis from the stated preference survey that was conducted as part of this study.
239 13 MIXED MODE SURVEYS Jennifer Morris RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, AUSTRALIA and Tom... more 239 13 MIXED MODE SURVEYS Jennifer Morris RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, AUSTRALIA and Tom Adler Resource Systems Group, White River Junction, Vermont, USA INTRODUCTION Concems about compatibility of data derived from different survey instruments are far from ...
Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 2012
In this paper an estimation is made of a joint household-level model of the number of vehicles ow... more In this paper an estimation is made of a joint household-level model of the number of vehicles owned by a household, the vehicle type choice of each vehicle, the annual mileage on each vehicle, and the individual assigned as the primary driver for each vehicle. A version of the proposed model system currently serves as the engine for a household vehicle composition and evolution simulator, which itself has been embedded in the larger Simulator of Activities, Greenhouse Emissions, Energy, Networks, and Travel (SimAGENT), an activity-based travel and emissions forecasting system for the Southern California Association of Governments planning region.
239 13 MIXED MODE SURVEYS Jennifer Morris RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, AUSTRALIA and Tom... more 239 13 MIXED MODE SURVEYS Jennifer Morris RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, AUSTRALIA and Tom Adler Resource Systems Group, White River Junction, Vermont, USA INTRODUCTION Concems about compatibility of data derived from different survey instruments are far from ...
Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 2007
This paper concerns the relationship between mobility products and services and the propensity to... more This paper concerns the relationship between mobility products and services and the propensity to change travel behavior. In an online panel survey, 501 respondents answered questions about their attitudes toward increasing their use of transit and walking. The questions first established base conditions for variables specified by the theory of planned behavior. Respondents were then exposed to seven products and services. A follow-up set of questions revealed shifts in key attitudes. New products and services may influence the traveler's personal inclination to change modal behavior, belief that a change in modal behavior might be socially acceptable, and belief or self-confidence that he or she can change modal behavior. These three attitudinal categories were examined for four market segments, two more positive and two more negative. The positive segments included the transit loyalists, who were already heavy users of transit, and the environmental mode changers, who were not...
Purpose. To examine the association of personal values, the built environment, and auto availabil... more Purpose. To examine the association of personal values, the built environment, and auto availability with walking for transportation. Setting. Participants were drawn from 11 U.S. metropolitan areas with good transit services. Subjects. 865 adults who had recently made or were contemplating making a residential move. Measures. Respondents reported if walking was their primary mode for nine trip purposes. “Personal values” reflected ratings of 15 variables assessing attitudes about urban and environmental attributes, with high reliability (α = 0.85). Neighborhood form was indicated by a three-item scale. Three binary variables were created to reflect (1) personal values, (2) neighborhood form, and (3) auto availability. Design. The association with walking was reported for each of the three variables, each combination of two variables, and the combination of three variables. An analysis of covariance was applied, and a hierarchic linear regression model was developed. Results. All th...
The vastly higher rate of highway death experienced by rural residents, compared to urban and sub... more The vastly higher rate of highway death experienced by rural residents, compared to urban and suburban residents, could be at least partially explained by the presence of a “rural culture” characterized by bad attitudes towards dangerous driving behaviors. This paper describes the application of a method of behavioral analysis borrowed from the field of market research, designed to apply a statistically-based model to the task of segmenting the driving population based on the similarities of drivers’ attitude and beliefs structures. A survey of over 1,000 residents of Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, New York and Massachusetts was conducted. The purpose of the survey was to study the driving behaviors and attitudes of New England residents. The study explored the frequencies of risky driving behaviors and attitudes to better understand the driving culture of the targeted areas. The work described in this paper used latent class cluster analysis to identify segments of the driving popu...
This paper describes a comprehensive vehicle fleet composition, utilization, and evolution simula... more This paper describes a comprehensive vehicle fleet composition, utilization, and evolution simulator that can be used to forecast household vehicle ownership and mileage by type of vehicle over time. The components of the simulator are developed in this research effort using detailed revealed and stated preference data on household vehicle fleet composition, utilization, and planned transactions collected for a large sample of households in California. Results of the model development effort show that the simulator holds promise as a tool for simulating vehicular choice processes in the context of activity-based travel microsimulation model systems. Paleti, Eluru, Bhat, Pendyala, Adler, and Goulias 1 1.
The numbers and lengths of NJ Transit commuter trains accessing New York's Penn Station are c... more The numbers and lengths of NJ Transit commuter trains accessing New York's Penn Station are currently at the limits of available capacity during peak periods and there are significant numbers of standees during these periods. NJ Transit is planning to purchase multilevel coaches to address this critical passenger capacity issue. This paper describes the results of a study that was undertaken to determine how the multilevel coaches should be designed to both provide the needed additional system capacity and to reflect customers' preferences. The study focused on interior issues including seating configuration and seat design, which are directly related to the amount of seated (and standee) capacity that the coaches will provide. A two-part research approach was used to obtain customer input. First, focus groups and product clinics were conducted to get qualitative feedback on the multilevel coach concepts and on specific seat designs. A detailed computer-based survey was admi...
The structure of ENTRANS, a DYNAMO-based simulation model of the interactions between energy supp... more The structure of ENTRANS, a DYNAMO-based simulation model of the interactions between energy supply and transportation-related energy use, and some of its policy analysis applications are described. ENTRANS includes representation of the characteristics of transportation supply (public transit, highways, and automobiles) and households' travel-related decisions (car type, travel mode, trip length, and frequency). The model is capable of analyzing a wide range of policies designed to change automobile fuel use. The results of several detailed policy analyses are described. These results indicate that automobile fuel-efficiency standards can be both effective and cost efficient and that fixed additions to the gasoline tax can have substantial short-term, but little long-term, impact on fuel use. Overall, the model is a useful step in the development of a comprehensive tool for the analysis of transportation energy policy. Ongoing development will make ENTRANS more useful for speci...
In 2005, Florida’s Turnpike Enterprise began development of a new statewide travel model that cou... more In 2005, Florida’s Turnpike Enterprise began development of a new statewide travel model that could be used to test the feasibility of potential intercity toll facilities that extended beyond the boundaries of available urban and regional travel models. This model was developed around a database framework in which the model components rely directly on databases that are being maintained by a variety of other parties. Given the scale of effort needed to abstract from and integrate these data, the demand model structure was kept simple but designed to incorporate elements that provide the needed functionality: a GIS-based network, a simple travel demand modeling procedure and a simplified but integrated land use model. The model data were integrated in a form that creates back links to the underlying data so that the model can be easily updated as those data are updated. However, special procedures were also developed to track and correct errors and other anomalies that were uncovered...
Direct utility assessment (DUA) is a demand modeling technique based on obtaining responses to a ... more Direct utility assessment (DUA) is a demand modeling technique based on obtaining responses to a series of hypothetical situations that have been constructed using an experimental design. (The technique is also known as conjoint analysis.) The responses to the experiment are analyzed with multiple linear regression and can produce satisfactory models in many cases. It is possible to validate the regression models on actual data, and this second validation step is also discussed in this report. The validation uses a logit framework. This report presents an overview description of the DUA technique and its applications. The report also describes the construction of experimental designs, the development and administration of surveys, and the analysis of survey responses. Appendices A through D provide tables of plans, examples of pretested instruments, and sample programs for data analysis. In summary, the report outlines the fundamental approach to DUA model development. Other chapter...
This paper describes how the majority of studies of air-travel choice behavior make use of Reveal... more This paper describes how the majority of studies of air-travel choice behavior make use of Revealed Preference (RP) data, generally in the form of survey data collected from departing passengers. While the use of RP data has certain philosophical advantages over the use of Stated Preference (SP) data, major issues arise because of the often low quality of the data relating to the unchosen alternatives, in terms of explanatory variables as well as availability. As such, studies using RP survey data often fail to recover a meaningful fare coefficient, and are generally not able to offer a treatment of the effects of airline allegiance. This paper makes use of SP data for airport and airline choice collected in the U.S. in 2001. The analysis retrieves significant effects relating to factors such as airfare, access-time, flight-time and airline and airport allegiance, illustrating the advantages of SP data in this context. Additionally, the analysis explores the use of non-linear transf...
The role of poor assessment of risk by those who undertake risky driving behavior is a key issue ... more The role of poor assessment of risk by those who undertake risky driving behavior is a key issue in the literature, and variation in faulty risk assessment by key demographic groups is a major concern. Faulty judgments about the downside aspects of risky driving behaviors, including denial of danger and even denial of negative experience in being arrested, are more prevalent for the young when compared with the old, and for males when compared with females. More recently, significant differences in the role of denial of risk and consequence have been noted between urban and rural populations; early work suggests that Location is a factor in the explanation of differences in the role of denial of risk for many demographic groups. A new multi-group structural equation model has been developed to explore these questions. Of the demographics tested, significant importance was found for Gender, Location and Income, with particularly interesting interactions noted between Gender and Locat...
This final contractor’s report was prepared as part of Airport Cooperative Research Program (ACRP... more This final contractor’s report was prepared as part of Airport Cooperative Research Program (ACRP) 03-19: Passenger Value of Time, Benefit-Cost Analysis and Airport Capital Investment Decisions. The purpose of this research is to provide an up-to-date understanding of how recent airport developments, such as changes in security measures since 9/11, the proliferation of airside passenger amenities, and the adoption of new technology (e.g., Internet, mobile phone, wireless devices, and portable computers), have changed the way travelers value efficient air travel. Volume 2, the final contractor’s report, defines the components of value of time, discusses data collection and modeling results, and summarizes future research directions. Appendices for this report are published in Volume 3. Appendix A identifies published guidance concerning passenger value of time, benefit-cost analysis and airport capital investment decisions. Literature is reviewed on the following topics: U.S. airport capital investments, benefit-cost analysis (BCA) and other methods for evaluating capital investment decisions, BCA transportation applications, and economic valuation. Appendix B presents screen captures, tabulations, and additional analysis from the stated preference survey that was conducted as part of this study.
239 13 MIXED MODE SURVEYS Jennifer Morris RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, AUSTRALIA and Tom... more 239 13 MIXED MODE SURVEYS Jennifer Morris RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, AUSTRALIA and Tom Adler Resource Systems Group, White River Junction, Vermont, USA INTRODUCTION Concems about compatibility of data derived from different survey instruments are far from ...
Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 2012
In this paper an estimation is made of a joint household-level model of the number of vehicles ow... more In this paper an estimation is made of a joint household-level model of the number of vehicles owned by a household, the vehicle type choice of each vehicle, the annual mileage on each vehicle, and the individual assigned as the primary driver for each vehicle. A version of the proposed model system currently serves as the engine for a household vehicle composition and evolution simulator, which itself has been embedded in the larger Simulator of Activities, Greenhouse Emissions, Energy, Networks, and Travel (SimAGENT), an activity-based travel and emissions forecasting system for the Southern California Association of Governments planning region.
239 13 MIXED MODE SURVEYS Jennifer Morris RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, AUSTRALIA and Tom... more 239 13 MIXED MODE SURVEYS Jennifer Morris RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, AUSTRALIA and Tom Adler Resource Systems Group, White River Junction, Vermont, USA INTRODUCTION Concems about compatibility of data derived from different survey instruments are far from ...
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