Kenya’s vulnerability to climate variability and change has been compounded by dependence on rain... more Kenya’s vulnerability to climate variability and change has been compounded by dependence on rain-fed agriculture with constrained capacity to adapt, a rapidly growing population, low-mechanized and low-input smallholder agricultural systems, and compromised soil fertility. The Ukraine war, COVID-19 and the desert locust invasion have only amplified the prevailing sensitivity to shocks in the agriculture sector, creating an emphasis on the need to strengthen local agricultural production to reduce reliance on imports. This paper seeks to assess the opportunities for improving agriculture adaptation and resilience based on future expected changes in climate, length of the growing period and agro-ecologies. The study uses 2020 as the baseline year and explores changes in agro-ecological zones (AEZs) in “near future” 2040 through two representative concentration pathways, 4.5 and 8.5, representing a medium carbon emissions and a dire emissions future, respectively. Google Earth Engine ...
INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL ISSN: 1857-9000 (printed version) EISSN: 1857-9019 (electronic v... more INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL ISSN: 1857-9000 (printed version) EISSN: 1857-9019 (electronic version) UDC: 528:004 Scientific Journal Impact Factor (2016): 4.705 10 June, 2018 Publisher: Geo-SEE Institute, Skopje, Macedonia www.geo-see.org Editor-in-chief: Dr. Bashkim IDRIZI, Mother Teresa University, Skopje, Macedonia Associate editor: Dr. Lyubka PASHOVA, National Institute of Geophysics, Geodesy and Geography - Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria Technical editor: Dr. Subija IZEIROSKI, Geo-SEE Institute, Struga, Macedonia Editorial board: Dr. Temenoujka BANDROVA , University of Architecture, Civil Engineering and Geodesy, Sofia, Bulgaria Dr. Rahmi CELIK, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey Dr. Vlado CETL, Faculty of Geodesy, University of Zagreb, Zagreb Dr. Joep CROMPVOETS, Public Governance Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium Dr. Ferim GASHI, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosova Dr. Mahesh GAUR, Central Arid Zone Research Institute, India Dr. Reiner JAEGER, Karsruhe University of Applied Sciences (HsKA), Karlsruhe, Germany Dr. Ismail KABASHI, Vermessung Angst ZT GmbH, Vienna, Austria Dr. Milan KONECNY, Geography department, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic Dr. Elena KOTEVSKA, Faculty of Technical Sciences, University "St. Kliment Ohridski", Bitola, Macedonia. Dr. Aferdita LASKA-MERKOCI, University of Tirana, Institute of energy water and environment, Tirana, Albania Dr. Bozena LIPEJ, European Faculty of Law, Ljubljana, Slovenia. Dr. Gerhard NAVRATIL, Department of Geodesy and Geoinformation, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria Dr. Pal NIKOLLI, University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania Dr. Gabor REMETEY-FULOPP, Hungarian Association for Geo-Information, Budapest, Hungary Dr. Guenther RETSCHER, Department of Geodesy and Geoinformation, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria Dr. Vladimir S. TIKUNOV, Faculty of Geography, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Rusia Dr. Sasho TRAJANOVSKI, Hydro Biological Institute, Ohrid, Macedonia Dr. E. Lynn USERY, Center of Excellence for Geospatial Information Science, U.S. Geological Survey, Rolla, USA CONTENTS: 1. Data-driven economies in the western Balkans Vlado CETL, Alexander KOTSEV and Jean DUSART 7 2. Spatial planning of the agricultural territories in Bulgaria – how to fill the gap? Milena MOTEVA 22 3. Development of urban (city) tourism in Kosovo Anela DŽOGOVIĆ and Cane KOTESKI 36 4. Issues of cadastral maps updating and accuracy for establishing GIS databases of detailed urban plans Radovan ĐUROVIĆ and Gojko R. NIKOLIĆ 46 5. Mapping the World and Map Creator functions for collection, integration and data visualization Aleksandar TODOROV and Georgi ZHELEZOV 60 6. Level of adaptability of five conic map projection variants on Macedonian national area as state map projection Veton HAMZA 77 7. Assessment of underground mining copper deposit “Bregu i Gështenjës” Skender LIPO and Nevina POLO 89 8. Determining points stability in geodetic control networks using Hannover method Sreten LAZOROSKI 101 9. Precise geodetic measurements on structures of black metallurgy Zlatko BOGDANOVSKI , Zlatko SRBINOSKI , Filip KASAPOVSKI and Tome GEGOVSKI 114 10. Competencies of contemporary surveyor Bashkim IDRIZI 125
Abstract In some parts of the world, mainly developing countries, analogue graphical cadastral da... more Abstract In some parts of the world, mainly developing countries, analogue graphical cadastral datasets are still being used, despite the fact that they usually contain large and differential positional distortions. This is because not only do they contain useful information, their replacement would involve lengthy legal procedures, huge financial costs and technical challenges as well. This paper presents a novel approach for the conflation of such legacy graphical cadastral datasets to more reliable and accurate topographical datasets based on the matching of linear features via a non-rigid transformation using thin plate spline transformation. The approach consists of three key steps: extraction of road network which is potentially contained in the graphical cadastral maps; matching of corresponding point and linear features between the extracted road network and a more reliable road network dataset; and computation of the non-rigid transformation between the datasets. Applying this reliable and accurate transformation quantification to the original legacy graphical cadastral dataset showed significant improvement in its geometric quality and positional accuracy.
... are to date less than 100 GIS installations in Kenya [14], the human resource pool available ... more ... are to date less than 100 GIS installations in Kenya [14], the human resource pool available ... Human Resources Issues in the Emerging GDI Environment, Geospatial Data Infrastructure: Concepts, Cases ... Computer Society of Kenya, Quarterly Report of the Kenyan ICT Sector, http ...
The accelerated exploration of sub-surface mineral resources across much of Africa has created th... more The accelerated exploration of sub-surface mineral resources across much of Africa has created the need for proper administration of sub-surface land rights. The trend world-wide is a separate cadastre for mining. The reasons advanced for this separation are: the relatively short-term (issued as leases) nature of the mining rights, the mining laws relate exclusively to the right of exploiting minerals and are not modifying the property right; the boundaries of these rights are not linked to the limits of the "property" rights; the need for independence of decision regarding minerals and mining. The link between the mining and surface property cadastre is established during the application process of the mining license, the consent from the owners of the surface land rights is required. The land in question is then identified in relation to the cadastral coordinates defining the mineral right area and this information is kept in the mining cadastre.
An approach to estimate the positional accuracy of a cadastral dataset derived from uncontrolled ... more An approach to estimate the positional accuracy of a cadastral dataset derived from uncontrolled and unrectified aerial photography is presented. The approach is based on the knowledge of the process steps used to develop the dataset together with the related errors, with the error due to relief displacement considered the most important. A simple example of the approach using constant width buffer is shown. Further work involves investigating the generation of variable buffers and their effectiveness in geometric feature matching.
An approach to estimate the positional accuracy of a cadastral dataset derived from uncontrolled ... more An approach to estimate the positional accuracy of a cadastral dataset derived from uncontrolled and unrectified aerial photography is presented. The approach is based on the knowledge of the process steps used to develop the dataset together with the related errors, with the error due to relief displacement considered the most important. A simple example of the approach using constant width buffer is shown. Further work involves investigating the generation of variable buffers and their effectiveness in geometric feature matching.
While Spatial Data Infrastructures (SDI) play a much broader role than supporting land administra... more While Spatial Data Infrastructures (SDI) play a much broader role than supporting land administration, land administration is considered a key driver in SDI evolution. However, in most cases the development of SDI is not aligned with the development of land administration and management systems. In order to determine how to mainstream SDI in land administration, a framework for the integration is required, so as to exploit the potential benefits of SDI in supporting more effective and efficient land administration. This study identifies opportunity areas in land administration systems where SDI would play an important role and highlights the particular SDI elements that would be considered and how they need to be structured / implemented in the context of land administration systems. The elements include: the recognition of SDI in supporting land administration; the development of infrastructures versus business systems; the role of parcel layer in SDI and the hierarchy and dynamic ...
An approach to align a linear feature in one dataset with a corresponding feature in another data... more An approach to align a linear feature in one dataset with a corresponding feature in another dataset that is considered more accurate is presented. The approach is based on the active contours (snake) concept, but implements the external force as a vector potential field in which case the source of the force is in vector form; further the snake feature is implemented as a non-closed snake. This is different from the conventional implementation of the snake, where the source of the external force is an image and the force is implemented as a gradient flow and usually as a closed snake. In this approach two conditions: the length and alignment conditions have to be satisfied to obtain a good alignment. Whereas the length condition ensures that the length of the snake feature is nearly equal that of the reference feature, the alignment condition requires that the snake and the reference feature are properly aligned. The length condition is achieved by fixing the end points of the snake...
SUMMARY The application of computer technology in land administration is touted as one way of ens... more SUMMARY The application of computer technology in land administration is touted as one way of ensuring efficient and transparent land administration. Although this true, one major concern is not only how to create a computerized land information system that is interoperable across different government departments responsible for different land administration functions, but also how to ensure interoperability between national and devolved levels of government departments responsible for land administration. This dual challenge of interoperability can only be addressed if the land information systems are based on a common data model. Data modeling can be done from scratch or adopting an already existing model. Adoption is better than the re-inventing the wheel, the danger though is that the already existing model might not be suitable for local circumstances. It is against this background that this paper sets the stage for creating a profile of the ISO 19152 -LADM standard for Kenya. ...
The Eastern Africa Land Administration Network (EALAN) has since 2006 been collaborating with the... more The Eastern Africa Land Administration Network (EALAN) has since 2006 been collaborating with the view to support the development of education, short courses for land professionals and research. The network, currently constitutes 13 member institutions in the eastern Africa region. The purpose of this study is to present the establishment, activities and the results of the Consortium on Strengthening the Eastern Africa Land Administration Network (SEALAN), a project funded by the Netherlands Initiative for Capacity development in Higher Education. The four year project concluded in January 2020. This study draws on the results from the projects’ four work packages (WP) i.e. i) the Network and Secretariat WP ii) Short courses WP; iii) Education WP and iv) Research WP. The study reports on processes, achievements, innovations, challenges/limitations and opportunities or spin offs along each work package. This study suggests that such inter-university networks could play a major role i...
Kenya’s vulnerability to climate variability and change has been compounded by dependence on rain... more Kenya’s vulnerability to climate variability and change has been compounded by dependence on rain-fed agriculture with constrained capacity to adapt, a rapidly growing population, low-mechanized and low-input smallholder agricultural systems, and compromised soil fertility. The Ukraine war, COVID-19 and the desert locust invasion have only amplified the prevailing sensitivity to shocks in the agriculture sector, creating an emphasis on the need to strengthen local agricultural production to reduce reliance on imports. This paper seeks to assess the opportunities for improving agriculture adaptation and resilience based on future expected changes in climate, length of the growing period and agro-ecologies. The study uses 2020 as the baseline year and explores changes in agro-ecological zones (AEZs) in “near future” 2040 through two representative concentration pathways, 4.5 and 8.5, representing a medium carbon emissions and a dire emissions future, respectively. Google Earth Engine ...
INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL ISSN: 1857-9000 (printed version) EISSN: 1857-9019 (electronic v... more INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL ISSN: 1857-9000 (printed version) EISSN: 1857-9019 (electronic version) UDC: 528:004 Scientific Journal Impact Factor (2016): 4.705 10 June, 2018 Publisher: Geo-SEE Institute, Skopje, Macedonia www.geo-see.org Editor-in-chief: Dr. Bashkim IDRIZI, Mother Teresa University, Skopje, Macedonia Associate editor: Dr. Lyubka PASHOVA, National Institute of Geophysics, Geodesy and Geography - Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria Technical editor: Dr. Subija IZEIROSKI, Geo-SEE Institute, Struga, Macedonia Editorial board: Dr. Temenoujka BANDROVA , University of Architecture, Civil Engineering and Geodesy, Sofia, Bulgaria Dr. Rahmi CELIK, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey Dr. Vlado CETL, Faculty of Geodesy, University of Zagreb, Zagreb Dr. Joep CROMPVOETS, Public Governance Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium Dr. Ferim GASHI, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosova Dr. Mahesh GAUR, Central Arid Zone Research Institute, India Dr. Reiner JAEGER, Karsruhe University of Applied Sciences (HsKA), Karlsruhe, Germany Dr. Ismail KABASHI, Vermessung Angst ZT GmbH, Vienna, Austria Dr. Milan KONECNY, Geography department, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic Dr. Elena KOTEVSKA, Faculty of Technical Sciences, University "St. Kliment Ohridski", Bitola, Macedonia. Dr. Aferdita LASKA-MERKOCI, University of Tirana, Institute of energy water and environment, Tirana, Albania Dr. Bozena LIPEJ, European Faculty of Law, Ljubljana, Slovenia. Dr. Gerhard NAVRATIL, Department of Geodesy and Geoinformation, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria Dr. Pal NIKOLLI, University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania Dr. Gabor REMETEY-FULOPP, Hungarian Association for Geo-Information, Budapest, Hungary Dr. Guenther RETSCHER, Department of Geodesy and Geoinformation, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria Dr. Vladimir S. TIKUNOV, Faculty of Geography, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Rusia Dr. Sasho TRAJANOVSKI, Hydro Biological Institute, Ohrid, Macedonia Dr. E. Lynn USERY, Center of Excellence for Geospatial Information Science, U.S. Geological Survey, Rolla, USA CONTENTS: 1. Data-driven economies in the western Balkans Vlado CETL, Alexander KOTSEV and Jean DUSART 7 2. Spatial planning of the agricultural territories in Bulgaria – how to fill the gap? Milena MOTEVA 22 3. Development of urban (city) tourism in Kosovo Anela DŽOGOVIĆ and Cane KOTESKI 36 4. Issues of cadastral maps updating and accuracy for establishing GIS databases of detailed urban plans Radovan ĐUROVIĆ and Gojko R. NIKOLIĆ 46 5. Mapping the World and Map Creator functions for collection, integration and data visualization Aleksandar TODOROV and Georgi ZHELEZOV 60 6. Level of adaptability of five conic map projection variants on Macedonian national area as state map projection Veton HAMZA 77 7. Assessment of underground mining copper deposit “Bregu i Gështenjës” Skender LIPO and Nevina POLO 89 8. Determining points stability in geodetic control networks using Hannover method Sreten LAZOROSKI 101 9. Precise geodetic measurements on structures of black metallurgy Zlatko BOGDANOVSKI , Zlatko SRBINOSKI , Filip KASAPOVSKI and Tome GEGOVSKI 114 10. Competencies of contemporary surveyor Bashkim IDRIZI 125
Abstract In some parts of the world, mainly developing countries, analogue graphical cadastral da... more Abstract In some parts of the world, mainly developing countries, analogue graphical cadastral datasets are still being used, despite the fact that they usually contain large and differential positional distortions. This is because not only do they contain useful information, their replacement would involve lengthy legal procedures, huge financial costs and technical challenges as well. This paper presents a novel approach for the conflation of such legacy graphical cadastral datasets to more reliable and accurate topographical datasets based on the matching of linear features via a non-rigid transformation using thin plate spline transformation. The approach consists of three key steps: extraction of road network which is potentially contained in the graphical cadastral maps; matching of corresponding point and linear features between the extracted road network and a more reliable road network dataset; and computation of the non-rigid transformation between the datasets. Applying this reliable and accurate transformation quantification to the original legacy graphical cadastral dataset showed significant improvement in its geometric quality and positional accuracy.
... are to date less than 100 GIS installations in Kenya [14], the human resource pool available ... more ... are to date less than 100 GIS installations in Kenya [14], the human resource pool available ... Human Resources Issues in the Emerging GDI Environment, Geospatial Data Infrastructure: Concepts, Cases ... Computer Society of Kenya, Quarterly Report of the Kenyan ICT Sector, http ...
The accelerated exploration of sub-surface mineral resources across much of Africa has created th... more The accelerated exploration of sub-surface mineral resources across much of Africa has created the need for proper administration of sub-surface land rights. The trend world-wide is a separate cadastre for mining. The reasons advanced for this separation are: the relatively short-term (issued as leases) nature of the mining rights, the mining laws relate exclusively to the right of exploiting minerals and are not modifying the property right; the boundaries of these rights are not linked to the limits of the "property" rights; the need for independence of decision regarding minerals and mining. The link between the mining and surface property cadastre is established during the application process of the mining license, the consent from the owners of the surface land rights is required. The land in question is then identified in relation to the cadastral coordinates defining the mineral right area and this information is kept in the mining cadastre.
An approach to estimate the positional accuracy of a cadastral dataset derived from uncontrolled ... more An approach to estimate the positional accuracy of a cadastral dataset derived from uncontrolled and unrectified aerial photography is presented. The approach is based on the knowledge of the process steps used to develop the dataset together with the related errors, with the error due to relief displacement considered the most important. A simple example of the approach using constant width buffer is shown. Further work involves investigating the generation of variable buffers and their effectiveness in geometric feature matching.
An approach to estimate the positional accuracy of a cadastral dataset derived from uncontrolled ... more An approach to estimate the positional accuracy of a cadastral dataset derived from uncontrolled and unrectified aerial photography is presented. The approach is based on the knowledge of the process steps used to develop the dataset together with the related errors, with the error due to relief displacement considered the most important. A simple example of the approach using constant width buffer is shown. Further work involves investigating the generation of variable buffers and their effectiveness in geometric feature matching.
While Spatial Data Infrastructures (SDI) play a much broader role than supporting land administra... more While Spatial Data Infrastructures (SDI) play a much broader role than supporting land administration, land administration is considered a key driver in SDI evolution. However, in most cases the development of SDI is not aligned with the development of land administration and management systems. In order to determine how to mainstream SDI in land administration, a framework for the integration is required, so as to exploit the potential benefits of SDI in supporting more effective and efficient land administration. This study identifies opportunity areas in land administration systems where SDI would play an important role and highlights the particular SDI elements that would be considered and how they need to be structured / implemented in the context of land administration systems. The elements include: the recognition of SDI in supporting land administration; the development of infrastructures versus business systems; the role of parcel layer in SDI and the hierarchy and dynamic ...
An approach to align a linear feature in one dataset with a corresponding feature in another data... more An approach to align a linear feature in one dataset with a corresponding feature in another dataset that is considered more accurate is presented. The approach is based on the active contours (snake) concept, but implements the external force as a vector potential field in which case the source of the force is in vector form; further the snake feature is implemented as a non-closed snake. This is different from the conventional implementation of the snake, where the source of the external force is an image and the force is implemented as a gradient flow and usually as a closed snake. In this approach two conditions: the length and alignment conditions have to be satisfied to obtain a good alignment. Whereas the length condition ensures that the length of the snake feature is nearly equal that of the reference feature, the alignment condition requires that the snake and the reference feature are properly aligned. The length condition is achieved by fixing the end points of the snake...
SUMMARY The application of computer technology in land administration is touted as one way of ens... more SUMMARY The application of computer technology in land administration is touted as one way of ensuring efficient and transparent land administration. Although this true, one major concern is not only how to create a computerized land information system that is interoperable across different government departments responsible for different land administration functions, but also how to ensure interoperability between national and devolved levels of government departments responsible for land administration. This dual challenge of interoperability can only be addressed if the land information systems are based on a common data model. Data modeling can be done from scratch or adopting an already existing model. Adoption is better than the re-inventing the wheel, the danger though is that the already existing model might not be suitable for local circumstances. It is against this background that this paper sets the stage for creating a profile of the ISO 19152 -LADM standard for Kenya. ...
The Eastern Africa Land Administration Network (EALAN) has since 2006 been collaborating with the... more The Eastern Africa Land Administration Network (EALAN) has since 2006 been collaborating with the view to support the development of education, short courses for land professionals and research. The network, currently constitutes 13 member institutions in the eastern Africa region. The purpose of this study is to present the establishment, activities and the results of the Consortium on Strengthening the Eastern Africa Land Administration Network (SEALAN), a project funded by the Netherlands Initiative for Capacity development in Higher Education. The four year project concluded in January 2020. This study draws on the results from the projects’ four work packages (WP) i.e. i) the Network and Secretariat WP ii) Short courses WP; iii) Education WP and iv) Research WP. The study reports on processes, achievements, innovations, challenges/limitations and opportunities or spin offs along each work package. This study suggests that such inter-university networks could play a major role i...
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