The Indonesian government is incorporating Low-Carbon Development (LCD) into its National Medium-... more The Indonesian government is incorporating Low-Carbon Development (LCD) into its National Medium-Term Development Plan 2020-2024. In the future, the energy sector will become the largest carbon emitter unless the government commits to dissolving barriers to renewable energy expansion. This research aims to examine the barriers that hinder the implementation of LCD in Indonesia and to analyze which barriers are most significant. The novelty of this study is in developing a mixed method approach. This approach is more effective in explaining the results that have not been completely revealed from previous studies. Barriers to LCD was decomposed into socio-cultural, economic, technology, and governance. This study indicates that among those four dimensions, technological and governance barriers have significant and direct effects on LCD, while socio-cultural and economic barriers have no significant effect in Indonesia. However, economic barriers can act as an intervening variable, facilitating the indirect effects of technological and governance barriers on renewable energy development. Resolving major issues, including sectoral ego among government institutions, lack of smart grid infrastructure, and limited numbers of skilled workers and investors in renewable energy projects, should be a top priority if LCD implementation is to succeed.
This paper has two objectives. The fi rst is to re-investigate the relations between economic gro... more This paper has two objectives. The fi rst is to re-investigate the relations between economic growth and energy consumption in Indonesia. The second is to analyse the consistency between several econometric techniques in explaining the causality test. This paper is different from previous studies in fi ve ways. First, we expanded the time period of analysis. Second, we applied Bayesian techniques to obtain the third variable for trivariate analysis. Third, we applied bivariate and trivariate causality analysis. Fourth, we conducted the Hodrick-Prescott (HP) fi lter technique and applied the causality test on the cyclical components. Finally, we conducted variance decomposition analysis. Although the Bayesian analysis showed that energy consumption is a good explanatory variable for economic growth, and vice versa, we did not fi nd any short-run and long-run relations in the cases of bivariate and trivariate analysis. Variance decomposition analysis also supported no causal relation,...
This paper investigates quantitatively the effect of rapid economic growth and total primary ener... more This paper investigates quantitatively the effect of rapid economic growth and total primary energy supply on the carbon dioxide (CO 2) emission profi les in China, India, and Indonesia. This paper also attempts to evaluate NAMA (National Appropriate Mitigation Action) targets with respect to carbon intensity in 2020. We observe that rapid economic growth is fuelled from high carbon intensity sources. Growth analysis indicates that only in China growth GDP is higher than the growth of CO 2 emissions, and there is also a reduction in CO 2-GDP intensity. Only in China it is possible to achieve the goal for CO 2-GDP intensity by 2020, and for Indonesia we fi nd that CO 2-GDP intensity will continue to grow. However, if India can maintain its economic growth above 6 per cent, it will be able to meet the emissions reduction goal. Currently, in China and India, managing CO 2 emissions from a wide-economy sector will have a bigger effect in mitigating CO 2 emissions, but in Indonesia, meas...
ABSTRACTThe creative economy is expected to be increasingly able to improve the quality of nation... more ABSTRACTThe creative economy is expected to be increasingly able to improve the quality of national economic development. The publishing sector which is one of 16 (sixteen) creative industry fields is expected to play a more important role to educate people. Thus, it is necessary to develop supporting publishing industry in Indonesia. This article is intended to answer the following five issues: (i) how are the developments, obstacles, opportunities and challenges in the publishing activities? (ii) what is the value chain of publishing business, and how is the tax policy in each chain? (iii) how should tax book publishing incentives be provided? (iv) what is the impact of providing tax incentives on the prospects of a publishing business? (v) how can the provision of tax incentives encourage the development of the publishing sector and the competitiveness of its industry? This study uses a mixed method approach and information deepening is carried out in 7 provinces in Indonesia. Th...
Indonesia-China Energy and Mineral Ties Broaden, 2015
Bilateral energy cooperation between China and Indonesia is not new. It can be traced back to the... more Bilateral energy cooperation between China and Indonesia is not new. It can be traced back to the 1980s. Although the share of Chinese overseas oil and gas upstream acquisitions in Indonesia and the inflow of investment from China were minor, China's recent investment flow to Indonesia's mining sector has been increasing rapidly. The reason for the increase of China's FDI in the mining sector is mainly China's increased demand for coal. Indonesia-China energy cooperation is far from smooth. Public debate over the their energy trading agreement arose in 2009. The other concern is the increasing trade deficit with China. Among the ASEAN countries, Indonesia had the highest trade deficit with China after Vietnam. Rising fears that this widening trade gap might affect its national economic security have stirred debates over how Indonesian industries can remain competitive as the country seeks improved trade ties with Beijing, and in turn, this has aroused domestic economic and resource nationalism. Based on mutual need and benefit, the relationship between Indonesia and China is likely to become stronger and to grow in the future. Viewed through China's lens, Indonesia's bountiful mineral wealth has elevated relations between Jakarta and Beijing to a position of strategic importance.
economic development must be sustainable. Indonesia needs to develop a resilient, sustainable, an... more economic development must be sustainable. Indonesia needs to develop a resilient, sustainable, and prosperous society. Indonesia and Japan should consider three global commitments or pillars: the Sustainable Development Goals, the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction, and climate change adaptation and mitigation. This section explores the key elements of future challenges: strengthening resilience to natural disasters, tackling climate change, and managing natural resources.
This paper aims to analyze the condition of Indonesian comparative advantage, based on internal a... more This paper aims to analyze the condition of Indonesian comparative advantage, based on internal and external factors analysis. Based on selected industries namely synthetic fiber, pulp and paper, travel goods and photographic and field research from five provinces, there are some lessons need to be done by government. There are three major findings from this study. First, there is no improvement in competitiveness without increasing value added and productivity. Second, high local content will help the industries to gain competitiveness. Third, currently, contribution of total factor productivity and labor productivity are quite low for enhancing competitiveness. The study suggests government needs to develop up stream industries for supporting downstream industries. Further, promoting good and clean governance need to be part of microeconomic reform.
Analisis sektor industri manufaktur lebih banyak fokus pada evaluasi aspek ekonomi, seperti outpu... more Analisis sektor industri manufaktur lebih banyak fokus pada evaluasi aspek ekonomi, seperti output, nilai tambah, dan kesempatan kerja, namun tidak banyak studi yang secara simultan mencoba untuk mengombinasikan aspek konsumsi energi dan emisi gas karbon dioksida (CO2) di dalam analisis. Kami mengaplikasikan teori grafik ( graph theory) untuk memilih industri dominan. Namun, tidak ada satupun industri yang mendominasi semua kriteria. Hasil ini menunjukan bahwa pro-pertumbuhan tidaklah harus sama dengan pro-lingkungan hidup, bahkan kedua kriteria tersebut dapat saling bertengtangan satu dengan lainnya. Kami berargumentasi bahwa perbedaan dalam hal karakteristik industri menjadi penting diperhatikan dalam menilai kinerja industri. Akhirnya, dalam konsteks intervensi kebijakan, kami menyarankan pemerintah perlu menyiapakan indikator intensitas dan membangun kerangka kebijakan yang lebih menyeluruh untuk memacu efisiensi energi.
Dalam kondisi Wabah Covid-19 yang masih kita hadapi, diperlukan cara pandang yang semakin holisti... more Dalam kondisi Wabah Covid-19 yang masih kita hadapi, diperlukan cara pandang yang semakin holistik dan integratif dalam mencermati setiap persoalan ekonomi. Kegagalan dalam mencermati akar persoalan ekonomi sangat berpotensi membawa perekonomian dalam situasi resesi yang berkepanjangan. Dalam situasi ketidakpastian yang tinggi dan masalah informasi asimetris, kendala terbesar yang dihadapi setiap pembuat kebijakan adalah besarnya risiko kegagalan dalam memformulasikan resep kebijakan yang sesuai (goverment failure). Permasalahan akan semakin kompleks bila termanifestasikan pada kegagalan pembuat kebijakan di tingkat korporasi. Buku ini dapat memberikan inspirasi bagi para pembaca dan juga pengambil kebijakan dalam melakukan penataan pembangunan di era ‘new normal’.
Access to electricity is one of the basic preconditions for an improved quality of life and a mor... more Access to electricity is one of the basic preconditions for an improved quality of life and a more competitive economy in any society and any nation. No country in this world has ever reached high levels of development and well-being without adequate and sustainable access to electricity for its people. Economic growth will lead to higher energy demand and accelerate urbanization needs to be responded by modern energy supply. Thus, energy demand will continue to grow and almost two-thirds are driven by developing economies in the Asia—Pacific region.
Energy poverty, especially electricity, is a development challenge that requires an immediate sol... more Energy poverty, especially electricity, is a development challenge that requires an immediate solution. In 2019, more than 810,148 households in Indonesia, did not have access on electricity and 2,283,581 households having electricity, but not from PLN.
The lack of electricity access in Eastern Indonesia is one of the main problems in this country. ... more The lack of electricity access in Eastern Indonesia is one of the main problems in this country. The case of Manggarai District, which is about three hours driving to the east of Labuan Bajo, is clear evidence.
Land and forest fires and haze have become one of the biggest environmental challenges in the ASE... more Land and forest fires and haze have become one of the biggest environmental challenges in the ASEAN region. Indonesia has become the major source of transboundary haze in the region. By mid-September 2014, Indonesia had ratified the ASEAN Agreement on Transboundary Haze Pollution (AATHP). This paper makes two major contributions: first, the paper quantitatively revisits the causes of hotspots in Indonesia; and second, the paper identifies and discusses the national efforts that have been made and policy handicaps that need to be removed. The government needs to focus on rehabilitating critical land, promoting reforestation, and protecting peatland ecosystems. Although there is a trend for the number of hotspots to decline, there are no guarantees that transboundary haze can be eliminated. There is hope that by ratifying the AATHP, Indonesia can have better resources to conduct preventive, mitigating and monitoring activities, but there is a need to develop streamlined coordination, ...
The Indonesian government is incorporating Low-Carbon Development (LCD) into its National Medium-... more The Indonesian government is incorporating Low-Carbon Development (LCD) into its National Medium-Term Development Plan 2020-2024. In the future, the energy sector will become the largest carbon emitter unless the government commits to dissolving barriers to renewable energy expansion. This research aims to examine the barriers that hinder the implementation of LCD in Indonesia and to analyze which barriers are most significant. The novelty of this study is in developing a mixed method approach. This approach is more effective in explaining the results that have not been completely revealed from previous studies. Barriers to LCD was decomposed into socio-cultural, economic, technology, and governance. This study indicates that among those four dimensions, technological and governance barriers have significant and direct effects on LCD, while socio-cultural and economic barriers have no significant effect in Indonesia. However, economic barriers can act as an intervening variable, facilitating the indirect effects of technological and governance barriers on renewable energy development. Resolving major issues, including sectoral ego among government institutions, lack of smart grid infrastructure, and limited numbers of skilled workers and investors in renewable energy projects, should be a top priority if LCD implementation is to succeed.
This paper has two objectives. The fi rst is to re-investigate the relations between economic gro... more This paper has two objectives. The fi rst is to re-investigate the relations between economic growth and energy consumption in Indonesia. The second is to analyse the consistency between several econometric techniques in explaining the causality test. This paper is different from previous studies in fi ve ways. First, we expanded the time period of analysis. Second, we applied Bayesian techniques to obtain the third variable for trivariate analysis. Third, we applied bivariate and trivariate causality analysis. Fourth, we conducted the Hodrick-Prescott (HP) fi lter technique and applied the causality test on the cyclical components. Finally, we conducted variance decomposition analysis. Although the Bayesian analysis showed that energy consumption is a good explanatory variable for economic growth, and vice versa, we did not fi nd any short-run and long-run relations in the cases of bivariate and trivariate analysis. Variance decomposition analysis also supported no causal relation,...
This paper investigates quantitatively the effect of rapid economic growth and total primary ener... more This paper investigates quantitatively the effect of rapid economic growth and total primary energy supply on the carbon dioxide (CO 2) emission profi les in China, India, and Indonesia. This paper also attempts to evaluate NAMA (National Appropriate Mitigation Action) targets with respect to carbon intensity in 2020. We observe that rapid economic growth is fuelled from high carbon intensity sources. Growth analysis indicates that only in China growth GDP is higher than the growth of CO 2 emissions, and there is also a reduction in CO 2-GDP intensity. Only in China it is possible to achieve the goal for CO 2-GDP intensity by 2020, and for Indonesia we fi nd that CO 2-GDP intensity will continue to grow. However, if India can maintain its economic growth above 6 per cent, it will be able to meet the emissions reduction goal. Currently, in China and India, managing CO 2 emissions from a wide-economy sector will have a bigger effect in mitigating CO 2 emissions, but in Indonesia, meas...
ABSTRACTThe creative economy is expected to be increasingly able to improve the quality of nation... more ABSTRACTThe creative economy is expected to be increasingly able to improve the quality of national economic development. The publishing sector which is one of 16 (sixteen) creative industry fields is expected to play a more important role to educate people. Thus, it is necessary to develop supporting publishing industry in Indonesia. This article is intended to answer the following five issues: (i) how are the developments, obstacles, opportunities and challenges in the publishing activities? (ii) what is the value chain of publishing business, and how is the tax policy in each chain? (iii) how should tax book publishing incentives be provided? (iv) what is the impact of providing tax incentives on the prospects of a publishing business? (v) how can the provision of tax incentives encourage the development of the publishing sector and the competitiveness of its industry? This study uses a mixed method approach and information deepening is carried out in 7 provinces in Indonesia. Th...
Indonesia-China Energy and Mineral Ties Broaden, 2015
Bilateral energy cooperation between China and Indonesia is not new. It can be traced back to the... more Bilateral energy cooperation between China and Indonesia is not new. It can be traced back to the 1980s. Although the share of Chinese overseas oil and gas upstream acquisitions in Indonesia and the inflow of investment from China were minor, China's recent investment flow to Indonesia's mining sector has been increasing rapidly. The reason for the increase of China's FDI in the mining sector is mainly China's increased demand for coal. Indonesia-China energy cooperation is far from smooth. Public debate over the their energy trading agreement arose in 2009. The other concern is the increasing trade deficit with China. Among the ASEAN countries, Indonesia had the highest trade deficit with China after Vietnam. Rising fears that this widening trade gap might affect its national economic security have stirred debates over how Indonesian industries can remain competitive as the country seeks improved trade ties with Beijing, and in turn, this has aroused domestic economic and resource nationalism. Based on mutual need and benefit, the relationship between Indonesia and China is likely to become stronger and to grow in the future. Viewed through China's lens, Indonesia's bountiful mineral wealth has elevated relations between Jakarta and Beijing to a position of strategic importance.
economic development must be sustainable. Indonesia needs to develop a resilient, sustainable, an... more economic development must be sustainable. Indonesia needs to develop a resilient, sustainable, and prosperous society. Indonesia and Japan should consider three global commitments or pillars: the Sustainable Development Goals, the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction, and climate change adaptation and mitigation. This section explores the key elements of future challenges: strengthening resilience to natural disasters, tackling climate change, and managing natural resources.
This paper aims to analyze the condition of Indonesian comparative advantage, based on internal a... more This paper aims to analyze the condition of Indonesian comparative advantage, based on internal and external factors analysis. Based on selected industries namely synthetic fiber, pulp and paper, travel goods and photographic and field research from five provinces, there are some lessons need to be done by government. There are three major findings from this study. First, there is no improvement in competitiveness without increasing value added and productivity. Second, high local content will help the industries to gain competitiveness. Third, currently, contribution of total factor productivity and labor productivity are quite low for enhancing competitiveness. The study suggests government needs to develop up stream industries for supporting downstream industries. Further, promoting good and clean governance need to be part of microeconomic reform.
Analisis sektor industri manufaktur lebih banyak fokus pada evaluasi aspek ekonomi, seperti outpu... more Analisis sektor industri manufaktur lebih banyak fokus pada evaluasi aspek ekonomi, seperti output, nilai tambah, dan kesempatan kerja, namun tidak banyak studi yang secara simultan mencoba untuk mengombinasikan aspek konsumsi energi dan emisi gas karbon dioksida (CO2) di dalam analisis. Kami mengaplikasikan teori grafik ( graph theory) untuk memilih industri dominan. Namun, tidak ada satupun industri yang mendominasi semua kriteria. Hasil ini menunjukan bahwa pro-pertumbuhan tidaklah harus sama dengan pro-lingkungan hidup, bahkan kedua kriteria tersebut dapat saling bertengtangan satu dengan lainnya. Kami berargumentasi bahwa perbedaan dalam hal karakteristik industri menjadi penting diperhatikan dalam menilai kinerja industri. Akhirnya, dalam konsteks intervensi kebijakan, kami menyarankan pemerintah perlu menyiapakan indikator intensitas dan membangun kerangka kebijakan yang lebih menyeluruh untuk memacu efisiensi energi.
Dalam kondisi Wabah Covid-19 yang masih kita hadapi, diperlukan cara pandang yang semakin holisti... more Dalam kondisi Wabah Covid-19 yang masih kita hadapi, diperlukan cara pandang yang semakin holistik dan integratif dalam mencermati setiap persoalan ekonomi. Kegagalan dalam mencermati akar persoalan ekonomi sangat berpotensi membawa perekonomian dalam situasi resesi yang berkepanjangan. Dalam situasi ketidakpastian yang tinggi dan masalah informasi asimetris, kendala terbesar yang dihadapi setiap pembuat kebijakan adalah besarnya risiko kegagalan dalam memformulasikan resep kebijakan yang sesuai (goverment failure). Permasalahan akan semakin kompleks bila termanifestasikan pada kegagalan pembuat kebijakan di tingkat korporasi. Buku ini dapat memberikan inspirasi bagi para pembaca dan juga pengambil kebijakan dalam melakukan penataan pembangunan di era ‘new normal’.
Access to electricity is one of the basic preconditions for an improved quality of life and a mor... more Access to electricity is one of the basic preconditions for an improved quality of life and a more competitive economy in any society and any nation. No country in this world has ever reached high levels of development and well-being without adequate and sustainable access to electricity for its people. Economic growth will lead to higher energy demand and accelerate urbanization needs to be responded by modern energy supply. Thus, energy demand will continue to grow and almost two-thirds are driven by developing economies in the Asia—Pacific region.
Energy poverty, especially electricity, is a development challenge that requires an immediate sol... more Energy poverty, especially electricity, is a development challenge that requires an immediate solution. In 2019, more than 810,148 households in Indonesia, did not have access on electricity and 2,283,581 households having electricity, but not from PLN.
The lack of electricity access in Eastern Indonesia is one of the main problems in this country. ... more The lack of electricity access in Eastern Indonesia is one of the main problems in this country. The case of Manggarai District, which is about three hours driving to the east of Labuan Bajo, is clear evidence.
Land and forest fires and haze have become one of the biggest environmental challenges in the ASE... more Land and forest fires and haze have become one of the biggest environmental challenges in the ASEAN region. Indonesia has become the major source of transboundary haze in the region. By mid-September 2014, Indonesia had ratified the ASEAN Agreement on Transboundary Haze Pollution (AATHP). This paper makes two major contributions: first, the paper quantitatively revisits the causes of hotspots in Indonesia; and second, the paper identifies and discusses the national efforts that have been made and policy handicaps that need to be removed. The government needs to focus on rehabilitating critical land, promoting reforestation, and protecting peatland ecosystems. Although there is a trend for the number of hotspots to decline, there are no guarantees that transboundary haze can be eliminated. There is hope that by ratifying the AATHP, Indonesia can have better resources to conduct preventive, mitigating and monitoring activities, but there is a need to develop streamlined coordination, ...
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