The lateral-line neuromast of the zebrafish displays a restricted, consistent pattern of innervat... more The lateral-line neuromast of the zebrafish displays a restricted, consistent pattern of innervation that facilitates the comparison of microcircuits across individuals, developmental stages, and genotypes. We used serial blockface scanning electron microscopy to determine from multiple specimens the neuromast connectome, a comprehensive set of connections between hair cells and afferent and efferent nerve fibers. This analysis delineated a complex but consistent wiring pattern with three striking characteristics: each nerve terminal is highly specific in receiving innervation from hair cells of a single directional sensitivity; the innervation is redundant; and the terminals manifest a hierarchy of dominance. Mutation of the canonical planar-cell-polarity gene , which decouples the asymmetric phenotypes of sibling hair-cell pairs, results in randomly positioned, randomly oriented sibling cells that nonetheless retain specific wiring. Because larvae that overexpress Notch exhibit un...
Nitric oxide (NO) is a radical diatomic gas molecule that, at low concentrations, plays important... more Nitric oxide (NO) is a radical diatomic gas molecule that, at low concentrations, plays important signaling roles in both eukaryotes and bacteria. In recent years, it has become evident that bacteria respond to low levels of NO in order to modulate their group behavior. Many bacteria respond via NO ligation to a well-established NO sensor called H-NOX (heme-nitric oxide/oxygen binding domain). Many others, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, lack an annotated hnoX gene in their genome yet are able to respond to low levels of NO to disperse their biofilms. This suggests the existence of a previously uncharacterized NO sensor. In this study, we describe the discovery of a novel nitric oxide binding protein (NosP; NO-sensing protein), which is much more widely conserved in bacteria than H-NOX, as well as a novel NO-responsive pathway in P. aeruginosa. We demonstrate that biofilms of a P. aeruginosa mutant lacking components of the NosP pathway lose the ability to disperse in response to NO...
Bacterial biofilms form when bacteria adhere to a surface and produce an exopolysaccharide matrix... more Bacterial biofilms form when bacteria adhere to a surface and produce an exopolysaccharide matrix ( Costerton Science 1999 , 284 , 1318 ; Davies Science 1998 , 280 , 295 ; Flemming Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 2010 , 8 , 623 ). Because biofilms are resistant to antibiotics, they are problematic in many aspects of human health and welfare, causing, for instance, persistent fouling of medical implants such as catheters and artificial joints ( Brunetto Chimia 2008 , 62 , 249 ). They are responsible for chronic infections in the lungs of cystic fibrosis patients and in open wounds, such as those associated with burns and diabetes. They are also a major contributor to hospital-acquired infections ( Sievert Infec. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. 2013 , 34 , 1 ; Tatterson Front. Biosci. 2001 , 6 , D890 ). It has been hypothesized that effective methods of biofilm control will have widespread application ( Landini Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2010 , 86 , 813 ). A promising strategy is to target the mechan...
Education is considered necessary for multiple purposes and in some cases, which may vary one to ... more Education is considered necessary for multiple purposes and in some cases, which may vary one to another dependent on situation. Nonetheless, it serves according to the objectives and to the relative importance. The objectives of education is not only about preparing students for a specific careers but also it is all about teaching students lifelong values, discipline, and the ability to explore new ideas and to think independently. Over the decades, some points always have been considered the very common purpose of the education: Preparing for citizenship, cultivating skilled workforce, teaching the cultural literacy, helping to compete in global marketplace. Among all of these objectives " creating more employment opportunities " or " preparing the skilled workforce " is one of the much-talked-about concerns in a number of developing nations. There is a general awareness among the leaders that in order to meet the challenges the educational system must be upgraded. In addition to reforming the whole curriculum and education, system with all advance logistical support is highly demanded too. However, an exploratory survey was conducted for the research to analyze the job possibilities of government owned public university and private university students in Bangladesh after obtaining their graduation. This paper will also incorporate the differences and development of the curriculum, the assistance towards the students provided by the Public and Private universities in Bangladesh, for making the contribution to the society and individual development. In this research, data was collected from a sample of 150 employees and 150 employers of randomly selected different public and private organizations, who involve in the research and administrative jobs. The respondents (employees and employers) include from neophyte to adept, were asked a set of questions to evaluate the reason of being hired in Research and Administrative jobs and the parameter of this selection process for the students from public and private universities set by the employers. Nonetheless, the study will try to present the job market scenario where mostly the students from public university are engaged in the research firms or government organizations, besides the students from private university are in the leading position in the private corporate world. Importantly, the proper mingle of these two types university's (public and private) infrastructure, curriculum and students selection process can change the view of the employers and job involvement. This study is an attempt to examine the multi-variable factors that affecting the employment opportunities for Bangladeshi graduates with specified some suggestions which may be taken into consideration in the policy level for the betterment of the education system for creating more employment and skill development opportunities in Bangladesh.
ABSTRACT This study evaluates the effect of anti-corrosion additives such as 8% and 16% (vol.%) p... more ABSTRACT This study evaluates the effect of anti-corrosion additives such as 8% and 16% (vol.%) palm olein oil (PO) with ordinary diesel (OD) fuel on engine operation, emission behavior, engine part wear, and lubrication characteristics. This experiment was conducted on 4-cylinder and 4-stroke IDI diesel engine at different engine speed ranging from 1200 to 2800 RPM with 30% throttle setting under full load condition. The properties of the palm olein oil blends meet the ASTM D6751 and EN 14214 standards. At 2000 rpm, the experimental results revealed that the POD8A (0.2% Additive + 8% PO + 92% OD) and POD16A (0.2% Additive + 16% PO + 84% OD) blended fuels produced 0.5% and 0.51% higher brake power as well as 1.45% and 1.25% higher torque than same blends without additive, respectively. In comparison with ODF, the brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) was found 1.8% and 3.1% higher for POD8A and POD16A blends, respectively. Anti-corrosion additive is found more effectual in enhancing the engine performance as such additive helps in timely ignition for complete burn in the combustion chamber. The results from engine emission indicated that POD8A and POD16A blended fuel reduced CO emissions by 11% and 6.6% and NOx emission by 2.5% and 1.09%, respectively in compared with OD fuel. Although HC emissions for all blended fuel and OD fuel increased at higher engine speed, the average HC emissions of all blended fuel were not higher than OD fuel. The application of anti-corrosion additives in POD blends reduced ferrous (Fe) wear debris concentration (WBC) by 17.3%. The reductions in WBC were about 16.1%, 10.8%, and 19.3%, 17.6% for copper (Cu) and aluminum (Al), respectively. An exception was lead (Pb) which yielded higher WBC for all POD blended fuels in compared with OD fuel. Finally, it can be concluded that palm olein oil with additives gives better engine performance, reduces unnecessary exhaust emissions and wear debris concentration of engine parts.
Crk is the prototypical member of a class of Src homology 2 (SH2) and Src homology 3 (SH3) domain... more Crk is the prototypical member of a class of Src homology 2 (SH2) and Src homology 3 (SH3) domain-containing adaptor proteins that positively regulate cell motility via the activation of Rac1 and, in certain tumor types such as GBM, can promote cell invasion and metastasis by mechanisms that are not well understood. Here we demonstrate that Crk, via its phosphorylation at Tyr251, promotes invasive behavior of tumor cells, is a prominent feature in GBM, and correlating with aggressive glioma grade IV staging and overall poor survival outcomes. At the molecular level, Tyr251 phosphorylation of Crk is negatively regulated by Abi1, which competes for Crk binding to Abl and attenuates Abl transactivation. Together, these results show that Crk and Abi1 have reciprocal biological effects and act as a molecular rheostat to control Abl activation and cell invasion. Finally, these data suggest that Crk Tyr251 phosphorylation regulate invasive cell phenotypes and may serve as a biomarker for a...
8th International Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering, 2014
A novel Nearly Zero Dispersion Fiber (NZDF) at operating wavelength is designed having GeO2 doped... more A novel Nearly Zero Dispersion Fiber (NZDF) at operating wavelength is designed having GeO2 doped SiO2 square defected core and investigated with Finite Element Method (FEM) using COMSOL. The proposed PCF shows promising dispersion characteristics (0.0001787ps/km-nm) with very low effective area (3.03μm2) and high non-linear parameter (67.23 W-1 km-1) at 1.55μm, making it suitable candidate for chromatic dispersion controller and nonlinear optical application.
Biofilms are surface-associated, multicellular communities of bacteria. Once established, they ar... more Biofilms are surface-associated, multicellular communities of bacteria. Once established, they are extremely difficult to eradicate by antimicrobial treatment. It has been demonstrated in many species that biofilm formation may be regulated by the diatomic signaling molecule nitric oxide (NO). Although this is still a relatively new area of research, we review here the literature reporting an effect of NO on bacterial biofilm formation, emphasizing dose-dependent responses to NO concentrations when possible. Where it has been investigated, the underlying NO sensors or signaling pathways are also discussed. Most of the examples of NO-mediated biofilm regulation have been documented with exogenously applied NO, but we also survey possible natural sources of NO in biofilm regulation, including endogenously generated NO. Finally, because of the apparent broad-spectrum, antibiofilm effects of NO, NO-releasing materials and prodrugs have also been explored in this minireview.
ABSTRACT This study investigates of the production of calophyllum biodiesel (CIBD) from its crude... more ABSTRACT This study investigates of the production of calophyllum biodiesel (CIBD) from its crude oil and provides a comparative analysis of the blends of CIBD (CI20) and GTL fuel (G20) with diesel, including a combined blend (DCIG20) of CIBD, GTL and diesel, in the context of fuel properties, combustion, engine performance and emission characteristics. This combined blend was selected to aggregate the promising properties of the two alternative fuels, which is a pioneer investigation that involves GTL fuel. All of the blends were investigated in a four cylinder compression ignition engine. CIBD and CI20 showed improved fuel properties than their crude oil, and DCIG20 and G20 showed promising properties compared with the biodiesel blend. Combustion analysis showed that the peaks of both in-cylinder pressure and heat release rate (HRR) of G20 were slightly lower and occurred at later crank angles than those of diesel. Unlike G20, the other two blends demonstrated higher peak values of in-cylinder pressure and HRR than diesel, and DCIG20 showed lower peak values than CI20 in both cases. The peak locations of CI20 and DCIG20 were slightly advanced compared to those of diesel. The engine performance test results revealed an increase in brake thermal efficiency (BTE), and low Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC) and Brake Specific Energy Consumption (BSEC) in G20. The two other blends showed a decrease in BTE, but an increase in both BSFC and BSEC, when compared with diesel. Emission analysis results showed that all fuel blends exhibited a reduction in CO, HC and smoke emissions compared with diesel. In the case of NOx emission, both CI20 and DCIG20 showed high values, but G20 showed a significant decrease, when compared with diesel. DCIG20 exhibited an improvement in all of the performance–emission test parameters compared with CI20.
The lateral-line neuromast of the zebrafish displays a restricted, consistent pattern of innervat... more The lateral-line neuromast of the zebrafish displays a restricted, consistent pattern of innervation that facilitates the comparison of microcircuits across individuals, developmental stages, and genotypes. We used serial blockface scanning electron microscopy to determine from multiple specimens the neuromast connectome, a comprehensive set of connections between hair cells and afferent and efferent nerve fibers. This analysis delineated a complex but consistent wiring pattern with three striking characteristics: each nerve terminal is highly specific in receiving innervation from hair cells of a single directional sensitivity; the innervation is redundant; and the terminals manifest a hierarchy of dominance. Mutation of the canonical planar-cell-polarity gene , which decouples the asymmetric phenotypes of sibling hair-cell pairs, results in randomly positioned, randomly oriented sibling cells that nonetheless retain specific wiring. Because larvae that overexpress Notch exhibit un...
Nitric oxide (NO) is a radical diatomic gas molecule that, at low concentrations, plays important... more Nitric oxide (NO) is a radical diatomic gas molecule that, at low concentrations, plays important signaling roles in both eukaryotes and bacteria. In recent years, it has become evident that bacteria respond to low levels of NO in order to modulate their group behavior. Many bacteria respond via NO ligation to a well-established NO sensor called H-NOX (heme-nitric oxide/oxygen binding domain). Many others, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, lack an annotated hnoX gene in their genome yet are able to respond to low levels of NO to disperse their biofilms. This suggests the existence of a previously uncharacterized NO sensor. In this study, we describe the discovery of a novel nitric oxide binding protein (NosP; NO-sensing protein), which is much more widely conserved in bacteria than H-NOX, as well as a novel NO-responsive pathway in P. aeruginosa. We demonstrate that biofilms of a P. aeruginosa mutant lacking components of the NosP pathway lose the ability to disperse in response to NO...
Bacterial biofilms form when bacteria adhere to a surface and produce an exopolysaccharide matrix... more Bacterial biofilms form when bacteria adhere to a surface and produce an exopolysaccharide matrix ( Costerton Science 1999 , 284 , 1318 ; Davies Science 1998 , 280 , 295 ; Flemming Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 2010 , 8 , 623 ). Because biofilms are resistant to antibiotics, they are problematic in many aspects of human health and welfare, causing, for instance, persistent fouling of medical implants such as catheters and artificial joints ( Brunetto Chimia 2008 , 62 , 249 ). They are responsible for chronic infections in the lungs of cystic fibrosis patients and in open wounds, such as those associated with burns and diabetes. They are also a major contributor to hospital-acquired infections ( Sievert Infec. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. 2013 , 34 , 1 ; Tatterson Front. Biosci. 2001 , 6 , D890 ). It has been hypothesized that effective methods of biofilm control will have widespread application ( Landini Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2010 , 86 , 813 ). A promising strategy is to target the mechan...
Education is considered necessary for multiple purposes and in some cases, which may vary one to ... more Education is considered necessary for multiple purposes and in some cases, which may vary one to another dependent on situation. Nonetheless, it serves according to the objectives and to the relative importance. The objectives of education is not only about preparing students for a specific careers but also it is all about teaching students lifelong values, discipline, and the ability to explore new ideas and to think independently. Over the decades, some points always have been considered the very common purpose of the education: Preparing for citizenship, cultivating skilled workforce, teaching the cultural literacy, helping to compete in global marketplace. Among all of these objectives " creating more employment opportunities " or " preparing the skilled workforce " is one of the much-talked-about concerns in a number of developing nations. There is a general awareness among the leaders that in order to meet the challenges the educational system must be upgraded. In addition to reforming the whole curriculum and education, system with all advance logistical support is highly demanded too. However, an exploratory survey was conducted for the research to analyze the job possibilities of government owned public university and private university students in Bangladesh after obtaining their graduation. This paper will also incorporate the differences and development of the curriculum, the assistance towards the students provided by the Public and Private universities in Bangladesh, for making the contribution to the society and individual development. In this research, data was collected from a sample of 150 employees and 150 employers of randomly selected different public and private organizations, who involve in the research and administrative jobs. The respondents (employees and employers) include from neophyte to adept, were asked a set of questions to evaluate the reason of being hired in Research and Administrative jobs and the parameter of this selection process for the students from public and private universities set by the employers. Nonetheless, the study will try to present the job market scenario where mostly the students from public university are engaged in the research firms or government organizations, besides the students from private university are in the leading position in the private corporate world. Importantly, the proper mingle of these two types university's (public and private) infrastructure, curriculum and students selection process can change the view of the employers and job involvement. This study is an attempt to examine the multi-variable factors that affecting the employment opportunities for Bangladeshi graduates with specified some suggestions which may be taken into consideration in the policy level for the betterment of the education system for creating more employment and skill development opportunities in Bangladesh.
ABSTRACT This study evaluates the effect of anti-corrosion additives such as 8% and 16% (vol.%) p... more ABSTRACT This study evaluates the effect of anti-corrosion additives such as 8% and 16% (vol.%) palm olein oil (PO) with ordinary diesel (OD) fuel on engine operation, emission behavior, engine part wear, and lubrication characteristics. This experiment was conducted on 4-cylinder and 4-stroke IDI diesel engine at different engine speed ranging from 1200 to 2800 RPM with 30% throttle setting under full load condition. The properties of the palm olein oil blends meet the ASTM D6751 and EN 14214 standards. At 2000 rpm, the experimental results revealed that the POD8A (0.2% Additive + 8% PO + 92% OD) and POD16A (0.2% Additive + 16% PO + 84% OD) blended fuels produced 0.5% and 0.51% higher brake power as well as 1.45% and 1.25% higher torque than same blends without additive, respectively. In comparison with ODF, the brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) was found 1.8% and 3.1% higher for POD8A and POD16A blends, respectively. Anti-corrosion additive is found more effectual in enhancing the engine performance as such additive helps in timely ignition for complete burn in the combustion chamber. The results from engine emission indicated that POD8A and POD16A blended fuel reduced CO emissions by 11% and 6.6% and NOx emission by 2.5% and 1.09%, respectively in compared with OD fuel. Although HC emissions for all blended fuel and OD fuel increased at higher engine speed, the average HC emissions of all blended fuel were not higher than OD fuel. The application of anti-corrosion additives in POD blends reduced ferrous (Fe) wear debris concentration (WBC) by 17.3%. The reductions in WBC were about 16.1%, 10.8%, and 19.3%, 17.6% for copper (Cu) and aluminum (Al), respectively. An exception was lead (Pb) which yielded higher WBC for all POD blended fuels in compared with OD fuel. Finally, it can be concluded that palm olein oil with additives gives better engine performance, reduces unnecessary exhaust emissions and wear debris concentration of engine parts.
Crk is the prototypical member of a class of Src homology 2 (SH2) and Src homology 3 (SH3) domain... more Crk is the prototypical member of a class of Src homology 2 (SH2) and Src homology 3 (SH3) domain-containing adaptor proteins that positively regulate cell motility via the activation of Rac1 and, in certain tumor types such as GBM, can promote cell invasion and metastasis by mechanisms that are not well understood. Here we demonstrate that Crk, via its phosphorylation at Tyr251, promotes invasive behavior of tumor cells, is a prominent feature in GBM, and correlating with aggressive glioma grade IV staging and overall poor survival outcomes. At the molecular level, Tyr251 phosphorylation of Crk is negatively regulated by Abi1, which competes for Crk binding to Abl and attenuates Abl transactivation. Together, these results show that Crk and Abi1 have reciprocal biological effects and act as a molecular rheostat to control Abl activation and cell invasion. Finally, these data suggest that Crk Tyr251 phosphorylation regulate invasive cell phenotypes and may serve as a biomarker for a...
8th International Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering, 2014
A novel Nearly Zero Dispersion Fiber (NZDF) at operating wavelength is designed having GeO2 doped... more A novel Nearly Zero Dispersion Fiber (NZDF) at operating wavelength is designed having GeO2 doped SiO2 square defected core and investigated with Finite Element Method (FEM) using COMSOL. The proposed PCF shows promising dispersion characteristics (0.0001787ps/km-nm) with very low effective area (3.03μm2) and high non-linear parameter (67.23 W-1 km-1) at 1.55μm, making it suitable candidate for chromatic dispersion controller and nonlinear optical application.
Biofilms are surface-associated, multicellular communities of bacteria. Once established, they ar... more Biofilms are surface-associated, multicellular communities of bacteria. Once established, they are extremely difficult to eradicate by antimicrobial treatment. It has been demonstrated in many species that biofilm formation may be regulated by the diatomic signaling molecule nitric oxide (NO). Although this is still a relatively new area of research, we review here the literature reporting an effect of NO on bacterial biofilm formation, emphasizing dose-dependent responses to NO concentrations when possible. Where it has been investigated, the underlying NO sensors or signaling pathways are also discussed. Most of the examples of NO-mediated biofilm regulation have been documented with exogenously applied NO, but we also survey possible natural sources of NO in biofilm regulation, including endogenously generated NO. Finally, because of the apparent broad-spectrum, antibiofilm effects of NO, NO-releasing materials and prodrugs have also been explored in this minireview.
ABSTRACT This study investigates of the production of calophyllum biodiesel (CIBD) from its crude... more ABSTRACT This study investigates of the production of calophyllum biodiesel (CIBD) from its crude oil and provides a comparative analysis of the blends of CIBD (CI20) and GTL fuel (G20) with diesel, including a combined blend (DCIG20) of CIBD, GTL and diesel, in the context of fuel properties, combustion, engine performance and emission characteristics. This combined blend was selected to aggregate the promising properties of the two alternative fuels, which is a pioneer investigation that involves GTL fuel. All of the blends were investigated in a four cylinder compression ignition engine. CIBD and CI20 showed improved fuel properties than their crude oil, and DCIG20 and G20 showed promising properties compared with the biodiesel blend. Combustion analysis showed that the peaks of both in-cylinder pressure and heat release rate (HRR) of G20 were slightly lower and occurred at later crank angles than those of diesel. Unlike G20, the other two blends demonstrated higher peak values of in-cylinder pressure and HRR than diesel, and DCIG20 showed lower peak values than CI20 in both cases. The peak locations of CI20 and DCIG20 were slightly advanced compared to those of diesel. The engine performance test results revealed an increase in brake thermal efficiency (BTE), and low Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC) and Brake Specific Energy Consumption (BSEC) in G20. The two other blends showed a decrease in BTE, but an increase in both BSFC and BSEC, when compared with diesel. Emission analysis results showed that all fuel blends exhibited a reduction in CO, HC and smoke emissions compared with diesel. In the case of NOx emission, both CI20 and DCIG20 showed high values, but G20 showed a significant decrease, when compared with diesel. DCIG20 exhibited an improvement in all of the performance–emission test parameters compared with CI20.
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Papers by Sajjad Hossain