In the present study, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Trichoderma viridae were evaluated for their pot... more In the present study, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Trichoderma viridae were evaluated for their potential to degrade pesticides such as monochrotophos and methyl parathion. Soil alone, soil with pesticides, and soil with microbes and pesticides were taken as experimental modules. After 30 days of treatment different morphometric and biochemical parameters were analyzed. Percent germination, shoot and root length, content of chlorophyll-a, and b, total chlorophyll, protein and carotenoids were highly reduced in pesticide alone treated soil. However when the pesticide treated soil was mixed with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Trichoderma viridae, the above mentioned parameters were restored to near normal indicating their capacity to degrade the pesticides. The present investigation showed that Pseudomonas aeruginosa was more efficient in degrading monochrotophos and methyl parathion.
Archives Of Phytopathology And Plant Protection, 2012
ABSTRACT Different organic solvent crude extracts from the leaves of Alangium salviifolium (L.F.)... more ABSTRACT Different organic solvent crude extracts from the leaves of Alangium salviifolium (L.F.) Wangerin, were tested for their feeding deterrence, larvicidal activity and protein concentrations on the fourth instar larvae of Spodoptera litura L. under laboratory conditions. Treatments were given through two different host plant leaves such as brinjal and castor. The bioassay was carried out at different concentrations viz., 0.625, 1.25, 2.5 and 5%. The maximum antifeedant activity in brinjal (52.0%) and castor (29.97%) leaf discs was recorded in ethyl acetate extract as compared with hexane and chloroform extracts at 5% concentration. The result of larvicidal activity revealed that the maximum larval mortality was registered in brinjal leaves (65.81%) and castor with (57.48%) in ethyl acetate extract as compared to hexane and chloroform extracts at 5% concentration. The ethyl acetate extract of A. salviifolium contained alkaloids, diterpenoids, and saponins. The treatment also reduced haemolymph protein concentration after 48 h.
Herbal Insecticides, Repellents and Biomedicines: Effectiveness and Commercialization, 2016
Mosquitoes are the most dreadful bloodsucking insects in the world, and though tiny in size, they... more Mosquitoes are the most dreadful bloodsucking insects in the world, and though tiny in size, they inflict most human deaths worldwide. They transmit deadly pathogens like Plasmodium, chikungunya virus, yellow fever virus, dengue virus, Japanese encephalitis virus and West Nile virus. Worldwide, there are 3500 species of mosquitoes grouped into 41 genera, but only 100 species are reported as vectors of human and other vertebrate diseases. India contributes nearly 34 % of global dengue and 11 % of global malaria cases. During the year 2012, nearly 1.13 million people were infected with dengue, malaria and chikungunya in India, and 766 succumbed to these diseases. In India, three genera, namely, Aedes, Anopheles and Culex, are the most common groups of mosquitoes found almost in all regions. Aedes spp. transmit dengue, chikungunya and yellow fever, Anopheles spp. transmit malaria, and Culex spp. transmit filariasis and Japanese encephalitis. In recent years, a decrease in the malaria and filariasis cases has been reported, but the number of infected cases and mortality due to dengue is steadily increasing. The failure in mosquito control is mainly due to the inefficiency of synthetic pesticides and repellents. Mosquitoes have developed resistance to almost all types of chemical insecticides. The increasing number of mosquito breeding sites and the destruction of mosquitoes’ natural enemies are also contributing to the sudden rise in mosquito population and mosquito-borne diseases. Application of synthetic chemicals in water bodies is unsafe to humans and nontarget organisms. Microbial pesticides and botanical pesticides are eco-friendly and target specific compared to synthetic pesticides. Microbial pesticides obtained from actinomycetes, Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), B. sphaericus (Bs) and many other microorganisms are reported as eco-friendly alternatives for mosquito control. A large number of Bt strains have been reported to possess insecticidal properties against different groups of insects. B. thuringiensis israelensis (Bti) is an important pathogenic bacterium to mosquitoes. The secondary metabolites of some microorganisms are potential toxins against mosquito larvae at very low concentrations. Spinosad, a potent insecticide, has been isolated from the actinomycete bacterium Saccharopolyspora spinosa. In this review, potentially effective actinomycetes and other microorganisms against mosquito larvae and their effective bioactive compounds are described. The review also presents up-to-date information on the efficacy of microbial pesticides in mosquito control, their biosafety, field efficacy and commercial applications.
American Journal of Plant Physiology is an international peer-reviewed scientific journal dedicat... more American Journal of Plant Physiology is an international peer-reviewed scientific journal dedicated to publish and disseminate original and high quality information governing basic processes in plant physiology and development. Scope of the journal covers: physiology, biochemistry, ...
A new crystal compound 2, 5-diacetoxy-2-benzyl-4, 4, 6, 6-tetramethyl-1, 3-cyclohexanedione was i... more A new crystal compound 2, 5-diacetoxy-2-benzyl-4, 4, 6, 6-tetramethyl-1, 3-cyclohexanedione was isolated from the leaves of Syzygium lineare. The insecticidal activity of the compound was assessed against fourth instar larvae of Spodoptera litura. Its activity ...
... Approved Standard. Wayne, Pennsylvania. NCCLS Document M38-A, 2002, [ISBN 1-56238-470-8]. [17... more ... Approved Standard. Wayne, Pennsylvania. NCCLS Document M38-A, 2002, [ISBN 1-56238-470-8]. [17] Senthilkumar M, Gurumoorthi P, Janardhanan K. Antibacterial potential of some plants used by tribals in Maruthamalai hills, Tamil Nadu. Nat Prod Radian, 2005, 4: 27-...
Archives Of Phytopathology And Plant Protection, 2013
Two natural alkaloids viz., Vasicine acetate and 2-Acetyl benzylamine, isolated from Adhatoda vas... more Two natural alkaloids viz., Vasicine acetate and 2-Acetyl benzylamine, isolated from Adhatoda vasica leaves, showed antifeedant, larvicidal and moult inhibiting properties against diamondback moth Plutella xylostella in laboratory experiments. Maximum antifeedant activity of 98.5% was recorded at 1000 ppm concentration of Vasicine acetate treatment, whereas as 2-Acetyl benzyl amine recorded only 71.4% antifeedant activity at 1000 ppm concentration. Azadirachtin treatment presented 82% antifeedant activity at the highest concentration (1000 ppm). Both the active compounds of A. vasica showed lethal toxicity on larvae and pupae. The highest larvicidal and pupicidal activities were recorded in 2-Acetyl benzylamine treatment at 125 ppm concentration. The two A. vasica compounds also affected the normal growth and development and moulting process of P. xylostella. Final moulting of larvae into pupae was disrupted by the treatments, which resulted in larval–pupal intermediates and abnormal pupae. Treatments also produced small-size pupae and malformed adults with poorly developed wings.
Sexually mature black gram plantlets were efficiently regenerated from seed-derived cotyledon and... more Sexually mature black gram plantlets were efficiently regenerated from seed-derived cotyledon and embryonal axis explants.The explants were capable of producing multiple shoots when cultured on modified MS medium containing B5 vitamins supplemented with 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) within 15 days. The regenerated shoots were elongated on MS basal medium and rooted on MS medium containing indole-3-butyric acid (IBA).
In the present study, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Trichoderma viridae were evaluated for their pot... more In the present study, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Trichoderma viridae were evaluated for their potential to degrade pesticides such as monochrotophos and methyl parathion. Soil alone, soil with pesticides, and soil with microbes and pesticides were taken as experimental modules. After 30 days of treatment different morphometric and biochemical parameters were analyzed. Percent germination, shoot and root length, content of chlorophyll-a, and b, total chlorophyll, protein and carotenoids were highly reduced in pesticide alone treated soil. However when the pesticide treated soil was mixed with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Trichoderma viridae, the above mentioned parameters were restored to near normal indicating their capacity to degrade the pesticides. The present investigation showed that Pseudomonas aeruginosa was more efficient in degrading monochrotophos and methyl parathion.
Archives Of Phytopathology And Plant Protection, 2012
ABSTRACT Different organic solvent crude extracts from the leaves of Alangium salviifolium (L.F.)... more ABSTRACT Different organic solvent crude extracts from the leaves of Alangium salviifolium (L.F.) Wangerin, were tested for their feeding deterrence, larvicidal activity and protein concentrations on the fourth instar larvae of Spodoptera litura L. under laboratory conditions. Treatments were given through two different host plant leaves such as brinjal and castor. The bioassay was carried out at different concentrations viz., 0.625, 1.25, 2.5 and 5%. The maximum antifeedant activity in brinjal (52.0%) and castor (29.97%) leaf discs was recorded in ethyl acetate extract as compared with hexane and chloroform extracts at 5% concentration. The result of larvicidal activity revealed that the maximum larval mortality was registered in brinjal leaves (65.81%) and castor with (57.48%) in ethyl acetate extract as compared to hexane and chloroform extracts at 5% concentration. The ethyl acetate extract of A. salviifolium contained alkaloids, diterpenoids, and saponins. The treatment also reduced haemolymph protein concentration after 48 h.
Herbal Insecticides, Repellents and Biomedicines: Effectiveness and Commercialization, 2016
Mosquitoes are the most dreadful bloodsucking insects in the world, and though tiny in size, they... more Mosquitoes are the most dreadful bloodsucking insects in the world, and though tiny in size, they inflict most human deaths worldwide. They transmit deadly pathogens like Plasmodium, chikungunya virus, yellow fever virus, dengue virus, Japanese encephalitis virus and West Nile virus. Worldwide, there are 3500 species of mosquitoes grouped into 41 genera, but only 100 species are reported as vectors of human and other vertebrate diseases. India contributes nearly 34 % of global dengue and 11 % of global malaria cases. During the year 2012, nearly 1.13 million people were infected with dengue, malaria and chikungunya in India, and 766 succumbed to these diseases. In India, three genera, namely, Aedes, Anopheles and Culex, are the most common groups of mosquitoes found almost in all regions. Aedes spp. transmit dengue, chikungunya and yellow fever, Anopheles spp. transmit malaria, and Culex spp. transmit filariasis and Japanese encephalitis. In recent years, a decrease in the malaria and filariasis cases has been reported, but the number of infected cases and mortality due to dengue is steadily increasing. The failure in mosquito control is mainly due to the inefficiency of synthetic pesticides and repellents. Mosquitoes have developed resistance to almost all types of chemical insecticides. The increasing number of mosquito breeding sites and the destruction of mosquitoes’ natural enemies are also contributing to the sudden rise in mosquito population and mosquito-borne diseases. Application of synthetic chemicals in water bodies is unsafe to humans and nontarget organisms. Microbial pesticides and botanical pesticides are eco-friendly and target specific compared to synthetic pesticides. Microbial pesticides obtained from actinomycetes, Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), B. sphaericus (Bs) and many other microorganisms are reported as eco-friendly alternatives for mosquito control. A large number of Bt strains have been reported to possess insecticidal properties against different groups of insects. B. thuringiensis israelensis (Bti) is an important pathogenic bacterium to mosquitoes. The secondary metabolites of some microorganisms are potential toxins against mosquito larvae at very low concentrations. Spinosad, a potent insecticide, has been isolated from the actinomycete bacterium Saccharopolyspora spinosa. In this review, potentially effective actinomycetes and other microorganisms against mosquito larvae and their effective bioactive compounds are described. The review also presents up-to-date information on the efficacy of microbial pesticides in mosquito control, their biosafety, field efficacy and commercial applications.
American Journal of Plant Physiology is an international peer-reviewed scientific journal dedicat... more American Journal of Plant Physiology is an international peer-reviewed scientific journal dedicated to publish and disseminate original and high quality information governing basic processes in plant physiology and development. Scope of the journal covers: physiology, biochemistry, ...
A new crystal compound 2, 5-diacetoxy-2-benzyl-4, 4, 6, 6-tetramethyl-1, 3-cyclohexanedione was i... more A new crystal compound 2, 5-diacetoxy-2-benzyl-4, 4, 6, 6-tetramethyl-1, 3-cyclohexanedione was isolated from the leaves of Syzygium lineare. The insecticidal activity of the compound was assessed against fourth instar larvae of Spodoptera litura. Its activity ...
... Approved Standard. Wayne, Pennsylvania. NCCLS Document M38-A, 2002, [ISBN 1-56238-470-8]. [17... more ... Approved Standard. Wayne, Pennsylvania. NCCLS Document M38-A, 2002, [ISBN 1-56238-470-8]. [17] Senthilkumar M, Gurumoorthi P, Janardhanan K. Antibacterial potential of some plants used by tribals in Maruthamalai hills, Tamil Nadu. Nat Prod Radian, 2005, 4: 27-...
Archives Of Phytopathology And Plant Protection, 2013
Two natural alkaloids viz., Vasicine acetate and 2-Acetyl benzylamine, isolated from Adhatoda vas... more Two natural alkaloids viz., Vasicine acetate and 2-Acetyl benzylamine, isolated from Adhatoda vasica leaves, showed antifeedant, larvicidal and moult inhibiting properties against diamondback moth Plutella xylostella in laboratory experiments. Maximum antifeedant activity of 98.5% was recorded at 1000 ppm concentration of Vasicine acetate treatment, whereas as 2-Acetyl benzyl amine recorded only 71.4% antifeedant activity at 1000 ppm concentration. Azadirachtin treatment presented 82% antifeedant activity at the highest concentration (1000 ppm). Both the active compounds of A. vasica showed lethal toxicity on larvae and pupae. The highest larvicidal and pupicidal activities were recorded in 2-Acetyl benzylamine treatment at 125 ppm concentration. The two A. vasica compounds also affected the normal growth and development and moulting process of P. xylostella. Final moulting of larvae into pupae was disrupted by the treatments, which resulted in larval–pupal intermediates and abnormal pupae. Treatments also produced small-size pupae and malformed adults with poorly developed wings.
Sexually mature black gram plantlets were efficiently regenerated from seed-derived cotyledon and... more Sexually mature black gram plantlets were efficiently regenerated from seed-derived cotyledon and embryonal axis explants.The explants were capable of producing multiple shoots when cultured on modified MS medium containing B5 vitamins supplemented with 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) within 15 days. The regenerated shoots were elongated on MS basal medium and rooted on MS medium containing indole-3-butyric acid (IBA).
Uploads
Papers