This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the ad... more This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.
IntroductionShifting to Resilient Farming Practices (RFPs) is crucial in building resilience to c... more IntroductionShifting to Resilient Farming Practices (RFPs) is crucial in building resilience to climate change and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. This study seeks to assess how land tenure and land-use antecedents affect the willingness of smallholder farmers (SHFs) to embrace RFPs in Nigeria.MethodsThe respondents were selected in a multi-stage random sampling process across 16 States and 192 farming communities, yielding a final sample of 1,344 SHFs that cultivate maize and/or rice. The RFPs include a set of good agricultural practices (GAPs), GAPs with manure application and GAPs with agroforestry as against the status quo of conventional agricultural practices. Data were analyzed using descriptive and regression methods.Results and discussionThe results show that 20% of the respondents were willing to adopt agroforestry while 25% and 37% were willing to adopt GAPs with and without manure application respectively. On the other hand, about 18% preferred to stick to the status ...
International Journal of Social Sciences and Economic Review
Purpose of the study: This paper summarizes the existing literature on the inequality-poverty dyn... more Purpose of the study: This paper summarizes the existing literature on the inequality-poverty dynamics dilemma by presenting discoveries and novel ways to close a gap in the literature. The study focused on whether economic differences slow or stop people from falling into or staying out of poverty over time. Methodology: The study extensively reviews the literature on measures of economic inequality and poverty dynamics. Main Findings: Findings from the reviewed literature revealed that economic inequality is a crucial determinant of the transition to poverty. Inequality contains poverty, and poverty persists because of the presence of inequality. The direction of the association between poverty and economic inequality is still debatable in the literature, with no general consensus. Some findings show that the direction of the relationship is negative; others say it is positive, bidirectional, and inconclusive. Research limitations/implications: Poverty dynamics and economic inequa...
In the wake of climate change, climate-smart agriculture has been proposed as an option for mitig... more In the wake of climate change, climate-smart agriculture has been proposed as an option for mitigation and adaptation to the attendant harsh impacts among smallholder farmers in Africa. The approach has been promoted for nearly two decades in Kenya, Nigeria, and Malawi, but with low adoption among farmers. This study therefore sought to determine the pathways for sustainable scaling of climate-smart agricultural technologies and practices in the three countries. Secondary and primary data were obtained from desk review, field survey, key informant interviews, and focus group discussions. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and multivariate probit regression. The multivariate probit regression result showed eight negative correlated coefficients between the climate-smart agriculture technologies and practices adopted, thus implying that the practices are substitutes for each other. It was observed that gender had no significant influence on the adoption of a set of practic...
The rising incidence of youth unemployment, especially in emerging economies, calls for prompt at... more The rising incidence of youth unemployment, especially in emerging economies, calls for prompt attention of development experts and policy makers given its effect on sustainable growth. This challenge has worsened in recent times in Nigeria, hence, making it crucial to understand the factors driving youth employment. We analyzed the differential impact of sectoral growth on youth employment across rural and urban areas through a gender lens and identified the specific conditions needed for investment in sectors with potentials for job creation in the Nigerian economy. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, revealed comparative advantage (RCA), employment elasticity, and Logit regression model. It was observed that Nigeria has demonstrated a comparative advantage in the export of 17 products. Our findings also revealed that all the economic sectors in Nigeria have potential for creating employment at different levels with financial services contributing the highest (0.734) ...
The Nigeria economy continues to be plagued with unemployment especially amongst youths with abou... more The Nigeria economy continues to be plagued with unemployment especially amongst youths with about 29.7% and 25.7% of youths aged between 15-34 years reported in the third quarter of 2018 as been underemployment and unemployment respectively (Nigerian Bureau of Statistics, 2018). Limited access to employment opportunities is a key challenge because economic growth does not translate into employment. This jobless growth is due to economic and political crises that has plagued the country for years and which needs to be tackled. Policy-relevant discussions must first identify POLICY BRIEF
Journal Of The History Of Medicine And Allied Sciences, 2019
In the first half of the eighteenth century, the German physician Michael Alberti was responsible... more In the first half of the eighteenth century, the German physician Michael Alberti was responsible for hundreds of dissertations and other works in medicine. While the bulk of the production reflected the dominating medical topics of his time, he also developed an original focus on the internal senses and their effects on bodily health and disease. Depending on whether internal senses, such as imagination and memory, were cultivated in the right way or not, they could work as powerful remedies or as equally powerful triggers of disease and even death. This article explores this little known strand of early modern medicine in three steps. First, it shows that Alberti’s medicine took form in intimate connection to the Stahlian brand of Pietist medicine. As such, it further elaborated an existing strand of medicine that was intimately connected to German Pietism. Second, it analyses in some detail the role of the internal senses from a pathological and therapeutic perspective as well as...
African Journal of Economic and Management Studies, 2019
Purpose The purpose of this paper is threefold: to assess the gender gaps and the patterns of fem... more Purpose The purpose of this paper is threefold: to assess the gender gaps and the patterns of female workforce in agriculture; to examine the level of household decision making among the principal males and females in the household; and to estimate the time spent by the principal males and females in the household by activities in Nigeria. Design/methodology/approach The study made use of secondary data obtained from various sources such as published articles, research reports, unpublished discussion paper, policy documents, national and international databases (World Bank World Development Indicators, United Nations Development Programme and the ECOWAS-RAAF-PASANAO survey conducted in Nigeria in 2017), and position papers. The information gathered covers a range of empirical and conceptual issues relating to labour, share of women contributing to agriculture and other gender-related issues. The study covered 1,747 maize and/or rice producing households spread across 141 farming com...
Food price volatility has become an issue of great concerns to researchers, policy makers, govern... more Food price volatility has become an issue of great concerns to researchers, policy makers, governments and development workers worldwide, Nigeria inclusive. Against the background of limited, and mixed findings on the nature, and drivers of price volatility in Nigeria (and some other African countries), developing effective policies to calm food price instability remains a speculation. Consequently, this study examined the potential roles of trade and domestic policies, including certain external and local factors on price volatility of specific grains in Nigeria. Time time series data from different secondary sources were used for analysis with a dynamic panel data (fixed effects) model as the main econometrics model. Except for domestic price of imported rice, price volatility in grain markets have not increased markedly in the wake of global food crises. Whereas tariffs and trade openness play insignificant role in explaining volatility in grain markets, political stability, narr...
Journal of Chinese Economic and Foreign Trade Studies
Purpose The paper is a preliminary assessment of coronavirus disease’s (COVID-19) effects on Afri... more Purpose The paper is a preliminary assessment of coronavirus disease’s (COVID-19) effects on African trade, policy responses and opportunities within the limitations imposed by data and the information currently available and in the lights of other international organizations’ growth forecasts. The study was undertaken to get deeper understanding of the threats and opportunities of COVID-19 on African trade because of the existing interconnected trade networks making African countries to be more vulnerable and increasing number of restrictions and distortions among major traders. This study aims to present strong information required in underpinning sound national, regional and inter-regional policy responses to keep trade flowing. Design/methodology/approach To assess COVID-19’s effects on African trade, policy responses and opportunities, this study relied on data and information currently available from organizations such as World Trade Organization (WTO), World Bank (WB), Organi...
Developing Sustainable Food Systems, Policies, and Securities
Land is one of the most valuable assets required for agricultural production. In Africa, smallhol... more Land is one of the most valuable assets required for agricultural production. In Africa, smallholder agricultural producers are faced with a lot of challenges that have highly impacted on productivity and sustainable food systems. The global demand for agricultural land for food and bio-fuel production has increasingly led to the emergence of land grabbing after the 2007-08 food price crisis. The rural poor are the victim of land grabbing as they are faced with declining farmlands, low income generation, and loss of livelihood activities. These have affected the food security status of the rural poor as farmlands are taken from them. The proponents of land grabbing revealed that developing countries are expected to benefit from investments inflow on grabbed land, development of infrastructure, increased income generation, and job creation. They argue that investment in agriculture is necessary to stimulate agricultural production; however, this situation has brought negative effects...
Developing Sustainable Food Systems, Policies, and Securities
Over the past decades, the food systems in developing countries have transformed rapidly. However... more Over the past decades, the food systems in developing countries have transformed rapidly. However, the rise in social inequalities has negatively affected, the vulnerable groups as the benefits associated with these transformations are still skewed. This chapter examined the role of gender inclusiveness in promoting sustainable food systems. Employment trends revealed that agricultural employment was higher among males. Five asymmetries (assets, access to agricultural market, access to technology, resilience and risks, and decision making) were identified as limitations to sustainable food systems stemming from the gender differentiated roles. The gender action learning system methodology was adopted using strategies such as empowering men and women through community action learning during catalyst workshops, gender mainstreaming for innovation and institutional change at organizational level, and through advocacy network for policy improvement at the national level. The study concl...
African Journal of Economic and Management Studies
Purpose The purpose of this paper is threefold: to assess the gender gaps and the patterns of fem... more Purpose The purpose of this paper is threefold: to assess the gender gaps and the patterns of female workforce in agriculture; to examine the level of household decision making among the principal males and females in the household; and to estimate the time spent by the principal males and females in the household by activities in Nigeria. Design/methodology/approach The study made use of secondary data obtained from various sources such as published articles, research reports, unpublished discussion paper, policy documents, national and international databases (World Bank World Development Indicators, United Nations Development Programme and the ECOWAS-RAAF-PASANAO survey conducted in Nigeria in 2017), and position papers. The information gathered covers a range of empirical and conceptual issues relating to labour, share of women contributing to agriculture and other gender-related issues. The study covered 1,747 maize and/or rice producing households spread across 141 farming com...
This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the ad... more This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.
IntroductionShifting to Resilient Farming Practices (RFPs) is crucial in building resilience to c... more IntroductionShifting to Resilient Farming Practices (RFPs) is crucial in building resilience to climate change and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. This study seeks to assess how land tenure and land-use antecedents affect the willingness of smallholder farmers (SHFs) to embrace RFPs in Nigeria.MethodsThe respondents were selected in a multi-stage random sampling process across 16 States and 192 farming communities, yielding a final sample of 1,344 SHFs that cultivate maize and/or rice. The RFPs include a set of good agricultural practices (GAPs), GAPs with manure application and GAPs with agroforestry as against the status quo of conventional agricultural practices. Data were analyzed using descriptive and regression methods.Results and discussionThe results show that 20% of the respondents were willing to adopt agroforestry while 25% and 37% were willing to adopt GAPs with and without manure application respectively. On the other hand, about 18% preferred to stick to the status ...
International Journal of Social Sciences and Economic Review
Purpose of the study: This paper summarizes the existing literature on the inequality-poverty dyn... more Purpose of the study: This paper summarizes the existing literature on the inequality-poverty dynamics dilemma by presenting discoveries and novel ways to close a gap in the literature. The study focused on whether economic differences slow or stop people from falling into or staying out of poverty over time. Methodology: The study extensively reviews the literature on measures of economic inequality and poverty dynamics. Main Findings: Findings from the reviewed literature revealed that economic inequality is a crucial determinant of the transition to poverty. Inequality contains poverty, and poverty persists because of the presence of inequality. The direction of the association between poverty and economic inequality is still debatable in the literature, with no general consensus. Some findings show that the direction of the relationship is negative; others say it is positive, bidirectional, and inconclusive. Research limitations/implications: Poverty dynamics and economic inequa...
In the wake of climate change, climate-smart agriculture has been proposed as an option for mitig... more In the wake of climate change, climate-smart agriculture has been proposed as an option for mitigation and adaptation to the attendant harsh impacts among smallholder farmers in Africa. The approach has been promoted for nearly two decades in Kenya, Nigeria, and Malawi, but with low adoption among farmers. This study therefore sought to determine the pathways for sustainable scaling of climate-smart agricultural technologies and practices in the three countries. Secondary and primary data were obtained from desk review, field survey, key informant interviews, and focus group discussions. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and multivariate probit regression. The multivariate probit regression result showed eight negative correlated coefficients between the climate-smart agriculture technologies and practices adopted, thus implying that the practices are substitutes for each other. It was observed that gender had no significant influence on the adoption of a set of practic...
The rising incidence of youth unemployment, especially in emerging economies, calls for prompt at... more The rising incidence of youth unemployment, especially in emerging economies, calls for prompt attention of development experts and policy makers given its effect on sustainable growth. This challenge has worsened in recent times in Nigeria, hence, making it crucial to understand the factors driving youth employment. We analyzed the differential impact of sectoral growth on youth employment across rural and urban areas through a gender lens and identified the specific conditions needed for investment in sectors with potentials for job creation in the Nigerian economy. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, revealed comparative advantage (RCA), employment elasticity, and Logit regression model. It was observed that Nigeria has demonstrated a comparative advantage in the export of 17 products. Our findings also revealed that all the economic sectors in Nigeria have potential for creating employment at different levels with financial services contributing the highest (0.734) ...
The Nigeria economy continues to be plagued with unemployment especially amongst youths with abou... more The Nigeria economy continues to be plagued with unemployment especially amongst youths with about 29.7% and 25.7% of youths aged between 15-34 years reported in the third quarter of 2018 as been underemployment and unemployment respectively (Nigerian Bureau of Statistics, 2018). Limited access to employment opportunities is a key challenge because economic growth does not translate into employment. This jobless growth is due to economic and political crises that has plagued the country for years and which needs to be tackled. Policy-relevant discussions must first identify POLICY BRIEF
Journal Of The History Of Medicine And Allied Sciences, 2019
In the first half of the eighteenth century, the German physician Michael Alberti was responsible... more In the first half of the eighteenth century, the German physician Michael Alberti was responsible for hundreds of dissertations and other works in medicine. While the bulk of the production reflected the dominating medical topics of his time, he also developed an original focus on the internal senses and their effects on bodily health and disease. Depending on whether internal senses, such as imagination and memory, were cultivated in the right way or not, they could work as powerful remedies or as equally powerful triggers of disease and even death. This article explores this little known strand of early modern medicine in three steps. First, it shows that Alberti’s medicine took form in intimate connection to the Stahlian brand of Pietist medicine. As such, it further elaborated an existing strand of medicine that was intimately connected to German Pietism. Second, it analyses in some detail the role of the internal senses from a pathological and therapeutic perspective as well as...
African Journal of Economic and Management Studies, 2019
Purpose The purpose of this paper is threefold: to assess the gender gaps and the patterns of fem... more Purpose The purpose of this paper is threefold: to assess the gender gaps and the patterns of female workforce in agriculture; to examine the level of household decision making among the principal males and females in the household; and to estimate the time spent by the principal males and females in the household by activities in Nigeria. Design/methodology/approach The study made use of secondary data obtained from various sources such as published articles, research reports, unpublished discussion paper, policy documents, national and international databases (World Bank World Development Indicators, United Nations Development Programme and the ECOWAS-RAAF-PASANAO survey conducted in Nigeria in 2017), and position papers. The information gathered covers a range of empirical and conceptual issues relating to labour, share of women contributing to agriculture and other gender-related issues. The study covered 1,747 maize and/or rice producing households spread across 141 farming com...
Food price volatility has become an issue of great concerns to researchers, policy makers, govern... more Food price volatility has become an issue of great concerns to researchers, policy makers, governments and development workers worldwide, Nigeria inclusive. Against the background of limited, and mixed findings on the nature, and drivers of price volatility in Nigeria (and some other African countries), developing effective policies to calm food price instability remains a speculation. Consequently, this study examined the potential roles of trade and domestic policies, including certain external and local factors on price volatility of specific grains in Nigeria. Time time series data from different secondary sources were used for analysis with a dynamic panel data (fixed effects) model as the main econometrics model. Except for domestic price of imported rice, price volatility in grain markets have not increased markedly in the wake of global food crises. Whereas tariffs and trade openness play insignificant role in explaining volatility in grain markets, political stability, narr...
Journal of Chinese Economic and Foreign Trade Studies
Purpose The paper is a preliminary assessment of coronavirus disease’s (COVID-19) effects on Afri... more Purpose The paper is a preliminary assessment of coronavirus disease’s (COVID-19) effects on African trade, policy responses and opportunities within the limitations imposed by data and the information currently available and in the lights of other international organizations’ growth forecasts. The study was undertaken to get deeper understanding of the threats and opportunities of COVID-19 on African trade because of the existing interconnected trade networks making African countries to be more vulnerable and increasing number of restrictions and distortions among major traders. This study aims to present strong information required in underpinning sound national, regional and inter-regional policy responses to keep trade flowing. Design/methodology/approach To assess COVID-19’s effects on African trade, policy responses and opportunities, this study relied on data and information currently available from organizations such as World Trade Organization (WTO), World Bank (WB), Organi...
Developing Sustainable Food Systems, Policies, and Securities
Land is one of the most valuable assets required for agricultural production. In Africa, smallhol... more Land is one of the most valuable assets required for agricultural production. In Africa, smallholder agricultural producers are faced with a lot of challenges that have highly impacted on productivity and sustainable food systems. The global demand for agricultural land for food and bio-fuel production has increasingly led to the emergence of land grabbing after the 2007-08 food price crisis. The rural poor are the victim of land grabbing as they are faced with declining farmlands, low income generation, and loss of livelihood activities. These have affected the food security status of the rural poor as farmlands are taken from them. The proponents of land grabbing revealed that developing countries are expected to benefit from investments inflow on grabbed land, development of infrastructure, increased income generation, and job creation. They argue that investment in agriculture is necessary to stimulate agricultural production; however, this situation has brought negative effects...
Developing Sustainable Food Systems, Policies, and Securities
Over the past decades, the food systems in developing countries have transformed rapidly. However... more Over the past decades, the food systems in developing countries have transformed rapidly. However, the rise in social inequalities has negatively affected, the vulnerable groups as the benefits associated with these transformations are still skewed. This chapter examined the role of gender inclusiveness in promoting sustainable food systems. Employment trends revealed that agricultural employment was higher among males. Five asymmetries (assets, access to agricultural market, access to technology, resilience and risks, and decision making) were identified as limitations to sustainable food systems stemming from the gender differentiated roles. The gender action learning system methodology was adopted using strategies such as empowering men and women through community action learning during catalyst workshops, gender mainstreaming for innovation and institutional change at organizational level, and through advocacy network for policy improvement at the national level. The study concl...
African Journal of Economic and Management Studies
Purpose The purpose of this paper is threefold: to assess the gender gaps and the patterns of fem... more Purpose The purpose of this paper is threefold: to assess the gender gaps and the patterns of female workforce in agriculture; to examine the level of household decision making among the principal males and females in the household; and to estimate the time spent by the principal males and females in the household by activities in Nigeria. Design/methodology/approach The study made use of secondary data obtained from various sources such as published articles, research reports, unpublished discussion paper, policy documents, national and international databases (World Bank World Development Indicators, United Nations Development Programme and the ECOWAS-RAAF-PASANAO survey conducted in Nigeria in 2017), and position papers. The information gathered covers a range of empirical and conceptual issues relating to labour, share of women contributing to agriculture and other gender-related issues. The study covered 1,747 maize and/or rice producing households spread across 141 farming com...
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