Background Sedentary behavior or physical inactivity is considered a foremost contributor to the ... more Background Sedentary behavior or physical inactivity is considered a foremost contributor to the rise in obesity and overweight and a risk factor for several non-communicable diseases. However, its effect on the etiopathogenesis of some diseases is underestimated in both developed and developing countries worldwide. The present study designed a novel sedentary cage with a view to achieving sedentariness in rats, and also investigated the effectiveness of the cage in achieving sedentariness by assessing some markers of cardiometabolic risks in Wistar rats. Methods Adult male Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups of six rats. Rats in Group 1 were the control. The sedentary groups were 4-hr. sedentary and 8-hr. sedentary. The sedentary rats were subjected to restrained movements for 4 and 8 hours daily in the sedentary cage for 3 months. Anthropometric indices, food consumption and blood pressure parameters of the rats were measured. Microalbuminuria and serum glucose, uric acid, albu...
This study aimed at determining changes in plasma activities of some enzymes and concentrations o... more This study aimed at determining changes in plasma activities of some enzymes and concentrations of plasma organic constituents which are often used in the assessment of liver functions in uninfected rats (UNR) and Plasmodium berghei infected rats (INR), following a week of intramuscular administration of artemether (12.5 to 50.0 mg/kg/day). The observed changes were related to the effects of artemether on the liver of the rats. At all the doses tested, the plasma concentrations of total and conjugated bilirubin increased significantly in both INR and UNR. A significant decrease in the plasma concentrations of glucose was also observed in UNR. The levels of cholesterol were significantly higher in INR than UNR. Plasma glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) activity was significantly increased in both categories of rats, but more significantly in INR. The activity of plasma glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) increased significantly at 12.5 and 25.0 mg/kg only in UNR, while a sig...
AIM: To determine the effects of polyphenol-rich extract of the leaves of Vernonia amygdalina (PE... more AIM: To determine the effects of polyphenol-rich extract of the leaves of Vernonia amygdalina (PEVA) in rats with Cd-induced nephropathy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty five male Wistar rats were divided into five groups as follows; Group 1 received distilled water throughout the period of study. Group 2 received 5 mg/kg body weight of cadmium (Cd), in the form of CdSO4, for five consecutive days via intraperitoneal route. Groups 3, 4 and 5 were pretreated with Cd as group 2 and thereafter received oral treatment of PEVA for 4 weeks at 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg body weight, respectively. RESULTS: Exposure to Cd toxicity significantly induced deleterious alterations in plasma and urine levels of creatinine, urea and glucose as well as creatinine and urea clearance (p < 0.05) in the rat model. There was a significant disturbance in the antioxidant system as revealed by the levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) and reduced glutathione (GSH) (p < 0.05) in...
Latin American and Caribbean Bulletin of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 2004
Ethnopharmacology and scientific reports indicate the use of C. podocarpa leaf as a purgative rec... more Ethnopharmacology and scientific reports indicate the use of C. podocarpa leaf as a purgative recipe. This study attempts to find the in vitro effects of its aqueous infusion (ACPL) and methanolic extract (MCPL) on the intestines of rats, using those of C. acutifolia leaf (ACAL and MCAL) as reference standard. MCPL relaxed the ileum and colon dose dependently. Its effect was blocked by tolazoline. ACPL and ACAL contracted the colon dose dependently. Hexamethonium potentiated the effect of ACPL, while nifedipine blocked it. MCAL relaxed the ileum dose dependently. Its effect was blocked by tolazoline. The effect of ACAL was blocked by atropine, promethazine and nifedipine. ACPL was more potent than ACAL in contracting the colon. These results then suggest the following: MCPL and MCAL relaxed the ileum by α–adrenergic system. ACPL caused purgation by L-type calcium channel activation. ACAL caused purgation by cholinergic system, H1 receptor stimulation and calcium channel activation. ...
This study aimed at determining changes in plasma activities of some enzymes and concentrations o... more This study aimed at determining changes in plasma activities of some enzymes and concentrations of plasma organic constituents which are often used in the assessment of liver functions in uninfected rats (UNR) and Plasmodium berghei infected rats (INR), following a week of intramuscular administration of artemether (12.5 to 50.0 mg/kg/day). The observed changes were related to the effects of artemether on the liver of the rats. At all the doses tested, the plasma concentrations of total and conjugated bilirubin increased significantly in both INR and UNR. A significant decrease in the plasma concentrations of glucose was also observed in UNR. The levels of cholesterol were significantly higher in INR than UNR. Plasma glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) activity was significantly increased in both categories of rats, but more significantly in INR. The activity of plasma glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) increased significantly at 12.5 and 25.0 mg/kg only in UNR, while a sig...
AIM: To determine the effects of polyphenol-rich extract of the leaves of Vernonia amygdalina (PE... more AIM: To determine the effects of polyphenol-rich extract of the leaves of Vernonia amygdalina (PEVA) in rats with Cd-induced nephropathy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty five male Wistar rats were divided into five groups as follows; Group 1 received distilled water throughout the period of study. Group 2 received 5 mg/kg body weight of cadmium (Cd), in the form of CdSO4, for five consecutive days via intraperitoneal route. Groups 3, 4 and 5 were pretreated with Cd as group 2 and thereafter received oral treatment of PEVA for 4 weeks at 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg body weight, respectively. RESULTS: Exposure to Cd toxicity significantly induced deleterious alterations in plasma and urine levels of creatinine, urea and glucose as well as creatinine and urea clearance (p < 0.05) in the rat model. There was a significant disturbance in the antioxidant system as revealed by the levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) and reduced glutathione (GSH) (p < 0.05) in...
Aim: This study investigated the effects of oral kolaviron administration on proteinuria in Wista... more Aim: This study investigated the effects of oral kolaviron administration on proteinuria in Wistar rats. Methods: The study used twenty (20) Wistar rats that were divided into 4 groups of 5 rats each. Group 1 received 2 ml/kg of propylene glycol, orally, for 30 consecutive days before they were sacrificed. Groups 2, 3 and 4 received graded doses of kolaviron at 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg (p.o.) respectively, for 30 consecutive days before they were also sacrificed. Results: Graded doses of kolaviron (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg p.o.) significantly lowered urine total protein and urine total proteincreatinine ratio with > 80 % reduction when compared with the control. However, creatinine clearance was significantly increased while the fractional excretions of Na+ and urea were significantly lowered. While plasma electrolytes were normal, the urinary excretion of Na+, K+ and Cl- where significantly increased in the kolaviron-treated groups. Urine output of the kolaviron-treated...
Latin American and Caribbean Bulletin of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 2004
Ethnopharmacology and scientific reports indicate the use of C. podocarpa leaf as a purgative rec... more Ethnopharmacology and scientific reports indicate the use of C. podocarpa leaf as a purgative recipe. This study attempts to find the in vitro effects of its aqueous infusion (ACPL) and methanolic extract (MCPL) on the intestines of rats, using those of C. acutifolia leaf (ACAL and MCAL) as reference standard. MCPL relaxed the ileum and colon dose dependently. Its effect was blocked by tolazoline. ACPL and ACAL contracted the colon dose dependently. Hexamethonium potentiated the effect of ACPL, while nifedipine blocked it. MCAL relaxed the ileum dose dependently. Its effect was blocked by tolazoline. The effect of ACAL was blocked by atropine, promethazine and nifedipine. ACPL was more potent than ACAL in contracting the colon. These results then suggest the following: MCPL and MCAL relaxed the ileum by α–adrenergic system. ACPL caused purgation by L-type calcium channel activation. ACAL caused purgation by cholinergic system, H1 receptor stimulation and calcium channel activation. ...
This study investigated the quantitative polyphenolic constituents and gastroprotective effects o... more This study investigated the quantitative polyphenolic constituents and gastroprotective effects of methanol extract of Vernonia amygdalina leaf (MEVA) against aspirin-induced gastric ulcer in rats. Ulceration was induced by 3 days’ oral administration of aspirin (150 mg/kg body weight). Wistar rats were pretreated with cimetidine (reference drug) at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight and MEVA at 200, 300, and 400 mg/kg body weight once daily for 28 days prior to ulcer induction. At the end of the experiment, gastric secretions, antioxidant status, and histopathological alteration were evaluated. We observed that the significantly increased ulcer index, gastric volume, free and total acidity, malondialdehyde level, and pepsin activity were effectively reduced following treatment with 200 and 300 mg/kg MEVA. The extract also markedly attenuated the reduced activity of superoxide dismutase and reduced glutathione level as well as pH and mucin content in the ulcerated rats. Administration ...
Aim: This study investigated the effects of oral kolaviron administration on proteinuria in Wista... more Aim: This study investigated the effects of oral kolaviron administration on proteinuria in Wistar rats. Methods: The study used twenty (20) Wistar rats that were divided into 4 groups of 5 rats each. Group 1 received 2 ml/kg of propylene glycol, orally, for 30 consecutive days before they were sacrificed. Groups 2, 3 and 4 received graded doses of kolaviron at 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg (p.o.) respectively, for 30 consecutive days before they were also sacrificed. Results: Graded doses of kolaviron (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg p.o.) significantly lowered urine total protein and urine total proteincreatinine ratio with > 80 % reduction when compared with the control. However, creatinine clearance was significantly increased while the fractional excretions of Na+ and urea were significantly lowered. While plasma electrolytes were normal, the urinary excretion of Na+, K+ and Cl- where significantly increased in the kolaviron-treated groups. Urine output of the kolaviron-treated...
This study investigated the quantitative polyphenolic constituents and gastroprotective effects o... more This study investigated the quantitative polyphenolic constituents and gastroprotective effects of methanol extract of Vernonia amygdalina leaf (MEVA) against aspirin-induced gastric ulcer in rats. Ulceration was induced by 3 days’ oral administration of aspirin (150 mg/kg body weight). Wistar rats were pretreated with cimetidine (reference drug) at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight and MEVA at 200, 300, and 400 mg/kg body weight once daily for 28 days prior to ulcer induction. At the end of the experiment, gastric secretions, antioxidant status, and histopathological alteration were evaluated. We observed that the significantly increased ulcer index, gastric volume, free and total acidity, malondialdehyde level, and pepsin activity were effectively reduced following treatment with 200 and 300 mg/kg MEVA. The extract also markedly attenuated the reduced activity of superoxide dismutase and reduced glutathione level as well as pH and mucin content in the ulcerated rats. Administration ...
Background Sedentary behavior or physical inactivity is considered a foremost contributor to the ... more Background Sedentary behavior or physical inactivity is considered a foremost contributor to the rise in obesity and overweight and a risk factor for several non-communicable diseases. However, its effect on the etiopathogenesis of some diseases is underestimated in both developed and developing countries worldwide. The present study designed a novel sedentary cage with a view to achieving sedentariness in rats, and also investigated the effectiveness of the cage in achieving sedentariness by assessing some markers of cardiometabolic risks in Wistar rats. Methods Adult male Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups of six rats. Rats in Group 1 were the control. The sedentary groups were 4-hr. sedentary and 8-hr. sedentary. The sedentary rats were subjected to restrained movements for 4 and 8 hours daily in the sedentary cage for 3 months. Anthropometric indices, food consumption and blood pressure parameters of the rats were measured. Microalbuminuria and serum glucose, uric acid, albu...
This study aimed at determining changes in plasma activities of some enzymes and concentrations o... more This study aimed at determining changes in plasma activities of some enzymes and concentrations of plasma organic constituents which are often used in the assessment of liver functions in uninfected rats (UNR) and Plasmodium berghei infected rats (INR), following a week of intramuscular administration of artemether (12.5 to 50.0 mg/kg/day). The observed changes were related to the effects of artemether on the liver of the rats. At all the doses tested, the plasma concentrations of total and conjugated bilirubin increased significantly in both INR and UNR. A significant decrease in the plasma concentrations of glucose was also observed in UNR. The levels of cholesterol were significantly higher in INR than UNR. Plasma glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) activity was significantly increased in both categories of rats, but more significantly in INR. The activity of plasma glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) increased significantly at 12.5 and 25.0 mg/kg only in UNR, while a sig...
AIM: To determine the effects of polyphenol-rich extract of the leaves of Vernonia amygdalina (PE... more AIM: To determine the effects of polyphenol-rich extract of the leaves of Vernonia amygdalina (PEVA) in rats with Cd-induced nephropathy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty five male Wistar rats were divided into five groups as follows; Group 1 received distilled water throughout the period of study. Group 2 received 5 mg/kg body weight of cadmium (Cd), in the form of CdSO4, for five consecutive days via intraperitoneal route. Groups 3, 4 and 5 were pretreated with Cd as group 2 and thereafter received oral treatment of PEVA for 4 weeks at 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg body weight, respectively. RESULTS: Exposure to Cd toxicity significantly induced deleterious alterations in plasma and urine levels of creatinine, urea and glucose as well as creatinine and urea clearance (p < 0.05) in the rat model. There was a significant disturbance in the antioxidant system as revealed by the levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) and reduced glutathione (GSH) (p < 0.05) in...
Latin American and Caribbean Bulletin of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 2004
Ethnopharmacology and scientific reports indicate the use of C. podocarpa leaf as a purgative rec... more Ethnopharmacology and scientific reports indicate the use of C. podocarpa leaf as a purgative recipe. This study attempts to find the in vitro effects of its aqueous infusion (ACPL) and methanolic extract (MCPL) on the intestines of rats, using those of C. acutifolia leaf (ACAL and MCAL) as reference standard. MCPL relaxed the ileum and colon dose dependently. Its effect was blocked by tolazoline. ACPL and ACAL contracted the colon dose dependently. Hexamethonium potentiated the effect of ACPL, while nifedipine blocked it. MCAL relaxed the ileum dose dependently. Its effect was blocked by tolazoline. The effect of ACAL was blocked by atropine, promethazine and nifedipine. ACPL was more potent than ACAL in contracting the colon. These results then suggest the following: MCPL and MCAL relaxed the ileum by α–adrenergic system. ACPL caused purgation by L-type calcium channel activation. ACAL caused purgation by cholinergic system, H1 receptor stimulation and calcium channel activation. ...
This study aimed at determining changes in plasma activities of some enzymes and concentrations o... more This study aimed at determining changes in plasma activities of some enzymes and concentrations of plasma organic constituents which are often used in the assessment of liver functions in uninfected rats (UNR) and Plasmodium berghei infected rats (INR), following a week of intramuscular administration of artemether (12.5 to 50.0 mg/kg/day). The observed changes were related to the effects of artemether on the liver of the rats. At all the doses tested, the plasma concentrations of total and conjugated bilirubin increased significantly in both INR and UNR. A significant decrease in the plasma concentrations of glucose was also observed in UNR. The levels of cholesterol were significantly higher in INR than UNR. Plasma glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) activity was significantly increased in both categories of rats, but more significantly in INR. The activity of plasma glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) increased significantly at 12.5 and 25.0 mg/kg only in UNR, while a sig...
AIM: To determine the effects of polyphenol-rich extract of the leaves of Vernonia amygdalina (PE... more AIM: To determine the effects of polyphenol-rich extract of the leaves of Vernonia amygdalina (PEVA) in rats with Cd-induced nephropathy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty five male Wistar rats were divided into five groups as follows; Group 1 received distilled water throughout the period of study. Group 2 received 5 mg/kg body weight of cadmium (Cd), in the form of CdSO4, for five consecutive days via intraperitoneal route. Groups 3, 4 and 5 were pretreated with Cd as group 2 and thereafter received oral treatment of PEVA for 4 weeks at 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg body weight, respectively. RESULTS: Exposure to Cd toxicity significantly induced deleterious alterations in plasma and urine levels of creatinine, urea and glucose as well as creatinine and urea clearance (p < 0.05) in the rat model. There was a significant disturbance in the antioxidant system as revealed by the levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) and reduced glutathione (GSH) (p < 0.05) in...
Aim: This study investigated the effects of oral kolaviron administration on proteinuria in Wista... more Aim: This study investigated the effects of oral kolaviron administration on proteinuria in Wistar rats. Methods: The study used twenty (20) Wistar rats that were divided into 4 groups of 5 rats each. Group 1 received 2 ml/kg of propylene glycol, orally, for 30 consecutive days before they were sacrificed. Groups 2, 3 and 4 received graded doses of kolaviron at 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg (p.o.) respectively, for 30 consecutive days before they were also sacrificed. Results: Graded doses of kolaviron (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg p.o.) significantly lowered urine total protein and urine total proteincreatinine ratio with > 80 % reduction when compared with the control. However, creatinine clearance was significantly increased while the fractional excretions of Na+ and urea were significantly lowered. While plasma electrolytes were normal, the urinary excretion of Na+, K+ and Cl- where significantly increased in the kolaviron-treated groups. Urine output of the kolaviron-treated...
Latin American and Caribbean Bulletin of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 2004
Ethnopharmacology and scientific reports indicate the use of C. podocarpa leaf as a purgative rec... more Ethnopharmacology and scientific reports indicate the use of C. podocarpa leaf as a purgative recipe. This study attempts to find the in vitro effects of its aqueous infusion (ACPL) and methanolic extract (MCPL) on the intestines of rats, using those of C. acutifolia leaf (ACAL and MCAL) as reference standard. MCPL relaxed the ileum and colon dose dependently. Its effect was blocked by tolazoline. ACPL and ACAL contracted the colon dose dependently. Hexamethonium potentiated the effect of ACPL, while nifedipine blocked it. MCAL relaxed the ileum dose dependently. Its effect was blocked by tolazoline. The effect of ACAL was blocked by atropine, promethazine and nifedipine. ACPL was more potent than ACAL in contracting the colon. These results then suggest the following: MCPL and MCAL relaxed the ileum by α–adrenergic system. ACPL caused purgation by L-type calcium channel activation. ACAL caused purgation by cholinergic system, H1 receptor stimulation and calcium channel activation. ...
This study investigated the quantitative polyphenolic constituents and gastroprotective effects o... more This study investigated the quantitative polyphenolic constituents and gastroprotective effects of methanol extract of Vernonia amygdalina leaf (MEVA) against aspirin-induced gastric ulcer in rats. Ulceration was induced by 3 days’ oral administration of aspirin (150 mg/kg body weight). Wistar rats were pretreated with cimetidine (reference drug) at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight and MEVA at 200, 300, and 400 mg/kg body weight once daily for 28 days prior to ulcer induction. At the end of the experiment, gastric secretions, antioxidant status, and histopathological alteration were evaluated. We observed that the significantly increased ulcer index, gastric volume, free and total acidity, malondialdehyde level, and pepsin activity were effectively reduced following treatment with 200 and 300 mg/kg MEVA. The extract also markedly attenuated the reduced activity of superoxide dismutase and reduced glutathione level as well as pH and mucin content in the ulcerated rats. Administration ...
Aim: This study investigated the effects of oral kolaviron administration on proteinuria in Wista... more Aim: This study investigated the effects of oral kolaviron administration on proteinuria in Wistar rats. Methods: The study used twenty (20) Wistar rats that were divided into 4 groups of 5 rats each. Group 1 received 2 ml/kg of propylene glycol, orally, for 30 consecutive days before they were sacrificed. Groups 2, 3 and 4 received graded doses of kolaviron at 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg (p.o.) respectively, for 30 consecutive days before they were also sacrificed. Results: Graded doses of kolaviron (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg p.o.) significantly lowered urine total protein and urine total proteincreatinine ratio with > 80 % reduction when compared with the control. However, creatinine clearance was significantly increased while the fractional excretions of Na+ and urea were significantly lowered. While plasma electrolytes were normal, the urinary excretion of Na+, K+ and Cl- where significantly increased in the kolaviron-treated groups. Urine output of the kolaviron-treated...
This study investigated the quantitative polyphenolic constituents and gastroprotective effects o... more This study investigated the quantitative polyphenolic constituents and gastroprotective effects of methanol extract of Vernonia amygdalina leaf (MEVA) against aspirin-induced gastric ulcer in rats. Ulceration was induced by 3 days’ oral administration of aspirin (150 mg/kg body weight). Wistar rats were pretreated with cimetidine (reference drug) at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight and MEVA at 200, 300, and 400 mg/kg body weight once daily for 28 days prior to ulcer induction. At the end of the experiment, gastric secretions, antioxidant status, and histopathological alteration were evaluated. We observed that the significantly increased ulcer index, gastric volume, free and total acidity, malondialdehyde level, and pepsin activity were effectively reduced following treatment with 200 and 300 mg/kg MEVA. The extract also markedly attenuated the reduced activity of superoxide dismutase and reduced glutathione level as well as pH and mucin content in the ulcerated rats. Administration ...
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