Papers by Robert Witkowicz
Journal of Cereal Science, 2016
Cereal Chem. X(X):X–X This experiment was aimed at comparing the sensory, nutritional, and bioact... more Cereal Chem. X(X):X–X This experiment was aimed at comparing the sensory, nutritional, and bioactive parameters of tempe-type products obtained from quinoa seeds by means of solid-state fermentation with Rhizopus oligosporus. Quinoa tempe was compact and nonsporulating, of 61–65% moisture content. The products were favorably assessed by a sensory panel. Tempe from colored and white quinoa differed according to descriptive profiling of texture and flavor. As compared with the substrates, tempe had more protein (15–20%), free amino acids (5.5-fold to ninefold), and fiber (on average 48%, with increased share of soluble fraction), higher antiradical activity (160%), and higher reducing power. Quinoa tempe contained on average 160 g/kg dry matter (DM) of protein, 759 g/kg DM of carbohydrates, and 56 g/kg DM of fat. Black quinoa tempe was the richest in total fiber (180 g/kg DM) and insoluble fiber (155 g/kg DM). Products differed according to antioxidant parameters: white quinoa tempe had the highest phenols level (6.8 mg/g DM), ABTS ×+ scavenging activity, and reducing power. Therefore, white and colored quinoa seeds can be recommended to obtain value-added tempe-type food products.
Due to the fact that soils in Poland are mostly light soils, there is a need to improve their phy... more Due to the fact that soils in Poland are mostly light soils, there is a need to improve their physical, chemical and biological properties. In addition, as a result of the decrease in the number of farm animals, a decrease in production of natural fertilizers can be observed. Low production of natural fertilizers speaks in favor of agricultural use of municipal sewage sludge in Poland. Municipal sewage sludge is composed of large quantities of macronutrients necessary for plants. This waste also contains significant amounts of organic substance. Chemical properties, including a high content of nitrogen, phosphorus, and often calcium,
speak in favor of environmental use of municipal sewage sludge. Increasing requirements with respect to environmental protection
cause the necessity to assess the effects of using organic waste for fertilization. In a farm located in the commune of Iwanowice
(Ma³opolska province), municipal sewage sludge was applied under spring barley cultivation. The soil on which municipal sewage sludge was applied was classified into the category of heavy soils with neutra reaction. When assessing the content of available nutrients (P, K, Mg) in the soil, their low content was determined. After application of municipal sewage sludge in a dose of 24 Mg fresh matter per hectare, which corresponded to 5.34 Mg DM·ha–1, under spring barley, beneficial changes in chemical properties of the soil were observed. An increase in soil abundance in organic carbon and total nitrogen was observed, as well as an increase in the content of available forms of phosphorus, potassium and magnesium. Based on the results of the conducted chemical analyses, it was established that biomass of spring barley fertilized with sewage sludge contained more macronutrients (N, P, K, Na, Ca and Mg), which improved its feed value. The field experiment showed that application of municipal sewage sludge increased uptake of macronutrients by spring barley.
Zywnosc.Nauka.Technologia.Jakosc/Food.Science.Technology.Quality, 2010
Zywnosc.Nauka.Technologia.Jakosc/Food.Science.Technology.Quality, 2010
Zywnosc.Nauka.Technologia.Jakosc/Food.Science.Technology.Quality, 2010
The factors promoting the use of sewage sludges in agriculture in Poland among others comprise a ... more The factors promoting the use of sewage sludges in agriculture in Poland among others comprise a considerable proportion of light soils, the necessity to improve their physicochemical properties and a decrease in production of natural fertilizers. Sewage sludges contain considerable amounts of nutrients necessary for plants, approximate to those found in farmyard manure. They also contain substantial quantities of organic substances and therefore should find environmental applications. Growing requirements of the environmental protection make necessary an assessment of the results of organic waste application as fertilizers.
Municipal sewage sludge was applied under spring barley on farm chosen in the Iwanowice commune in the Malopolska Region. The soils to which municipal sewage sludges were administered were counted among medium soils with slightly acid reaction. The content of bioavailable components in the soils was on a low level while the amount of heavy metals did not exceed the permissible values. Positive changes in the soil physicochemical properties were registered following the application of 1.20 t and 5.23t d.m. ∙ha-1 of sewage sludge under spring barley. An increase in the soil abundance in organic carbon, total nitrogen and raised amounts of bioavailable P and K were noted. Unfavourable changes noted in the soil chemical properties involved mainly a slight raise in heavy metal contents in soil. Chemical analysis of the plant material revealed that spring barley fertilized with sewage sludge did not contain heavy metals in the amounts exceeding consumption needs.
Among the cereals grown in Poland, oat grain contains the highest amount of ash, composed of macr... more Among the cereals grown in Poland, oat grain contains the highest amount of ash, composed of macro-and microelements. It has been suggested that applying increased levels of mineral fertilization, to newer cultivars of oat could have an impact on their grain yield and mineral composition.
Field experiments were conducted in two localities: Prusy (50q07' N; 20q04' E -one experiment) an... more Field experiments were conducted in two localities: Prusy (50q07' N; 20q04' E -one experiment) and Wierzbica (50q29' N; in 2003. The objective of this study was to analyse the influence of agronomic factors on the grain yield and on the content of macroelements in grain of different forms of naked oat. In Wierzbica the grain yield was determined statistically by the genotype, the phosphorus and potassium fertilization and the application of the plants growth regulator Moddus. In Prusy grain yield was determined only by the genotype (cultivars, strains). A concentration of macroelements in forms of oat was statistically different. In both localities the phosphorus and potassium fertilization and foliar application of urea, in general, had not the statistical influence on the content of the macroelements. An exception is the influence of the foliar application of urea on the content of potassium. Plant growth regulator Moddus caused changes in the content of macroelements. These changes were not always statistically significant, but always increased the concentration of macroelements. The second plant growth regulator Promalin did not cause changes in the concentration of macroelements.
Field experiments were conducted in two localities: Prusy (50°07’ N; 20°04’ E – one experiment) a... more Field experiments were conducted in two localities: Prusy (50°07’ N; 20°04’ E – one experiment) and Wierzbica (50°29’ N; 19°45’ E – two experiments) in 2003. The objective of this study was to analyse the influence of agronomic factors on the grain yield and on the content of macroelements in grain of different forms of naked oat. In Wierzbica the grain yield was determined statistically by the genotype, the phosphorus and potassium fertilization and the application of the plants growth regulator Moddus. In Prusy grain yield was determined only by the genotype (cultivars, strains). A concentration of macroelements in forms of oat was statistically different. In both localities the phosphorus and potassium fertilization and foliar application of urea, in general, had not the statistical influence on the content of the macroelements. An exception is the influence of the foliar application of urea on the content of potassium. Plant growth regulator Moddus caused changes in the content ...
Journal of Elemntology, 2009
Among the cereals grown in Poland, oat grain contains the highest amount of ash, composed of macr... more Among the cereals grown in Poland, oat grain contains the highest amount of ash, composed of macro-and microelements. It has been suggested that applying increased levels of mineral fertilization, to newer cultivars of oat could have an impact on their grain yield and mineral composition.
Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 2002
Growth analysis of French serradella plants was made by classical and functional methods. Relativ... more Growth analysis of French serradella plants was made by classical and functional methods. Relative Growth Rate, Leaf Area Ratio and Unit Leaf Rate were calculated on the basis of weekly measurements of dry matter and leaf area quantities. The dry matter accumulation in above-ground part of serradella plants was described by logistic functions. Their characteristics included the inflection points of the first and the second derivatives, the standard errors of parameters, the determination coefficient and the residual mean squares. The linear function, which was obtained after linearisation of the logistic function, allowed for confirmation of the hypothesis of statistical differentiation among behaviour plants of serradella growing in different conditions within the whole vegetation period.
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Papers by Robert Witkowicz
speak in favor of environmental use of municipal sewage sludge. Increasing requirements with respect to environmental protection
cause the necessity to assess the effects of using organic waste for fertilization. In a farm located in the commune of Iwanowice
(Ma³opolska province), municipal sewage sludge was applied under spring barley cultivation. The soil on which municipal sewage sludge was applied was classified into the category of heavy soils with neutra reaction. When assessing the content of available nutrients (P, K, Mg) in the soil, their low content was determined. After application of municipal sewage sludge in a dose of 24 Mg fresh matter per hectare, which corresponded to 5.34 Mg DM·ha–1, under spring barley, beneficial changes in chemical properties of the soil were observed. An increase in soil abundance in organic carbon and total nitrogen was observed, as well as an increase in the content of available forms of phosphorus, potassium and magnesium. Based on the results of the conducted chemical analyses, it was established that biomass of spring barley fertilized with sewage sludge contained more macronutrients (N, P, K, Na, Ca and Mg), which improved its feed value. The field experiment showed that application of municipal sewage sludge increased uptake of macronutrients by spring barley.
Municipal sewage sludge was applied under spring barley on farm chosen in the Iwanowice commune in the Malopolska Region. The soils to which municipal sewage sludges were administered were counted among medium soils with slightly acid reaction. The content of bioavailable components in the soils was on a low level while the amount of heavy metals did not exceed the permissible values. Positive changes in the soil physicochemical properties were registered following the application of 1.20 t and 5.23t d.m. ∙ha-1 of sewage sludge under spring barley. An increase in the soil abundance in organic carbon, total nitrogen and raised amounts of bioavailable P and K were noted. Unfavourable changes noted in the soil chemical properties involved mainly a slight raise in heavy metal contents in soil. Chemical analysis of the plant material revealed that spring barley fertilized with sewage sludge did not contain heavy metals in the amounts exceeding consumption needs.
speak in favor of environmental use of municipal sewage sludge. Increasing requirements with respect to environmental protection
cause the necessity to assess the effects of using organic waste for fertilization. In a farm located in the commune of Iwanowice
(Ma³opolska province), municipal sewage sludge was applied under spring barley cultivation. The soil on which municipal sewage sludge was applied was classified into the category of heavy soils with neutra reaction. When assessing the content of available nutrients (P, K, Mg) in the soil, their low content was determined. After application of municipal sewage sludge in a dose of 24 Mg fresh matter per hectare, which corresponded to 5.34 Mg DM·ha–1, under spring barley, beneficial changes in chemical properties of the soil were observed. An increase in soil abundance in organic carbon and total nitrogen was observed, as well as an increase in the content of available forms of phosphorus, potassium and magnesium. Based on the results of the conducted chemical analyses, it was established that biomass of spring barley fertilized with sewage sludge contained more macronutrients (N, P, K, Na, Ca and Mg), which improved its feed value. The field experiment showed that application of municipal sewage sludge increased uptake of macronutrients by spring barley.
Municipal sewage sludge was applied under spring barley on farm chosen in the Iwanowice commune in the Malopolska Region. The soils to which municipal sewage sludges were administered were counted among medium soils with slightly acid reaction. The content of bioavailable components in the soils was on a low level while the amount of heavy metals did not exceed the permissible values. Positive changes in the soil physicochemical properties were registered following the application of 1.20 t and 5.23t d.m. ∙ha-1 of sewage sludge under spring barley. An increase in the soil abundance in organic carbon, total nitrogen and raised amounts of bioavailable P and K were noted. Unfavourable changes noted in the soil chemical properties involved mainly a slight raise in heavy metal contents in soil. Chemical analysis of the plant material revealed that spring barley fertilized with sewage sludge did not contain heavy metals in the amounts exceeding consumption needs.