I read Ancient History at University College London (1977-1980) where I specialised in Egyptology. There I benefitted from the teaching of Margaret Drower and Amelie Kuhrt in Near Eastern History
This chapter reviews the recent debates within Egyptology and Kushite studies about the Libyan ru... more This chapter reviews the recent debates within Egyptology and Kushite studies about the Libyan rulers, ordering of Kushite kings, political geography of late-Libyan-Kushite Egypt, and the implications for Egyptian-Israelite relations. These are second proofs, with minor differences to the published version.
Doctoral thesis, UCL (University College London)., 1994
SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre-DSC:DX195601 / BLDSC - British Library... more SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre-DSC:DX195601 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo
A study of George Hoskins, with biographical information and a critique of his Travels in Ethiopi... more A study of George Hoskins, with biographical information and a critique of his Travels in Ethiopia, contemporary responses to it, and the place of his history of 'Ethiopia' (Nubia) and Meroe.
This paper takes a broad view, chronologically and geographically, of the evidence from the Easte... more This paper takes a broad view, chronologically and geographically, of the evidence from the Eastern Sahara to the Nile Valley, and from the Mediterranean to the sub-Saharan routes. There has been extensive discussion of the evidence for the Libyans of the Late Bronze Age and the nature of their society: this is briefly discussed with some consideration of the implications for settlement in the oases as well as the Nile Valley. The issues of the historiography and its legacy are considered. The recent work in the Egyptian deserts and implications for understanding long-distance travel and interconnections from sub-Saharan Africa to the Mediterranean are reviewed. The existence of networks of interconnecting roads does not mean that long routes were regularly, if ever, used but shorter sections were.
This chapter examines the series of dynastic changes and military invasions in Egypt from the end... more This chapter examines the series of dynastic changes and military invasions in Egypt from the end of the New Kingdom to the reunification of the country under the rule of the Saïte pharaohs. The main evidence available at present for the study of prosopography and administration throughout the Libyan and Kushite periods comes from the Theban region and this shows a remarkable continuity through the various upheavals during the Third Intermediate Period. In the changes of the Third Intermediate Period there are traditional and innovative depictions that reflect unusual political geography and these changes must also reflect the self-identity of Libyans and Kushites, and the reactions of the Egyptian elite to foreign rulers.
This paper examines the offices of the administration in New Kingdom Nubia, aspects of political ... more This paper examines the offices of the administration in New Kingdom Nubia, aspects of political geography. It proposes that the title 'Overseer of Southern Foreign Lands' is used by some Viceroys and by local rulers who have responsibilities in the marginal regions of Upper Nubia, rather than just being a flowery title. The chapter was a revision of a chapter in my PhD dissertation
Scholarly attitudes to the regions south of Egypt have changed significantly in recent decades. D... more Scholarly attitudes to the regions south of Egypt have changed significantly in recent decades. Despite this, the terminology of the first archaeologists persists as do some ideas about cultural and political development. Although much recent excavation has added considerably to our knowledge of cultures, their development, and range, some historical issues remain unresolved. Survey in the western deserts has revealed much about climatic changes and settlement patterns, and also challenged ideas about Egyptian activities remote from the Nile Valley.
Part 1 Crete, Mycenae and the heroic age: origins King Minos and Knossos the Mycenaean world bron... more Part 1 Crete, Mycenae and the heroic age: origins King Minos and Knossos the Mycenaean world bronze age trade the seas people controversy the collaspe of the Mycenae the Trojan wars Minoan and Mycenaean art. Part 2 Dark age to Athenian ascendancy: dark age Greece rise of the city-states migration and colonization Egypt and Kyrenaica the Greeks in Italy rise of the tyrants Athens ascendant the classical myths. Part 3 The Persian rival: Persia and the west kingdom of Macedonia Persian campaigns I and II the continuing rivalry the rise of Sparta ancient explorers Greek literature and thought. Part 4 Perikles to Phillip: Perikles and the Athens empire Peloponnesian War - the Aegean, Sicily Sparta and Thebes Kingdoms of Northern Greece decline of Athens Philip and Macedonian expansion Greek warfare. Part 5 Alexander and after: campaigns of Alexander Alexander the general Alexander's spoils consolidation of the kingdoms new kingdoms, new rivalries kingdoms in crises Roman conquest architecture of Ancient Greece.
1. Defining Ancient Egypt 2. The Egyptian World 3. Esoteric Knowledge and Oriental Mystery: The L... more 1. Defining Ancient Egypt 2. The Egyptian World 3. Esoteric Knowledge and Oriental Mystery: The Lure of Egypt 4. Constructing the Egyptian Past 5. Origins and First Flowering 6. Imperial Egypt: The Middle and New Kingdoms (c. 2055-1069 BC) 7. Continuity with Metamorphosis: Egypt 1100 BC to AD 641 8. Rulers and Ruled 9. Town and Country in Ancient Egypt 10. [The] Culture of Ancient Egypt. Further Reading
This chapter reviews the recent debates within Egyptology and Kushite studies about the Libyan ru... more This chapter reviews the recent debates within Egyptology and Kushite studies about the Libyan rulers, ordering of Kushite kings, political geography of late-Libyan-Kushite Egypt, and the implications for Egyptian-Israelite relations. These are second proofs, with minor differences to the published version.
Doctoral thesis, UCL (University College London)., 1994
SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre-DSC:DX195601 / BLDSC - British Library... more SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre-DSC:DX195601 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo
A study of George Hoskins, with biographical information and a critique of his Travels in Ethiopi... more A study of George Hoskins, with biographical information and a critique of his Travels in Ethiopia, contemporary responses to it, and the place of his history of 'Ethiopia' (Nubia) and Meroe.
This paper takes a broad view, chronologically and geographically, of the evidence from the Easte... more This paper takes a broad view, chronologically and geographically, of the evidence from the Eastern Sahara to the Nile Valley, and from the Mediterranean to the sub-Saharan routes. There has been extensive discussion of the evidence for the Libyans of the Late Bronze Age and the nature of their society: this is briefly discussed with some consideration of the implications for settlement in the oases as well as the Nile Valley. The issues of the historiography and its legacy are considered. The recent work in the Egyptian deserts and implications for understanding long-distance travel and interconnections from sub-Saharan Africa to the Mediterranean are reviewed. The existence of networks of interconnecting roads does not mean that long routes were regularly, if ever, used but shorter sections were.
This chapter examines the series of dynastic changes and military invasions in Egypt from the end... more This chapter examines the series of dynastic changes and military invasions in Egypt from the end of the New Kingdom to the reunification of the country under the rule of the Saïte pharaohs. The main evidence available at present for the study of prosopography and administration throughout the Libyan and Kushite periods comes from the Theban region and this shows a remarkable continuity through the various upheavals during the Third Intermediate Period. In the changes of the Third Intermediate Period there are traditional and innovative depictions that reflect unusual political geography and these changes must also reflect the self-identity of Libyans and Kushites, and the reactions of the Egyptian elite to foreign rulers.
This paper examines the offices of the administration in New Kingdom Nubia, aspects of political ... more This paper examines the offices of the administration in New Kingdom Nubia, aspects of political geography. It proposes that the title 'Overseer of Southern Foreign Lands' is used by some Viceroys and by local rulers who have responsibilities in the marginal regions of Upper Nubia, rather than just being a flowery title. The chapter was a revision of a chapter in my PhD dissertation
Scholarly attitudes to the regions south of Egypt have changed significantly in recent decades. D... more Scholarly attitudes to the regions south of Egypt have changed significantly in recent decades. Despite this, the terminology of the first archaeologists persists as do some ideas about cultural and political development. Although much recent excavation has added considerably to our knowledge of cultures, their development, and range, some historical issues remain unresolved. Survey in the western deserts has revealed much about climatic changes and settlement patterns, and also challenged ideas about Egyptian activities remote from the Nile Valley.
Part 1 Crete, Mycenae and the heroic age: origins King Minos and Knossos the Mycenaean world bron... more Part 1 Crete, Mycenae and the heroic age: origins King Minos and Knossos the Mycenaean world bronze age trade the seas people controversy the collaspe of the Mycenae the Trojan wars Minoan and Mycenaean art. Part 2 Dark age to Athenian ascendancy: dark age Greece rise of the city-states migration and colonization Egypt and Kyrenaica the Greeks in Italy rise of the tyrants Athens ascendant the classical myths. Part 3 The Persian rival: Persia and the west kingdom of Macedonia Persian campaigns I and II the continuing rivalry the rise of Sparta ancient explorers Greek literature and thought. Part 4 Perikles to Phillip: Perikles and the Athens empire Peloponnesian War - the Aegean, Sicily Sparta and Thebes Kingdoms of Northern Greece decline of Athens Philip and Macedonian expansion Greek warfare. Part 5 Alexander and after: campaigns of Alexander Alexander the general Alexander's spoils consolidation of the kingdoms new kingdoms, new rivalries kingdoms in crises Roman conquest architecture of Ancient Greece.
1. Defining Ancient Egypt 2. The Egyptian World 3. Esoteric Knowledge and Oriental Mystery: The L... more 1. Defining Ancient Egypt 2. The Egyptian World 3. Esoteric Knowledge and Oriental Mystery: The Lure of Egypt 4. Constructing the Egyptian Past 5. Origins and First Flowering 6. Imperial Egypt: The Middle and New Kingdoms (c. 2055-1069 BC) 7. Continuity with Metamorphosis: Egypt 1100 BC to AD 641 8. Rulers and Ruled 9. Town and Country in Ancient Egypt 10. [The] Culture of Ancient Egypt. Further Reading
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