OBJECTIVES: 1. Assess the effects of chronic exposure to electromagnetic waves emitted from the G... more OBJECTIVES: 1. Assess the effects of chronic exposure to electromagnetic waves emitted from the GSM mobile phones on the auditory function in users. METHODS: A prospective study was conducted at the Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, ...
We present the high throughput screening of a library of 30 boronic acid derivatives to form comp... more We present the high throughput screening of a library of 30 boronic acid derivatives to form complexes with sodium cholate suspended single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) to screen for their ability to reversibly report glucose binding via a change in SWNT fluorescence. The screening identifies 4-cyanophenylboronic acid which uniquely causes a reversible wavelength red-shift in SWNT emission. The results also identify 4-chlorophenylboronic acid which demonstrates a turn-on fluorescence response when complexed with SWNTs upon glucose binding in the physiological range of glucose concentration (0 to 30 mM). The mechanism of fluorescence modulation in both of these cases is revealed to be a photo-induced excited-state electron transfer that can be disrupted by boronate ion formation upon glucose binding. This ``turn-on'' sensing scheme that uses the reversible fluorescence quenching and wavelength shift of the BA--SWNT complex offers a new approach for nIR optical sensing of glucose.
We describe the high-throughput screening of a library of 30 boronic acid derivatives to form com... more We describe the high-throughput screening of a library of 30 boronic acid derivatives to form complexes with sodium cholate suspended single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) to screen for their ability to reversibly report glucose binding via a change in SWNT fluorescence. The screening identifies 4-cyanophenylboronic acid which uniquely causes a reversible wavelength red shift in SWNT emission. The results also identify 4-chlorophenylboronic acid which demonstrates a turn-on fluorescence response when complexed with SWNTs upon glucose binding in the physiological range of glucose concentration. The mechanism of fluorescence modulation in both of these cases is revealed to be a photoinduced excited-state electron transfer that can be disrupted by boronate ion formation upon glucose binding. The results allow for the elucidation of design rules for such sensors, as we find that glucose recognition and transduction is enabled by para-substituted, electron-withdrawing phenyl boronic acids that are sufficiently hydrophobic to adsorb to the nanotube surface.
EPR absorption measurements on ‘pure’, highly pure and A12O3 doped Cr2O3 powder have been made. T... more EPR absorption measurements on ‘pure’, highly pure and A12O3 doped Cr2O3 powder have been made. The EPR absorption in the ‘pure’ powders obtained below Ntel temperature is shown to be due to background magnetic impurities present in the powders and not due to superparamagnetism as suggested by earlier authors. No EPR absorption could be observed below Nkl temperature in highly
An extrastriate visual area such as V2 or V4 contains neurons selective for a multitude of comple... more An extrastriate visual area such as V2 or V4 contains neurons selective for a multitude of complex shapes, all sharing a common topographic organization. Simultaneously developing multiple interdigitated maps-hereafter a "multimap"-is challenging in that neurons must compete to generate a diversity of response types locally, while cooperating with their dispersed same-type neighbors to achieve uniform visual field coverage for their response type at all orientations, scales, etc. Previously proposed map development schemes have relied on smooth spatial interaction functions to establish both topography and columnar organization, but by locally homogenizing cells' response properties, local smoothing mechanisms effectively rule out multimap formation. We found in computer simulations that the key requirements for multimap development are that neurons are enabled for plasticity only within highly active regions of cortex designated "learning eligibility regions" (LERs), but within an LER, each cell's learning rate is determined only by its activity level with no dependence on location. We show that a hybrid developmental rule that combines spatial and activity-dependent learning criteria in this way successfully produces multimaps when the input stream contains multiple distinct feature types, or in the degenerate case of a single feature type, produces a V1-like map with "salt-and-pepper" structure. Our results support the hypothesis that cortical maps containing a fine mixture of different response types, whether in monkey extrastriate cortex, mouse V1 or elsewhere in the cortex, rather than signaling a breakdown of map formation mechanisms at the fine scale, are a product of a generic cortical developmental scheme designed to map cells with a diversity of response properties across a shared topographic space.
The most important aspect of any Software is the operability for the intended audience. This fact... more The most important aspect of any Software is the operability for the intended audience. This factor of operability is encompassed in the user interface, which serves as the only window to the features of the system. It is thus essential that the User Interface provided is robust, concise and lucid. Presently there are no properly defined rules or guidelines for user interface design enabling a perfect design, since such a system cannot be perceived. This article aims at providing suggestions in the design of the User Interface, which would make it easier for the user to navigate through the system features and also the developers to guide the users towards better utilization of the features.
Single walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) are well positioned to act as single particle sensors in li... more Single walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) are well positioned to act as single particle sensors in living organisms as they do not photobleach and fluoresce in the near infrared (NIR) in which tissues are relatively transparent. However, lack of specificity of SWNT fluorescence response to biochemical compounds has limited their applications as sensors in vivo. Here we show that SWNT localized inside leaves enable a more selective ratiometric sensing of plant free radicals and pollutants like nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide. Using a novel method for rapid and efficient coating exchange of single chirality SDS-SWNT, we synthesized the first SWNT ratiometric sensor with 6,5 and 7,6 chiralities coated with single stranded DNA and Polyvinyl alcohol. These ratiometric platform was designed for 7,6 SWNT NIR fluorescence to quench in the presence of the free radicals while being unresponsive in the 6,5 SWNT chirality. Thus creating a multimodal NIR spectral signature that increases selectiv...
Looping is one of the fundamental logical instructions used for repeating a block of code. It is ... more Looping is one of the fundamental logical instructions used for repeating a block of code. It is used in programs across all programming languages. Traditionally, in languages like C, the for loop is used extensively for repeated execution of a block of code, due to its ease for use and simplified representation. This paper proposes a new way of representing the for loop to improve its runtime efficiency and compares the experimental statistics with the traditional for loop representation. It is found that for small number of iterations, the difference in computational time may not be considerable. But given any large number of iterations, the difference is noticeable.
OBJECTIVES: 1. Assess the effects of chronic exposure to electromagnetic waves emitted from the G... more OBJECTIVES: 1. Assess the effects of chronic exposure to electromagnetic waves emitted from the GSM mobile phones on the auditory function in users. METHODS: A prospective study was conducted at the Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, ...
We present the high throughput screening of a library of 30 boronic acid derivatives to form comp... more We present the high throughput screening of a library of 30 boronic acid derivatives to form complexes with sodium cholate suspended single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) to screen for their ability to reversibly report glucose binding via a change in SWNT fluorescence. The screening identifies 4-cyanophenylboronic acid which uniquely causes a reversible wavelength red-shift in SWNT emission. The results also identify 4-chlorophenylboronic acid which demonstrates a turn-on fluorescence response when complexed with SWNTs upon glucose binding in the physiological range of glucose concentration (0 to 30 mM). The mechanism of fluorescence modulation in both of these cases is revealed to be a photo-induced excited-state electron transfer that can be disrupted by boronate ion formation upon glucose binding. This ``turn-on'' sensing scheme that uses the reversible fluorescence quenching and wavelength shift of the BA--SWNT complex offers a new approach for nIR optical sensing of glucose.
We describe the high-throughput screening of a library of 30 boronic acid derivatives to form com... more We describe the high-throughput screening of a library of 30 boronic acid derivatives to form complexes with sodium cholate suspended single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) to screen for their ability to reversibly report glucose binding via a change in SWNT fluorescence. The screening identifies 4-cyanophenylboronic acid which uniquely causes a reversible wavelength red shift in SWNT emission. The results also identify 4-chlorophenylboronic acid which demonstrates a turn-on fluorescence response when complexed with SWNTs upon glucose binding in the physiological range of glucose concentration. The mechanism of fluorescence modulation in both of these cases is revealed to be a photoinduced excited-state electron transfer that can be disrupted by boronate ion formation upon glucose binding. The results allow for the elucidation of design rules for such sensors, as we find that glucose recognition and transduction is enabled by para-substituted, electron-withdrawing phenyl boronic acids that are sufficiently hydrophobic to adsorb to the nanotube surface.
EPR absorption measurements on ‘pure’, highly pure and A12O3 doped Cr2O3 powder have been made. T... more EPR absorption measurements on ‘pure’, highly pure and A12O3 doped Cr2O3 powder have been made. The EPR absorption in the ‘pure’ powders obtained below Ntel temperature is shown to be due to background magnetic impurities present in the powders and not due to superparamagnetism as suggested by earlier authors. No EPR absorption could be observed below Nkl temperature in highly
An extrastriate visual area such as V2 or V4 contains neurons selective for a multitude of comple... more An extrastriate visual area such as V2 or V4 contains neurons selective for a multitude of complex shapes, all sharing a common topographic organization. Simultaneously developing multiple interdigitated maps-hereafter a "multimap"-is challenging in that neurons must compete to generate a diversity of response types locally, while cooperating with their dispersed same-type neighbors to achieve uniform visual field coverage for their response type at all orientations, scales, etc. Previously proposed map development schemes have relied on smooth spatial interaction functions to establish both topography and columnar organization, but by locally homogenizing cells' response properties, local smoothing mechanisms effectively rule out multimap formation. We found in computer simulations that the key requirements for multimap development are that neurons are enabled for plasticity only within highly active regions of cortex designated "learning eligibility regions" (LERs), but within an LER, each cell's learning rate is determined only by its activity level with no dependence on location. We show that a hybrid developmental rule that combines spatial and activity-dependent learning criteria in this way successfully produces multimaps when the input stream contains multiple distinct feature types, or in the degenerate case of a single feature type, produces a V1-like map with "salt-and-pepper" structure. Our results support the hypothesis that cortical maps containing a fine mixture of different response types, whether in monkey extrastriate cortex, mouse V1 or elsewhere in the cortex, rather than signaling a breakdown of map formation mechanisms at the fine scale, are a product of a generic cortical developmental scheme designed to map cells with a diversity of response properties across a shared topographic space.
The most important aspect of any Software is the operability for the intended audience. This fact... more The most important aspect of any Software is the operability for the intended audience. This factor of operability is encompassed in the user interface, which serves as the only window to the features of the system. It is thus essential that the User Interface provided is robust, concise and lucid. Presently there are no properly defined rules or guidelines for user interface design enabling a perfect design, since such a system cannot be perceived. This article aims at providing suggestions in the design of the User Interface, which would make it easier for the user to navigate through the system features and also the developers to guide the users towards better utilization of the features.
Single walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) are well positioned to act as single particle sensors in li... more Single walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) are well positioned to act as single particle sensors in living organisms as they do not photobleach and fluoresce in the near infrared (NIR) in which tissues are relatively transparent. However, lack of specificity of SWNT fluorescence response to biochemical compounds has limited their applications as sensors in vivo. Here we show that SWNT localized inside leaves enable a more selective ratiometric sensing of plant free radicals and pollutants like nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide. Using a novel method for rapid and efficient coating exchange of single chirality SDS-SWNT, we synthesized the first SWNT ratiometric sensor with 6,5 and 7,6 chiralities coated with single stranded DNA and Polyvinyl alcohol. These ratiometric platform was designed for 7,6 SWNT NIR fluorescence to quench in the presence of the free radicals while being unresponsive in the 6,5 SWNT chirality. Thus creating a multimodal NIR spectral signature that increases selectiv...
Looping is one of the fundamental logical instructions used for repeating a block of code. It is ... more Looping is one of the fundamental logical instructions used for repeating a block of code. It is used in programs across all programming languages. Traditionally, in languages like C, the for loop is used extensively for repeated execution of a block of code, due to its ease for use and simplified representation. This paper proposes a new way of representing the for loop to improve its runtime efficiency and compares the experimental statistics with the traditional for loop representation. It is found that for small number of iterations, the difference in computational time may not be considerable. But given any large number of iterations, the difference is noticeable.
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