This thesis describes the design, synthesis and immunological evaluation of ligands and conjugate... more This thesis describes the design, synthesis and immunological evaluation of ligands and conjugates aimed at activation of Toll-like receptor 2, 7 and 9 (TLRs 2, 7 and 9). The role of the TLRs in human immunity is discussed in the introductory Chapter 1, with the focus on some well-defined natural and synthetic ligands currently studied and that act on one of the eleven TLRs known to exist in man. Chapter 1 describes a selection of natural and synthetic TLR ligands available to date with a focus on synthetic, well-defined compounds. In Chapter 2 the design and preparation of a series of novel 7-hydro-8-oxo-adenines and their TLR agonistic properties are described. Literature compound 1, a potent TLR7 agonist, formed the starting point for these studies and it was found that introducing an azide-containing side chain to the purine core (as in 2, being a representative example, Figure 6.1) gave derivatives, that, although less active than the parent compounds, still possessed considera...
The present study was undertaken to develop spirulina powder based chaklis. Variants were being p... more The present study was undertaken to develop spirulina powder based chaklis. Variants were being prepared by using soya flour and rice flour. Spirulina powder, soya flour and rice and sesame seeds are the rich sources of protein. Yet they are not consumed by large number of population instead of their nutritional quantity. The study was divided into five phases, the first phase included procurement of raw material spirulina powder, soya flour, rice flour, sesame seeds, cumin seeds, oil and spices. The second phase includes development of spirulina chakli & its variants with different proportions of other ingredients. The third phase includes sensory evaluation by trained and untrained panelists. The fourth phase includes the proximate analysis of the chakli and its variants, which revealed that sample T 2 (containing spirulina powder 20gm, soya flour and rice flour) has high protein i.e. 18.02gm and 6.27gm for standard sample (containing wheat flour and rice flour. The CHO content wa...
Agile software development method(ology) has recently been an increasingly popular research and d... more Agile software development method(ology) has recently been an increasingly popular research and development trend. Many, mainly small and medium size enterprises, have adopted agile development approaches and methods, hoping to i) solve organisational and developmental shortcomings that possibly derive from the traditional development methods use and ii) obtain better business outcomes. However, large enterprises have been hesitating in the use and deployment of agile methods. Scaling the agile is a term for customising agile software development practices for large scale enterprises. Scaling the agile is another emerging concept, which, in recent years, seems to become another attention-grabbing trend by agile experts and practitioners. Hence, this MSc thesis has had the ambitious target to fill in the research and development gap and address the need for an improved understanding, In so doing, the thesis’ contents comprise an overview and a survey on the application and applicabil...
This study assessed the impacts of four watersheds namely Laxmipur, S. Venkatapur, Kakatiya and S... more This study assessed the impacts of four watersheds namely Laxmipur, S. Venkatapur, Kakatiya and Shettihadapnur in Karimnagar, Medak, Warangal and Adilabaddistricts ofTelangana region inAndhra Pradeshtoderive logicalmacrolevel policy inferences following time scale disparity index approach. This article, using data from the report of the impact evaluation study carried out by CRIDA and submitted to NABARD, attempts to evaluate the impacts of above watersheds in terms of relative contribution of pre-project (before) and post-project (after) periods on bio-physical and socio-economic aspects. Composite index (watershed impact index) used in this study will enable the policy makers and planners to understand and compare the overall impact of each watershed that will integrate the effect of all the parameters or indicators.
International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology
:‘Motivation’ is that factor which acts as a driving force for students to work consistently towa... more :‘Motivation’ is that factor which acts as a driving force for students to work consistently towards achieving excellence. Owing to the diverse culture and socio-economic factors, different students are motivated differently. Hence, it becomes an extremely challenging task for the educators to be able to impact and influence the entire class and motivate them equally. As such, it becomes a task for the educators to identify the different motivating factors for the learners and to blend their teaching styles in such a manner, that suits the varied needs and requirements of the classroom. The aim of the research was to identify the teaching style preferred most by the students and the different factors motivating them to persevere to achieve their desired goals. The responses so collected with the help of the questionnaire, revealed that the respondents(students) showed a special inclination towards the ‘Coach-Style Teaching Method’, which points at the deviation from the traditional teaching styles and definitely hints at the changes in the modern education system fueled by technology, social media and changes in attitudes and preferences. The results of the paper will be specially suitable for teachers, lecturers, research scholars, psychologists, counselors and other members of the education-ecology interested in enhancing the outcome of the teaching-learning process. Keywords: Teaching Styles, Motivation, Teaching-Learning processes, Motivation Theories
International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology
: This paper reviews the status and prospects of the “Tasar Silk Industry” in the state of Jharkh... more : This paper reviews the status and prospects of the “Tasar Silk Industry” in the state of Jharkhand. Tasar Sericulture is practiced in the states of Jharkhand, Orissa, West Bengal, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Andhra Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Telangana and Bihar with Jharkhand being the leading producer with 80% of the tasar silk production employing around 1.5 lakh farmers in rearing, reeling and weaving activities, This is an agro-based, cottage industry practiced as “a way of life” by the various tribal inhabitants of this state like Santhals, Hos, Uraons, Kerwars and others. Tasar silk is not only known for its charm, texture and its natural golden color, but it also has a high ethical value. It is known as “Ahimsa Silk” as it does not kill the silkworm by boiling the cocoons while it is still inside it. The fibre is extracted only after the silkworm (Antherea Mylitta and Antherea Proyeli J) has left the cocoons. Tasar sericulture is being promoted widely through premier bodies like The Central Silk Board and its subsidiary i.e Central Tasar Research and Training Institute; Ranchi, which has undertaken research and development and training programs, since its establishment in 1964, thereby improving the silk production as well as empowering the lives of weak and marginalized tribes of Jharkhand. Growing demands from foreign countries, elucidate the promising future of the tasar silk industry in Jharkhand which in turn would uplift the living qualities of the rural people. Heavy investment in this industry now, would bring good returns in future, not just in terms of an improved economy, but also an improved society. This paper highlights the fact that apart from the huge potential to earn foreign exchange for the country, tasar culture has immense ethical values and truly carves for us a path towards sustainable development. Keywords: Tasar, sericulture, Jharkhand, tribal, Ahimsa Silk, Sustainable Development.
Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio/Technology
Lignocellulosic biomass is the earth’s most abundant renewable feedstock alternative that compris... more Lignocellulosic biomass is the earth’s most abundant renewable feedstock alternative that comprises of cellulose, hemi-cellulose and lignin. The synergistic action of cellulolytic/xylanolytic enzymes produced by lignocellulolytic micro-organisms such as bacteria, algae and fungi are capable of robust cellulosic biomass deconstruction. Most of the microorganisms dwelling in extreme environmental habitats such as rumen environment, hot/cold springs, deep ocean trenches, acidic/alkaline pH environment have been considered as an attractive producers of hemi/cellulolytic lignocellulolytic and other biotechnological enzymes with enhanced bio-chemical properties essential for industrial bioconversion processes. However, the potential microbial sources of cellulolytic enzymes and the underlying mechanism to achieve this is not fully elucidated. In this review article, first we detail the composition of lignocellulosic biomass. Next, we describe the structure and functions of divergent hydrolytic enzymes (cellulolytic and xylanolytic enzymes) involved in cellulosic biomass degradation. Third, we analyze, outline and unveil the prospective source of microbes encoding exceptionally diverse set of biotechnologically relevant cellulolytic enzymes which are critical to answer the specific ecological question of by whom, where and how cellulosic biomass is degraded in the environment. Finally, this review article features the snapshot about the future developments and perspectives on microbial enzymes, high-throughput techniques and molecular tools that could be exploited to derive those enzymes from the potential sources.
Overuse and misuse of antibiotics are the first risk factors for the development of antibiotics r... more Overuse and misuse of antibiotics are the first risk factors for the development of antibiotics resistance. Inadequate professional competence of health care physicians might worsen the complications associated with antibiotics resistance. Antibiotic resistance is a global issue; however, the epicenter of this misfortune is Asian regions due to the easy accessibility of the strongest antibiotics without prescriptions or diagnoses. High effectiveness and easy accessibility of antibiotics lead to overuse/misuse and encouraging bacteria to develop the resistance. The over-usage and mis-usage of antibiotics are antibiotic abuse, which increase the potentially serious impact on human health. Bestowing to WHO guidelines, the resistance has led to spread worldwide and classifying resistance is a serious health problem. Furthermore, resistance claims uncertainty to predict the future. This review summarizes the major antibiotics involved in drug resistance, mechanism, prescribed dosage with...
: Neurodegeneration is a complex neurological phenomenon characterized by disturbed coherence in ... more : Neurodegeneration is a complex neurological phenomenon characterized by disturbed coherence in neuronal efflux. Progressive neuronal loss and brain damage due to various age-related pathological hallmarks perturb the behavioral balance and quality of life. Sirtuins have been widely investigated for their neuroprotective role, with SIRT1 being the most contemplated member of the family. SIRT1 exhibits significant capabilities to enhance neurogenesis and cellular lifespan by regulating various pathways, which makes it an exciting therapeutic target to inhibit neurodegenerative disease progression. SIRT1 mediated neuronal fortification involves modulation of molecular co-factors and biochemical pathways responsible for the induction and sustenance of pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidative environment in the cellular milieu. In this review, we present the major role played by SIRT1 in maintaining cellular strength through the regulation of genomic stability, neuronal growth, energy metabolism, oxidative stress, inhibiting mechanisms and anti-inflammatory responses. The therapeutic significance of SIRT1 has been put into perspective through a comprehensive discussion about its ameliorating potential against neurodegenerative stimuli in a variety of diseases that characteristically impair cognition, memory and motor coordination. This review enhances the acquaintance concerned with the neuroprotective potential of SIRT1 and thus promotes the development of novel SIRT1 regulating therapeutic agents and strategies.
Background Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common cause of musculoskeletal disability among elders and i... more Background Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common cause of musculoskeletal disability among elders and is characterized by late-onset degeneration of articular cartilage. OA affects various joints, commonly hand, knee, and hip, with clinical features that are unique to each joint. This study was initiated to identify and evaluate the role of the ASPN and COMP genes in the development of knee OA. Methods A case–control study was carried out involving 500 cases with knee OA (diagnosed by the American College of Rheumatology) and an equal number of healthy controls. Blood was drawn for genomic DNA isolation. PCR-RFLP and TaqMan assay methods were used to identify the SNPs. mRNA and protein expression of genes were carried out in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) by RT-PCR and Western immunoblotting. The data obtained were analyzed for the statistical significance between control and case groups. Results The variant genotype of ASPN and COMP genes was found to be present at a relatively high...
This thesis describes the design, synthesis and immunological evaluation of ligands and conjugate... more This thesis describes the design, synthesis and immunological evaluation of ligands and conjugates aimed at activation of Toll-like receptor 2, 7 and 9 (TLRs 2, 7 and 9). The role of the TLRs in human immunity is discussed in the introductory Chapter 1, with the focus on some well-defined natural and synthetic ligands currently studied and that act on one of the eleven TLRs known to exist in man. Chapter 1 describes a selection of natural and synthetic TLR ligands available to date with a focus on synthetic, well-defined compounds. In Chapter 2 the design and preparation of a series of novel 7-hydro-8-oxo-adenines and their TLR agonistic properties are described. Literature compound 1, a potent TLR7 agonist, formed the starting point for these studies and it was found that introducing an azide-containing side chain to the purine core (as in 2, being a representative example, Figure 6.1) gave derivatives, that, although less active than the parent compounds, still possessed considera...
The present study was undertaken to develop spirulina powder based chaklis. Variants were being p... more The present study was undertaken to develop spirulina powder based chaklis. Variants were being prepared by using soya flour and rice flour. Spirulina powder, soya flour and rice and sesame seeds are the rich sources of protein. Yet they are not consumed by large number of population instead of their nutritional quantity. The study was divided into five phases, the first phase included procurement of raw material spirulina powder, soya flour, rice flour, sesame seeds, cumin seeds, oil and spices. The second phase includes development of spirulina chakli & its variants with different proportions of other ingredients. The third phase includes sensory evaluation by trained and untrained panelists. The fourth phase includes the proximate analysis of the chakli and its variants, which revealed that sample T 2 (containing spirulina powder 20gm, soya flour and rice flour) has high protein i.e. 18.02gm and 6.27gm for standard sample (containing wheat flour and rice flour. The CHO content wa...
Agile software development method(ology) has recently been an increasingly popular research and d... more Agile software development method(ology) has recently been an increasingly popular research and development trend. Many, mainly small and medium size enterprises, have adopted agile development approaches and methods, hoping to i) solve organisational and developmental shortcomings that possibly derive from the traditional development methods use and ii) obtain better business outcomes. However, large enterprises have been hesitating in the use and deployment of agile methods. Scaling the agile is a term for customising agile software development practices for large scale enterprises. Scaling the agile is another emerging concept, which, in recent years, seems to become another attention-grabbing trend by agile experts and practitioners. Hence, this MSc thesis has had the ambitious target to fill in the research and development gap and address the need for an improved understanding, In so doing, the thesis’ contents comprise an overview and a survey on the application and applicabil...
This study assessed the impacts of four watersheds namely Laxmipur, S. Venkatapur, Kakatiya and S... more This study assessed the impacts of four watersheds namely Laxmipur, S. Venkatapur, Kakatiya and Shettihadapnur in Karimnagar, Medak, Warangal and Adilabaddistricts ofTelangana region inAndhra Pradeshtoderive logicalmacrolevel policy inferences following time scale disparity index approach. This article, using data from the report of the impact evaluation study carried out by CRIDA and submitted to NABARD, attempts to evaluate the impacts of above watersheds in terms of relative contribution of pre-project (before) and post-project (after) periods on bio-physical and socio-economic aspects. Composite index (watershed impact index) used in this study will enable the policy makers and planners to understand and compare the overall impact of each watershed that will integrate the effect of all the parameters or indicators.
International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology
:‘Motivation’ is that factor which acts as a driving force for students to work consistently towa... more :‘Motivation’ is that factor which acts as a driving force for students to work consistently towards achieving excellence. Owing to the diverse culture and socio-economic factors, different students are motivated differently. Hence, it becomes an extremely challenging task for the educators to be able to impact and influence the entire class and motivate them equally. As such, it becomes a task for the educators to identify the different motivating factors for the learners and to blend their teaching styles in such a manner, that suits the varied needs and requirements of the classroom. The aim of the research was to identify the teaching style preferred most by the students and the different factors motivating them to persevere to achieve their desired goals. The responses so collected with the help of the questionnaire, revealed that the respondents(students) showed a special inclination towards the ‘Coach-Style Teaching Method’, which points at the deviation from the traditional teaching styles and definitely hints at the changes in the modern education system fueled by technology, social media and changes in attitudes and preferences. The results of the paper will be specially suitable for teachers, lecturers, research scholars, psychologists, counselors and other members of the education-ecology interested in enhancing the outcome of the teaching-learning process. Keywords: Teaching Styles, Motivation, Teaching-Learning processes, Motivation Theories
International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology
: This paper reviews the status and prospects of the “Tasar Silk Industry” in the state of Jharkh... more : This paper reviews the status and prospects of the “Tasar Silk Industry” in the state of Jharkhand. Tasar Sericulture is practiced in the states of Jharkhand, Orissa, West Bengal, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Andhra Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Telangana and Bihar with Jharkhand being the leading producer with 80% of the tasar silk production employing around 1.5 lakh farmers in rearing, reeling and weaving activities, This is an agro-based, cottage industry practiced as “a way of life” by the various tribal inhabitants of this state like Santhals, Hos, Uraons, Kerwars and others. Tasar silk is not only known for its charm, texture and its natural golden color, but it also has a high ethical value. It is known as “Ahimsa Silk” as it does not kill the silkworm by boiling the cocoons while it is still inside it. The fibre is extracted only after the silkworm (Antherea Mylitta and Antherea Proyeli J) has left the cocoons. Tasar sericulture is being promoted widely through premier bodies like The Central Silk Board and its subsidiary i.e Central Tasar Research and Training Institute; Ranchi, which has undertaken research and development and training programs, since its establishment in 1964, thereby improving the silk production as well as empowering the lives of weak and marginalized tribes of Jharkhand. Growing demands from foreign countries, elucidate the promising future of the tasar silk industry in Jharkhand which in turn would uplift the living qualities of the rural people. Heavy investment in this industry now, would bring good returns in future, not just in terms of an improved economy, but also an improved society. This paper highlights the fact that apart from the huge potential to earn foreign exchange for the country, tasar culture has immense ethical values and truly carves for us a path towards sustainable development. Keywords: Tasar, sericulture, Jharkhand, tribal, Ahimsa Silk, Sustainable Development.
Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio/Technology
Lignocellulosic biomass is the earth’s most abundant renewable feedstock alternative that compris... more Lignocellulosic biomass is the earth’s most abundant renewable feedstock alternative that comprises of cellulose, hemi-cellulose and lignin. The synergistic action of cellulolytic/xylanolytic enzymes produced by lignocellulolytic micro-organisms such as bacteria, algae and fungi are capable of robust cellulosic biomass deconstruction. Most of the microorganisms dwelling in extreme environmental habitats such as rumen environment, hot/cold springs, deep ocean trenches, acidic/alkaline pH environment have been considered as an attractive producers of hemi/cellulolytic lignocellulolytic and other biotechnological enzymes with enhanced bio-chemical properties essential for industrial bioconversion processes. However, the potential microbial sources of cellulolytic enzymes and the underlying mechanism to achieve this is not fully elucidated. In this review article, first we detail the composition of lignocellulosic biomass. Next, we describe the structure and functions of divergent hydrolytic enzymes (cellulolytic and xylanolytic enzymes) involved in cellulosic biomass degradation. Third, we analyze, outline and unveil the prospective source of microbes encoding exceptionally diverse set of biotechnologically relevant cellulolytic enzymes which are critical to answer the specific ecological question of by whom, where and how cellulosic biomass is degraded in the environment. Finally, this review article features the snapshot about the future developments and perspectives on microbial enzymes, high-throughput techniques and molecular tools that could be exploited to derive those enzymes from the potential sources.
Overuse and misuse of antibiotics are the first risk factors for the development of antibiotics r... more Overuse and misuse of antibiotics are the first risk factors for the development of antibiotics resistance. Inadequate professional competence of health care physicians might worsen the complications associated with antibiotics resistance. Antibiotic resistance is a global issue; however, the epicenter of this misfortune is Asian regions due to the easy accessibility of the strongest antibiotics without prescriptions or diagnoses. High effectiveness and easy accessibility of antibiotics lead to overuse/misuse and encouraging bacteria to develop the resistance. The over-usage and mis-usage of antibiotics are antibiotic abuse, which increase the potentially serious impact on human health. Bestowing to WHO guidelines, the resistance has led to spread worldwide and classifying resistance is a serious health problem. Furthermore, resistance claims uncertainty to predict the future. This review summarizes the major antibiotics involved in drug resistance, mechanism, prescribed dosage with...
: Neurodegeneration is a complex neurological phenomenon characterized by disturbed coherence in ... more : Neurodegeneration is a complex neurological phenomenon characterized by disturbed coherence in neuronal efflux. Progressive neuronal loss and brain damage due to various age-related pathological hallmarks perturb the behavioral balance and quality of life. Sirtuins have been widely investigated for their neuroprotective role, with SIRT1 being the most contemplated member of the family. SIRT1 exhibits significant capabilities to enhance neurogenesis and cellular lifespan by regulating various pathways, which makes it an exciting therapeutic target to inhibit neurodegenerative disease progression. SIRT1 mediated neuronal fortification involves modulation of molecular co-factors and biochemical pathways responsible for the induction and sustenance of pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidative environment in the cellular milieu. In this review, we present the major role played by SIRT1 in maintaining cellular strength through the regulation of genomic stability, neuronal growth, energy metabolism, oxidative stress, inhibiting mechanisms and anti-inflammatory responses. The therapeutic significance of SIRT1 has been put into perspective through a comprehensive discussion about its ameliorating potential against neurodegenerative stimuli in a variety of diseases that characteristically impair cognition, memory and motor coordination. This review enhances the acquaintance concerned with the neuroprotective potential of SIRT1 and thus promotes the development of novel SIRT1 regulating therapeutic agents and strategies.
Background Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common cause of musculoskeletal disability among elders and i... more Background Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common cause of musculoskeletal disability among elders and is characterized by late-onset degeneration of articular cartilage. OA affects various joints, commonly hand, knee, and hip, with clinical features that are unique to each joint. This study was initiated to identify and evaluate the role of the ASPN and COMP genes in the development of knee OA. Methods A case–control study was carried out involving 500 cases with knee OA (diagnosed by the American College of Rheumatology) and an equal number of healthy controls. Blood was drawn for genomic DNA isolation. PCR-RFLP and TaqMan assay methods were used to identify the SNPs. mRNA and protein expression of genes were carried out in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) by RT-PCR and Western immunoblotting. The data obtained were analyzed for the statistical significance between control and case groups. Results The variant genotype of ASPN and COMP genes was found to be present at a relatively high...
Uploads
Papers by Priya Mishra