Papers by Pedro Gutierrez
CNU Journal of Higher Education
This study was conducted to determine the potential of the two seaweeds, Kappaphycus sp. and Sarg... more This study was conducted to determine the potential of the two seaweeds, Kappaphycus sp. and Sargassum sp. to phytoextract Mercury in contaminated sites of Sibutad, Zamboanga del Norte and Sapang Dalaga, Misamis Occidental. Water, sediments and seaweed samples were collected during low tide in the intertidal zone of the two sampling sites. Samples were prepared in the
International Journal of Biosciences, 2023
The anti-cancer activity of Carica papaya leaf ethanolic extract and ethyl acetate fraction were ... more The anti-cancer activity of Carica papaya leaf ethanolic extract and ethyl acetate fraction were evaluated against selected human cancer cell lines by using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The leaf ethanolic extract of C. papaya was subjected to fractionation by using hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate to separate compounds based on their polarity. The ethanol and ethyl acetate fraction of the plant
CNU Journal of Higher Education, 2015
The grain protectant efficacy of Makabuhay, Tinospora rumphii stem extract was tested on adult ma... more The grain protectant efficacy of Makabuhay, Tinospora rumphii stem extract was tested on adult maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais M. Evaluation of phytochemicals present in the extract was conducted to identify its bioactive compounds. The ethanolic stem extract of T. rumphii contains the following phytochemicals: alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids and tannins. These phytochemicals are known to possess pesticidal activities against insects and other pests. The grain protectant efficacy of T. rumphii against corn weevils was manifested by the percentage of mortality of weevils, number of corn seed holes; weight loss and percentage corn germination. Results revealed that the corn weevils treated with the highest concentration (18%) of T. rumphii manifest the highest percentage of weevils' mortality and significantly higher (p =0.000) as compared to the negative control and the other treatment concentrations. In addition, the mortality of corn weevils treated with the plant extract is concentration-dependent. The average number of corn seed holes treated the T. rumphii extract is statistically lower as compared to the negative control. Moreover, the highest concentration (18%) of the plant extract showed the lowest average number of holes. This implies that T. rumphii is responsible for the inhibition of the weevils from infesting the corn seeds. Furthermore, result revealed significant decrease (p =0.000) on the average weight loss of corn seeds previously treated with the plant extract. The highest concentration of T. rumphii manifest the lowest percentage weight loss. Result also showed a significant increase (p = 0.000) of percentage germination of corn seeds randomly selected from the control and the treated groups. The highest concentration of the plant extract reveals the highest percentage of germination. T. rumphii stem extract therefore is an effective grain protectant against maize weevis, S. zeamis due to the presence of phytochemicals flavonoids, alkaloids, steroids and tannins which showed synergistic effects in terms of insecticidal action to maize weevil.
GENOTOXIC EFFECTS OF Jatropha curcas Linn. SEED EXTRACT ON THE MERISTEMATIC ROOT CELLS OF Allium cepa, 2011
The genotoxic effects of Jatropha curcas seed extracts were evaluated using standard Allium cepa ... more The genotoxic effects of Jatropha curcas seed extracts were evaluated using standard Allium cepa root assay. J. curcas seeds were macerated and extracted using Supercritical Fluid Extractor (Akico brand) at 200 atm and 300 atm. pressure. Ten (10) onion bulbs were then grown in various treatment concentrations of 10-2 M, 10-3 M, 10-4 M and 10-5 M of J. curcas seed extract for 72 hours. The mitotic indices and chromosomal aberrations were used as parameters to evaluate the genotoxic effects of the seed extracts. It was found that there was a statistically significant inhibition of mitotic activity which was manifested by the decreased mitotic index depending on concentration by the extracts when compared with that of the control groups. Chromosomal aberrations such as lagging chromosomes, bridges, stickiness, canaphase, multipolarity, fragments and irregular metaphase were also observed. The said aberrations significantly increased at various treatment concentrations except at the 10-5 M concentration of the extract compared to those of the control group. Moreover, the number of aberrations also increased with the increasing concentration of the J. curcas seed extracts. The decrease in the values of the mitotic index of the root cells and the presence of chromosomal aberrations in the dividing cells revealed cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of J. curcas seed extracts.
International Journal of Biosciences, 2019
Plant-derived compounds have played an important role in the development of several clinically us... more Plant-derived compounds have played an important role in the development of several clinically useful anticancer agents. This study aims to determine the anti-mitotic activity of the ethanolic leaf extract of Citrus microcarpa to sea urchin embryos as a preliminary bioassay to determine its anti-cancer property. The mitotic inhibition activity of the plant extract to sea urchin embryos was observed in four (4) various treatment concentrations of the extract. The time interval of each developmental stage of sea urchin embryos treated with
The genotoxic effects of Jatropha curcas seed extracts were evaluated using standard Allium cepa ... more The genotoxic effects of Jatropha curcas seed extracts were evaluated using standard Allium cepa root assay. J. curcas seeds were macerated and extracted using Supercritical Fluid Extractor (Akico brand) at 200 atm and 300 atm. pressure. Ten (10) onion bulbs were then grown in various treatment concentrations of 10-2 M, 10-3 M, 10-4 M and 10-5 M of J. curcas seed extract for 72 hours. The mitotic indices and chromosomal aberrations were used as parameters to evaluate the genotoxic effects of the seed extracts. It was found that there was a statistically significant inhibition of mitotic activity which was manifested by the decreased mitotic index depending on concentration by the extracts when compared with that of the control groups. Chromosomal aberrations such as lagging chromosomes, bridges, stickiness, canaphase, multipolarity, fragments and irregular metaphase were also observed. The said aberrations significantly increased at various treatment concentrations except at the 10-5 M concentration of the extract compared to those of the control group. Moreover, the number of aberrations also increased with the increasing concentration of the J. curcas seed extracts. The decrease in the values of the mitotic index of the root cells and the presence of chromosomal aberrations in the dividing cells revealed cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of J. curcas seed extracts.
The cytotoxic property of Carica papaya leaf ethanolic extract and fractions were evaluated to br... more The cytotoxic property of Carica papaya leaf ethanolic extract and fractions were evaluated to brine shrimp, Artemia salina nauplii. Different concentrations of the ethanolic extract and fractions were tested to brine shrimp nauplii to determine the percentage lethality and lethal concentration (LC50). Results showed that the various concentrations of C. papaya ethanolic extract and fractions caused lethality to brine shrimp nauplii in relation to the negative control. Ethyl acetate fraction of C. papaya showed the most toxic among the extract and fractions with an LC50 value of 66.07 µg/ml. Moreover, the chloroform fraction, ethanolic extract and hexane fractions manifested toxicity having LC50 values of 204.17 µg/ml; 204.7 µg/ml and 562.34 µg/ml, respectively. Based on the results, the ethyl acetate fraction of C. papaya was established to significantly increase the toxicity against brine shrimp nauplii, manifesting the cytotoxic/bioactive compounds in the said plant leaves and very promising sources for the development of anti-cancer agents.
International Research Journal of Biosciences, 2016
This study aims to determine the antimitotic activity of the ethanolic leaf extract of C. papaya ... more This study aims to determine the antimitotic activity of the ethanolic leaf extract of C. papaya in the sea urchin (Tripneust gratilla) embryo. The inhibition of cell proliferation of the crude extract in the sea urchin embryo was observed in three different concentrations (0.5%, 1.00% and 1.5%) of the extract and two control groups. The time interval of each developmental stage of sea urchin's embryo treated with the different concentrations of the C. papaya extract was higher compared to negative control group. Comparing the results in cleavage of the experimental groups, the lowest concentration (0.50%) of the plant extract showed the fastest mitotic activity compared to other concentrations. On the other hand, the highest concentration (1.50%) showed the slowest embryonic development compared to other treatment concentrations. In addition, 0.50% concentration showed a comparable result cell stages. C. papaya leaf extract showed antimitotic activity in the sea urchin embryos. The inhibition of sea urchin's proliferation in each developmental stage is dependent on the incr inhibition of the various concentrations of the plant extract and the control group is also significantly different at 0.5 le significant. Tukey pairwise comparison test result showed that most o difference between the time intervals of mitotic activity. In addition, the increasing concentration of the plant extract increased the time interval between developmental stages. phytochemical component present in the plant. Previous studies revealed that phytochemical analysis of C. papaya contained saponins, cardiac glycosides, and alkaloids. The phytochemical component of C. papaya is a goo suitable for a better pharmacological feature and a potent anti
Rice is the most important widely grown cereal in the Philippines. During storage, rice severely ... more Rice is the most important widely grown cereal in the Philippines. During storage, rice severely attacked by storage pests, mainly rice weevil, Sitophilus oryza. This study aims to determine the grain protectant efficacy of Tinospora rumphii against S. oryza. Plant stem was pulverized and extracted in concentrated ethanol. Phytochemical analysis of the extract was carried out to determine the secondary metabolites that posses toxic and insecticidal activities. The extract was applied at three various concentrations, 6%, 12% and 18% concentrations. Adult rice weevils were exposed to treated rice grains and mortality was determined after 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 hours of exposure. The study was laid out in complete randomized design with four (4) replicates in every treatment concentrations and the control groups (negative and positive control). The efficacy of the extract was assessed based on rice weevil’s mortality, number of holes and weight loss. Results showed that T. rumphii extr...
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Papers by Pedro Gutierrez