Papers by Patrick Callaghan
BMC Public Health, 2011
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A research handbook for patient and public involvement researchers, Oct 1, 2018
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imhrec.ie
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Programme Grants for Applied Research
Background Service users and carers using mental health services want more involvement in their c... more Background Service users and carers using mental health services want more involvement in their care and the aim of this research programme was to enhance service user and carer involvement in care planning in mental health services. Objectives Co-develop and co-deliver a training intervention for health professionals in community mental health teams, which aimed to enhance service user and carer involvement in care planning. Develop a patient-reported outcome measure of service user involvement in care planning, design an audit tool and assess individual preferences for key aspects of care planning involvement. Evaluate the clinical effectiveness and the cost-effectiveness of the training. Understand the barriers to and facilitators of implementing service user- and carer-involved care planning. Disseminate resources to stakeholders. Methods A systematic review, focus groups and interviews with service users/carers/health professionals informed the training and determined the prior...
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Health Technology Assessment
Background There is currently insufficient evidence for the clinical effectiveness and cost-effec... more Background There is currently insufficient evidence for the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of psychological therapies for post-stroke depression. Objective To evaluate the feasibility of undertaking a definitive trial to evaluate the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of behavioural activation (BA) compared with usual stroke care for treating post-stroke depression. Design Parallel-group, feasibility, multicentre, randomised controlled trial with nested qualitative research and a health economic evaluation. Setting Acute and community stroke services in three sites in England. Participants Community-dwelling adults 3 months to 5 years post stroke who are depressed, as determined by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) or the Visual Analogue Mood Scales ‘Sad’ item. Exclusions: patients who are blind and/or deaf, have dementia, are unable to communicate in English, do not have mental capacity to consent, are receiving treatment for depression at the tim...
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Trials
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Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services
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BMC Public Health
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The Journal of Mental Health Training, Education and Practice
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine empirical, epistemological and conceptual challen... more Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine empirical, epistemological and conceptual challenges and clinical narratives in the application of risk assessment and management in mental health. Design/methodology/approach The authors used a narrative review of empirical, conceptual and clinical literature. Findings The worldwide prevalence of violence in mental health settings remains high. Risk assessment and management approaches, while well intentioned as an attempt to reduce harm and increase people’s safety, have negligible effect on both. They are invariably individual centric, ignore wider environmental, societal and behavioural influences that foment violence and have a stigmatising effect on people using mental health services. They also reinforce the myth that people who are mentally unwell threaten society and that through current risk assessment and management approaches, we can minimise this threat. Research limitations/implications There is a need to reconsider the s...
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PloS one, 2018
Severe mental illness is a major driver of worldwide disease burden. Shared decision-making is cr... more Severe mental illness is a major driver of worldwide disease burden. Shared decision-making is critical for high quality care, and can enhance patient satisfaction and outcomes. However, it has not been translated into routine practice. This reflects a lack of evidence on the best way to implement shared decision-making, and the challenges of implementation in routine settings with limited resources. Our aim was to test whether we could deliver a practical and feasible intervention in routine community mental health services to embed shared decision-making for patients with severe mental illness, by improving patient and carer involvement in care planning. We cluster randomised community mental health teams to the training intervention or usual care, to avoid contamination. Training was co-delivered to a total of 350 staff in 18 teams by clinical academics, working alongside patients and carers. The primary outcome was the Health Care Climate Questionnaire, a self-report measure of ...
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Journal of clinical nursing, Jan 22, 2018
To explore the potential predictors of children's nurses' attitudes, knowledge and confid... more To explore the potential predictors of children's nurses' attitudes, knowledge and confidence towards caring for children and young people admitted to hospital with self-harm. Admissions to paediatric inpatient settings for individuals who have self-harmed are growing. Limited previous research suggests that nurses have mixed attitudes towards people who have self-harmed and potentially lack the confidence to provide effective care. There is a specific paucity of research in this area for children's nurses. A cross-sectional descriptive survey was used to gather data for exploration of variables associated with attitudes, confidence, knowledge and clinical behavioural intentions of 98 registered children's nurses in a single tertiary children's hospital, colocated in a large acute NHS Trust in the UK. Data were collected over a 4Â weeks in 2015, using an online survey tool. The predictive effect of several demographic variables was tested on the outcomes of attitu...
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Journal of clinical nursing, Jan 27, 2018
To examine how the concept of compassion is socially constructed within UK discourse, in response... more To examine how the concept of compassion is socially constructed within UK discourse, in response to recommendations that aspiring nurses gain care experience prior to entering nurse education. Following a report of significant failings in care, the UK government proposed prior care experience for aspiring nurses as a strategy to enhance compassion amongst the profession. Media reporting of this generated substantial online discussion, which formed the data for this research. There is a need to define how compassion is constructed through language as a limited understanding exists, of what compassion means in healthcare. This is important, for any meaningful evaluation of quality, compassionate practices. A corpus-informed discourse analysis. A 62626-word corpus of data was analysed using Laurence Anthony software 'AntCon', a free corpus analysis toolkit. Frequent words were retrieved and used as a focal point for further analysis. Concordance lines were computed and analyse...
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BMJ open, Jan 26, 2017
To assess the cost-effectiveness of preferred intensity exercise programme for young people with ... more To assess the cost-effectiveness of preferred intensity exercise programme for young people with depression compared with a treatment as usual control group. A 'within trial' cost-effectiveness and cost-utility analysis conducted alongside a randomised controlled trial. The perspective of the analysis was the UK National Health Service and social services. The intervention was provided in a community leisure centre setting. 86 young people aged 14-17 years attending Tier 2 and Tier 3 CAMHS (Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services) outpatient services presenting with depression. The intervention comprised 12 separate sessions of circuit training over a 6-week period. Sessions were supervised by a qualified exercise therapist. Participants also received treatment as usual. The comparator group received treatment as usual. We found improvements in the Children's Depression Inventory-2 (CDI-2) and estimated cost-effectiveness at £61 per point improvement in CDI-2 for the...
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International journal of nursing studies, Jan 16, 2017
The British Society for Disability and Oral Health guidelines made recommendations for oral healt... more The British Society for Disability and Oral Health guidelines made recommendations for oral health care for people with mental health problems, including providing oral health advice, support, promotion and education. The effectiveness of interventions based on these guidelines on oral health-related outcomes in mental health service users is untested. To acquire basic data on the oral health of people with or at risk of serious mental illness. To determine the effects of an oral health checklist in routine clinical practice. Clinician and service user-designed cluster randomised trial. The trial compared a simple form for monitoring oral health care with standard care (no form) for outcomes relevant to service use and dental health behaviour for people with suspected psychosis in Mid and North England. Thirty-five teams were divided into two groups and recruited across 2012-3 with one year follow up. 18 intervention teams returned 882 baseline intervention forms and 274 outcome she...
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BMC Psychiatry
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International Journal of Care Pathways
ABSTRACT Integrated care pathways (ICPs) are prearranged processes of care that are being increas... more ABSTRACT Integrated care pathways (ICPs) are prearranged processes of care that are being increasingly used to deliver mental health services. The literature to date reveals relatively little about service user and carer experience in relation to their use. This study was completed as part of case study research and focused on the experiences of service users and carers gathered using focus groups, as a unit of analysis. The findings revealed a number of contrasts including the perspective that people did not feel that their care was individualized to them, although among them they had different perceptions of the care process. Conclusions suggest that mental health ICPs need to reflect the relationships between stakeholders, variability of illness and individual ways of living if they are to provide a framework for managing care which is responsive to the needs of people using mental health services.
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British Journal of Social Work
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BMJ open, May 4, 2017
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Journal of psychiatric and mental health nursing, Jan 14, 2017
Integrated Care Pathways (ICPs) are used to deliver mental health services, yet evidence relating... more Integrated Care Pathways (ICPs) are used to deliver mental health services, yet evidence relating to outcomes is mixed. To compare service users' length of stay, readmission rates and follow up within 7 days of discharge in a mental health Trust using an ICP to direct the care of people diagnosed with schizophrenia with a Trust using a non-ICP method of care planning in England. A cohort study with a random sample of 400 service users with outcomes analysed retrospectively. The ICP Trust had a 13.5 day shorter average length of stay, this difference was statistically significant. No statistically significant differences were observed in rates of readmission or follow up within 7 days of discharge. Mental health nurses are central to the delivery of the psychosocial aspects of ICPs in particular and judging by the link between psychosocial interventions and quality of mental health care, it is possible that nurse-led psychosocial interventions contributed to the reduced length of...
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Trials, Dec 8, 2016
Patient and public involvement in research (PPIR) may improve trial recruitment rates, but it is ... more Patient and public involvement in research (PPIR) may improve trial recruitment rates, but it is unclear how. Where trials use PPIR to improve design and conduct, many do not communicate this clearly to potential participants. Better communication of PPIR might encourage patient enrolment, as trials may be perceived as more socially valid, relevant and trustworthy. We aimed to evaluate the impact on recruitment of directly advertising PPIR to potential trial participants. This is a cluster trial, embedded within a host trial ('EQUIP') recruiting service users diagnosed with severe mental illness. The intervention was informed by a systematic review, a qualitative study, social comparison theory and a stakeholder workshop including service users and carers. Adopting Participatory Design approaches, we co-designed the recruitment intervention with PPIR partners using a leaflet to advertise the PPIR in EQUIP and sent potential participants invitations with the leaflet (interven...
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Papers by Patrick Callaghan