Examination of direct forms of control in the bioarchaeological record has been limited to physic... more Examination of direct forms of control in the bioarchaeological record has been limited to physical violence identified as traumatic bodily injury, and seen on the skeleton as healed defensive fracturing, cut marks, blunt force trauma, and in some cases, burial position. But there are indirect modes of control that present as skeletal deformation that occur over long periods of time, but are not often included in the suite of bioarchaeological indicators of violence. This “chronic violence” manifests as both physiological and psychological control, and when read properly can reveal structural inequalities that are often disguised as either expected social performance as dictated by the elite or ruling class or as social control over those on the margins: purposeful pain. Until recently, these markers of social control have lacked a strong framework for consideration in bioarchaeology. This chapter explores how purposeful pain can be read in the subornation of females, as reflected in the cultural performance of beauty. Weaving together skeletal markers of deformation, ethnology, and historic contexts, the structural violence inherent in the performance of beauty, through the binding and shaping of the female body to fit social standards, is revealed. Examples of indirect cultural violence that asserts control over female bodies, specifically foot-binding, neck rings, and corset use, are examined through the physical body as well as the narratives of mothers who engage in these practices to assure that their daughters adhere to social expectations. These examples also offer a new way to consider how androcentric typological approaches have been widely accepted as truth and continue to be used to support the notion that females are truly problematized by their physical body, instead of considering the complexities of social performance and identity. Weaving embodiment and gender theory with structural violence theory, bioarchaeological analysis can reveal how indirect cultural violence that asserts control over female bodies forged in the industrial era has influenced how females in the archaeological record have been, and continue to be, assessed.
Science Across Cultures: the History of Non-Western Science, 2009
There is an abundant literature on the history and medicalization of birth and reproduction, from... more There is an abundant literature on the history and medicalization of birth and reproduction, from conception, to the maternal body, to the labors of birth itself (see Davis-Floyd and Sargent 1997; Devries et al. 2001; Ehrenreich and English 1973; Graham and Oakley 1981; Martin 1992; Rapp 2000; Trevathan 1997). Much of this research examines the cultural-social dimensions of medicine and
ABSTRACT Control over women in different cultures has taken its form in many ways. Examination of... more ABSTRACT Control over women in different cultures has taken its form in many ways. Examination of direct forms of control in the bioarchaeological record have been limited to physical violence identified as traumatic bodily injury, and seen on the skeleton as healed defensive fracturing, cut marks, blunt force trauma, and in some cases burial position. But there are other forms of direct violence that reflect indirect modes of control and present as skeletal deformation yet they occur over long periods of time, and are not often included in the suite of bioarchaeological indicators of violence, or discussed as a transcription of the legacy of subornation of women in communities across time. This paper explores the “chronic” violence that is perpetrated against women and is revealed in skeletal deformation. To do this the “binding of women” in the forms of foot-binding, neck rings, and tight-lacing will be used to explore how ethnology and skeletal markers may reveal something about how the complexity of indirect cultural violence can be seen directly on the bodies of women.
... 137 Figure 6.3 Female-dominated image of recording procedures from Kenyon 1964 ... To DAH who... more ... 137 Figure 6.3 Female-dominated image of recording procedures from Kenyon 1964 ... To DAH who gave Sue Hamilton her first excavation manual 'Directing Archaeological Excavations ... of Ruth Whitehouse's family (four generations), Hilde, Frances, Sarah, Susan, Rachel and ...
panthers, deer, and buffalo, in addition to other unknown and geometric forms. This chapter caref... more panthers, deer, and buffalo, in addition to other unknown and geometric forms. This chapter carefully considers several possible interpretations of these spectacular sites as clan totems, mythic beings related to Ho-Chunk (Winnebago) and other regional Native American creation accounts, and world renewal ceremonialism. Linking effigy mound sites that ceased being constructed perhaps around A.D. 1200 to ethnohistoric groups such as the Ho-Chunk is an interpretation that has been increasingly supported, but general readers may not be able to understand the complexity and continuing debate that still surround the issue of linking known ethnographic groups to archaeological cultures. The fact that only a few effigy mound-related habitation sites have been excavated to date attests to some of the issues surrounding these debates. Throughout the book, Birmingham and Eisenberg take care to address the beliefs of Native American groups, particularly the Ho-Chunk regarding their possible relationships to mound-building groups in Wisconsin. By inviting the Ho-Chunk in to the book as readers and participants in the story, the authors acknowledge the concerns of Native Americans regarding burials and keep the door open for continuing discussions that hopefully will lead to respect and understanding by all concerned.
... Second is the de-construction of the three major provisions set forth by the law ... Fueled b... more ... Second is the de-construction of the three major provisions set forth by the law ... Fueled by the imple-mentation of NAGPRA, the future of archaeology and biologi-cal anthropology ... provide valuable ethnographic data, like other local products (be they baskets or stories), they do ...
Bioarchaeology of Spanish Florida: The Impact of Colonialism. CLARK SPENCER LARSEN (ed.). Univers... more Bioarchaeology of Spanish Florida: The Impact of Colonialism. CLARK SPENCER LARSEN (ed.). University Press of Florida, Gainesville, 2001. 324 pp., $55 (cloth), ISBN 0-8130-2088-3. Reviewed by Ryan Harrod The field of bioarchaeology is a relatively new subdiscipline of physical anthropology that emerged in the 1970s as researchers pushed beyond simple osteological analysis and began using skeletal remains to address questions about lifestyle, diet, and the distribution of pathologies among past human societies. Bioarchaeology of Spanish Florida is a unique text because it approaches these new questions in relation to Native American groups living in a region called La Florida, which encompasses modern-day Florida and Georgia prior to, during, and foUowing contact with Spanish missionaries. The 10 chapters of Bioarchaeology of Spanish Florida, while presented seemingly separate in the text, can be organized according to the question of lifestyle each researcher is trying to address, whether that be about diet, quality of life, genetic relation, or exposure to pathology. The first two chapters introduce the research topic and methodological approaches utilized in the field of bioarchaeology. Chapter 1 describes the overall culture and history of the region, as well as the events that took place, and the reaction of the people involved, as Native American groups were introduced to the Spanish mission system. Chapter 2 provides a broad overview of the discipUne of bioarchaeology and its application in understanding La Florida. Having established a solid foundation for the authence, the next two chapters provide an in-depth analysis of how Native American diet among the various groups was affected to various degrees with the estabUshment of Spanish missions. To understand the type and quality of diet, the researcher evaluated the ratio of stable isotopes of nitrogen and carbon within the bones as well as analyzed microscopic evidence of wear on the teeth. Only a single chapter is dedicated to the realm of more traditional osteology, with chapter 5 investigating the metric analysis of the size and shape of the skeletal remains to determine activity and lifestyle of the various groups. However, this chapter differs from earlier studies in that Ruff and Larsen utilize innovative techniques to improve on the accuracy of the analysis. They move beyond measuring the outside dimensions of the bones such as length, width, and circumference to trying to understand both the external and internal structure. The following two chapters are a synthesis of the previous chapters as the authors evaluate diseases and characteristics that are the result of an unknown etiology that could be the result of fluctuations in diet or lifestyle. In chapter 7 Hutchinson and Larsen evaluate enamel hypoplasia, while in chapter 8 the authors are charting the occurrence of porotic hyperostosis and cribra orbitalia. …
... 33 Lynn Clark Callister and Inaam Khalaf A History of Western Medicine, Labor, and Birth........ more ... 33 Lynn Clark Callister and Inaam Khalaf A History of Western Medicine, Labor, and Birth..... ... co. uk Inaam Khalaf Faculty of Nursing, Jordan University, Amman, Jordan Sue Kildea School of Nursing and Midwifery, Australian Catholic University, Brisbane, Australia, Sue. ...
Examination of direct forms of control in the bioarchaeological record has been limited to physic... more Examination of direct forms of control in the bioarchaeological record has been limited to physical violence identified as traumatic bodily injury, and seen on the skeleton as healed defensive fracturing, cut marks, blunt force trauma, and in some cases, burial position. But there are indirect modes of control that present as skeletal deformation that occur over long periods of time, but are not often included in the suite of bioarchaeological indicators of violence. This “chronic violence” manifests as both physiological and psychological control, and when read properly can reveal structural inequalities that are often disguised as either expected social performance as dictated by the elite or ruling class or as social control over those on the margins: purposeful pain. Until recently, these markers of social control have lacked a strong framework for consideration in bioarchaeology. This chapter explores how purposeful pain can be read in the subornation of females, as reflected in the cultural performance of beauty. Weaving together skeletal markers of deformation, ethnology, and historic contexts, the structural violence inherent in the performance of beauty, through the binding and shaping of the female body to fit social standards, is revealed. Examples of indirect cultural violence that asserts control over female bodies, specifically foot-binding, neck rings, and corset use, are examined through the physical body as well as the narratives of mothers who engage in these practices to assure that their daughters adhere to social expectations. These examples also offer a new way to consider how androcentric typological approaches have been widely accepted as truth and continue to be used to support the notion that females are truly problematized by their physical body, instead of considering the complexities of social performance and identity. Weaving embodiment and gender theory with structural violence theory, bioarchaeological analysis can reveal how indirect cultural violence that asserts control over female bodies forged in the industrial era has influenced how females in the archaeological record have been, and continue to be, assessed.
Science Across Cultures: the History of Non-Western Science, 2009
There is an abundant literature on the history and medicalization of birth and reproduction, from... more There is an abundant literature on the history and medicalization of birth and reproduction, from conception, to the maternal body, to the labors of birth itself (see Davis-Floyd and Sargent 1997; Devries et al. 2001; Ehrenreich and English 1973; Graham and Oakley 1981; Martin 1992; Rapp 2000; Trevathan 1997). Much of this research examines the cultural-social dimensions of medicine and
ABSTRACT Control over women in different cultures has taken its form in many ways. Examination of... more ABSTRACT Control over women in different cultures has taken its form in many ways. Examination of direct forms of control in the bioarchaeological record have been limited to physical violence identified as traumatic bodily injury, and seen on the skeleton as healed defensive fracturing, cut marks, blunt force trauma, and in some cases burial position. But there are other forms of direct violence that reflect indirect modes of control and present as skeletal deformation yet they occur over long periods of time, and are not often included in the suite of bioarchaeological indicators of violence, or discussed as a transcription of the legacy of subornation of women in communities across time. This paper explores the “chronic” violence that is perpetrated against women and is revealed in skeletal deformation. To do this the “binding of women” in the forms of foot-binding, neck rings, and tight-lacing will be used to explore how ethnology and skeletal markers may reveal something about how the complexity of indirect cultural violence can be seen directly on the bodies of women.
... 137 Figure 6.3 Female-dominated image of recording procedures from Kenyon 1964 ... To DAH who... more ... 137 Figure 6.3 Female-dominated image of recording procedures from Kenyon 1964 ... To DAH who gave Sue Hamilton her first excavation manual 'Directing Archaeological Excavations ... of Ruth Whitehouse's family (four generations), Hilde, Frances, Sarah, Susan, Rachel and ...
panthers, deer, and buffalo, in addition to other unknown and geometric forms. This chapter caref... more panthers, deer, and buffalo, in addition to other unknown and geometric forms. This chapter carefully considers several possible interpretations of these spectacular sites as clan totems, mythic beings related to Ho-Chunk (Winnebago) and other regional Native American creation accounts, and world renewal ceremonialism. Linking effigy mound sites that ceased being constructed perhaps around A.D. 1200 to ethnohistoric groups such as the Ho-Chunk is an interpretation that has been increasingly supported, but general readers may not be able to understand the complexity and continuing debate that still surround the issue of linking known ethnographic groups to archaeological cultures. The fact that only a few effigy mound-related habitation sites have been excavated to date attests to some of the issues surrounding these debates. Throughout the book, Birmingham and Eisenberg take care to address the beliefs of Native American groups, particularly the Ho-Chunk regarding their possible relationships to mound-building groups in Wisconsin. By inviting the Ho-Chunk in to the book as readers and participants in the story, the authors acknowledge the concerns of Native Americans regarding burials and keep the door open for continuing discussions that hopefully will lead to respect and understanding by all concerned.
... Second is the de-construction of the three major provisions set forth by the law ... Fueled b... more ... Second is the de-construction of the three major provisions set forth by the law ... Fueled by the imple-mentation of NAGPRA, the future of archaeology and biologi-cal anthropology ... provide valuable ethnographic data, like other local products (be they baskets or stories), they do ...
Bioarchaeology of Spanish Florida: The Impact of Colonialism. CLARK SPENCER LARSEN (ed.). Univers... more Bioarchaeology of Spanish Florida: The Impact of Colonialism. CLARK SPENCER LARSEN (ed.). University Press of Florida, Gainesville, 2001. 324 pp., $55 (cloth), ISBN 0-8130-2088-3. Reviewed by Ryan Harrod The field of bioarchaeology is a relatively new subdiscipline of physical anthropology that emerged in the 1970s as researchers pushed beyond simple osteological analysis and began using skeletal remains to address questions about lifestyle, diet, and the distribution of pathologies among past human societies. Bioarchaeology of Spanish Florida is a unique text because it approaches these new questions in relation to Native American groups living in a region called La Florida, which encompasses modern-day Florida and Georgia prior to, during, and foUowing contact with Spanish missionaries. The 10 chapters of Bioarchaeology of Spanish Florida, while presented seemingly separate in the text, can be organized according to the question of lifestyle each researcher is trying to address, whether that be about diet, quality of life, genetic relation, or exposure to pathology. The first two chapters introduce the research topic and methodological approaches utilized in the field of bioarchaeology. Chapter 1 describes the overall culture and history of the region, as well as the events that took place, and the reaction of the people involved, as Native American groups were introduced to the Spanish mission system. Chapter 2 provides a broad overview of the discipUne of bioarchaeology and its application in understanding La Florida. Having established a solid foundation for the authence, the next two chapters provide an in-depth analysis of how Native American diet among the various groups was affected to various degrees with the estabUshment of Spanish missions. To understand the type and quality of diet, the researcher evaluated the ratio of stable isotopes of nitrogen and carbon within the bones as well as analyzed microscopic evidence of wear on the teeth. Only a single chapter is dedicated to the realm of more traditional osteology, with chapter 5 investigating the metric analysis of the size and shape of the skeletal remains to determine activity and lifestyle of the various groups. However, this chapter differs from earlier studies in that Ruff and Larsen utilize innovative techniques to improve on the accuracy of the analysis. They move beyond measuring the outside dimensions of the bones such as length, width, and circumference to trying to understand both the external and internal structure. The following two chapters are a synthesis of the previous chapters as the authors evaluate diseases and characteristics that are the result of an unknown etiology that could be the result of fluctuations in diet or lifestyle. In chapter 7 Hutchinson and Larsen evaluate enamel hypoplasia, while in chapter 8 the authors are charting the occurrence of porotic hyperostosis and cribra orbitalia. …
... 33 Lynn Clark Callister and Inaam Khalaf A History of Western Medicine, Labor, and Birth........ more ... 33 Lynn Clark Callister and Inaam Khalaf A History of Western Medicine, Labor, and Birth..... ... co. uk Inaam Khalaf Faculty of Nursing, Jordan University, Amman, Jordan Sue Kildea School of Nursing and Midwifery, Australian Catholic University, Brisbane, Australia, Sue. ...
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